Effectiveness of Psychomotor Therapy among Children with Graphomotor Impairment with and without DCD-Diagnosis.

In Switzerland, psychomotor therapy (PMT) is a standard treatment for children with graphomotor impairments, but scientific evidence of its effectiveness is rare. To investigate the effectiveness of PMT, we conducted a randomised field trial (RFT). The sample consisted of 121 first and second graders with graphomotor impairments, some of whom met the criteria of developmental coordination disorder, while the remaining suffered from developmental dysgraphia. The treatments lasted over 5 months. Handwriting fluency and consistency were measured five times on a digitising tablet. All participating children completed a self-concept interview, and a standardised fine motor performance test twice. Psychomotor therapy significantly improved the fine motor skills of the therapy group compared to those of the waiting group. However, there was no evidence that the treated children improved more than the waiting children in terms of their graphomotor skills such as frequency, automaticity, and consistency of forming letters. Finally, the children of the therapy group showed partial improvements in their handwriting self-concept, while those of the waiting group children remained stable. This short-term RFT demonstrated the effectiveness of PMT in terms of fine motor skills and some aspects of the handwriting self-concept but showed no effects on handwriting fluency and consistency.

Prevalence and consequences of chromosomal abnormalities in Canadian commercial swine herds.

BACKGROUND: Structural chromosome abnormalities are well known as factors that reduce fertility rate in domestic pigs. According to large-scale national cytogenetic screening programs that are implemented in France, it is estimated that new chromosome abnormalities occur at a rate of 0.5 % in fertility-unproven boars. RESULTS: This work aimed at estimating the prevalence and consequences of chromosome abnormalities in commercial swine operations in Canada. We found pig carriers at a frequency of 1.64 % (12 out of 732 boars). Carrier pigs consistently showed lower fertility values. The total number of piglets born for litters from carrier boars was between 4 and 46 % lower than the herd average. Similarly, carrier boars produced litters with a total number of piglets born alive that was between 6 and 28 % lower than the herd average. A total of 12 new structural chromosome abnormalities were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Reproductive performance is significantly reduced in sires with chromosome abnormalities. The incidence of such abnormal sires appears relatively high in populations without routine cytogenetic screening such as observed for Canada in this study. Systematic cytogenetic screening of potential breeding boars would minimise the risk of carriers of chromosome aberrations entering artificial insemination centres. This would avoid the large negative effects on productivity for the commercial sow herds and reduce the risk of transmitting abnormalities to future generations in nucleus farms.

Association of adiponectin and adiponectin receptor genes with sow productivity estimated breeding values.

Our objectives were to estimate frequencies of previously identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and its receptors (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2) in a population of Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire pigs and evaluate the effect of these alleles on sow productivity estimated breeding values (EBVs). Eight SNPs were genotyped on 446 pigs in the ADIPOQ (c.178G>A, c.*300A>G, c.*1094_1095insC and c.*1779A>C), ADIPOR1 (c.*129A>C) and ADIPOR2 (c.*112G>A, c.*295G>C and c.*1455G>A) genes. Association analyses were performed with sow productivity EBVs based on litter records collected in Canadian breeding farms. There were significant associations between ADIPOQ c.178G>A and c.*1094_1095insC SNPs and studied traits. However, none of these associations remained significant after applying a Bonferroni correction. The ADIPOR2 c.*112G>A SNP was associated with the total number of piglets born (TNB, P < 0.001) and litter weight at weaning (LWW, P < 0.001) EBVs. Associations were also observed between the ADIPOR2 [A;C;G] haplotype and TNB and LWW (P < 0.001). Our results demonstrate that a selection in favor of the c.*112G allele or against the [A;C;G] haplotype may have the potential to increase LWW EBVs. However, the c.*112G allele is also associated with lower TNB EBVs. Some of the alleles of the genes studied showed substantial variability and in general, the results corroborated previously reported findings for an independent sow population. However, careful cost-benefits analyses should be performed before using these markers in selection program as an improvement in TNB may translate into lighter LWW, with its associated negative impact on production traits such as growth performances.