Effect of B. subtilis in simulated acid red soil on the corrosion behavior of X80 pipeline steel.

The eastern section of China's West-east gas transmission project is laid in acidic red soil. NRB are widespread in soils and play an important role in metal corrosion. In this article, the corrosion failure behavior and mechanism of X80 pipeline steel under the action of NRB in simulated acidic soil were studied. It was found that the biofilm of B. subtilis had significant inhibitory on the overall corrosion of X80 steel. Electrochemical results prove that the corrosion rate of the sterile group after 14 days of immersion was about 4.5 times that of the bacterial group. However, the biofilm promotes the formation of local corrosion pits. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images indicate that that the corrosion pit depth of the bacterial group (46.1 µm) was three times that of the bacterial-free group (15.7 µm) after 14 days. The pH of the acidic environment was slightly improved by B. subtilis. XPS results proved that B. subtilis complicates the corrosion products of X80 steel through its nitrate reduction ability and metabolism.

Wrist-hand extension function recovery in spastic hemiplegia patient by botulinum toxin injection plus surface electromyography biofeedback therapy: A case report.

RATIONALE: Wrist-hand extension function rehabilitation is a vital and difficult part of hand function recovery in spastic stroke patients. Although botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) injection plus post injection therapy was applied to the wrist-hand rehabilitation in previous reports, conclusion was inconsistent in promoting function. For this phenomenon, proper selection of patients for BoNTA injection and correct choice of post-injection intervention could be the crucial factors for the function recovery. PATIENT CONCERNS: We reported a 46-year-old male suffered a spastic hemiplegia with wrist- hand extension deficit. DIAGNOSES: Computed tomography showed cerebral hemorrhage in the left basal ganglia region. INTERVENTIONS: Four hundred units of BoNTA were injected into the spasticity flexors, and four-week post injection surface electromyography (sEMG) biofeedback therapy was applied to the patient. OUTCOMES: The patient exhibited post-intervention improvement in wrist-hand extensors performance (strength, range of motion, sEMG signals), the flexors spasticity, and upper extremity function. LESSONS: The present case showed that 4-week of BoNTA injection plus sEMG biofeedback exercise improved the performance and function of wrist-hand extensors in the patient for short- and long-term. Proper selection of patients for BoNTA injection and correct choice of post injection exercise could play a vital role in the hand rehabilitation for patient with spastic hemiplegia.