Effects of different light sources on the stability of cinepazide maleate in sodium chloride solution / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the effects of different light sources on the stability of cinepazide maleate in sodium chloride solution, providing a theoretical basis for standardizing operation for avoiding light in clinical medication.Methods:First, a standard curve was created and methodological studies were conducted. Then, intravenous drip solutions were prepared using clinically prescribed methods. Then, the absorbance of the solution of cinepazide maleate injection under outdoor light, light emitting diode (LED) light, indoor light, artificial sunlight with a color temperature of 6 500 K (D65), and under a shading condition for 1, 2, 3, and 7 hours were brought into the standard curve to obtain the concentrations, and the change of the concentrations was studied.Results:There was no light decomposition phenomenon of cinepazide maleate injection in the shading group (control group) within 7 hours. In the other four experimental groups, there was no obvious light decomposition phenomenon of cinepazide maleate injection in the LED light group. Compared with the shading group, cinepazide maleate injection in the indoor, outdoor, and D65 groups began to exhibit a light decomposition phenomenon at 1 hour ( F = 44 840.44, P < 0.001). At 2 hours, cinepazide maleate content in the outdoor and D65 groups began to decrease significantly compared with the shading group ( F = 15 459.12, P < 0.001). At 7 hours, cinepazide maleate exhibited significantly greater light decomposition in the outdoor group [(29.84 ± 0.43) L·mol -1·cm -1] and D65 group [(21.01 ± 0.51) L·mol -1·cm -1] than the shading group [(101.65 ± 1.5) L·mol -1·cm -1] ( F = 63 106.32, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in cinepazide maleate content between LED and shading groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:Cinepazide maleate injection is stable under the common LED light source and therefore it is not necessary to take lightproof operation. Cinepazide maleate injection is unstable under indoor, outdoor, and D65 light sources, and it is necessary to take lightproof operation.

The Small Molecule Drug BNTA Alleviates Osteoarthritis Caused by High Cholesterol by Upregulating Insig1 / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease of the motor system with a high morbidity and disability rate. The pathogenesis of OA is not clear at present. Previous studies believe that the pathogenesis of OA is mainly related to trauma factors, while recent studies have shown that metabolic factors, including abnormal cholesterol metabolism, are also closely related to OA. The treatment of OA is mainly symptomatic treatment at the early stage and surgical treatment at the late stage, and there is no specific drug. Previously, BNTA, a small molecule drug with cartilage protective effects, has been shown to have a good effect on OA caused by trauma, but its effect on OA caused by high cholesterol remains unclear. In order to explore the therapeutic effect of BNTA on OA caused by high cholesterol and its mechanism, the OA model of rats was constructed by adopting high cholesterol diets, and paraffin sections of knee joints were taken for histological evaluation. Lipid accumulation in chondrocytes of rats was assessed by oil red O staining. The expression of genes and proteins related to anabolism, catabolism and cholesterol metabolism in chondrocytes was assessed by RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that BNTA could alleviate OA pathological manifestations and improve the OARSI (Osteoarthritis Research Society International) score in the OA model of high cholesterol rats. In rat chondrocytes, BNTA can promote the expression of anabolism-related genes col2, sox9 and acan, inhibit the expression of catabolism-related genes mmp13 and adamts5, and improve the lipid accumulation caused by high cholesterol in rat chondrocytes. BNTA can up-regulate Insig1 expression in rat chondrocytes and the OA model of high cholesterol rats. This study confirmed that high cholesterol can aggravate OA in vivo and in vitro, and can increase lipid accumulation in rat chondrocytes. Taken together, BNTA can alleviate OA phenotypes induced by high cholesterol and improve abnormal lipid accumulation in chondrocytes, possibly by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis in cells by upregulating Insig1, thereby alleviating abnormal lipid accumulation.

Partial stereotactic ablative boost radiotherapy in bulky non-small cell lung cancer: a dosimetric comparison between proton and photon / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:Partial stereotactic ablative boost radiotherapy(P-SABR)is a method to deliver SABR boost to the gross tumor boost volume(GTVb), followed by conventionally fractionated radiotherapy to the whole tumor area(GTV). GTVb is the max volume receiving SABR while ensuring the critical organ-at-risk(OAR)falloff to 3 GyE/f. We investigated the potential advantage of proton therapy in treating bulky non-small cell lung cancer(the tumor length greater than 8 cm).Methods:Nine patients with bulky NSCLC treated with photon P-SABR in our institute were selected. For the treatment planning of proton therapy, the GTVb target area was gradually outwardly expanded based on the photon GTVb target area until the dose to critical OARs reached 3 GyE/f. The GTV and CTV areas remained the same as photon plan. A proton intensity-modulated radiation treatment plan(proton-IMPT), a photon intensity-modulated radiation treatment plan(photon-IMRT)and a photon volumetric modulated arc therapy(photon-VMAT)were created for each patient, respectively. The dosimetric parameters of different treatment plans were compared.Results:The volume ratio of GTVb-photon and GTVb-proton to GTV was(25.4±13.4)% and(69.7±30.0)%,respectively( P<0.001). In photon-IMRT, photon-VMAT, and proton-IMPT plan groups, the mean dose of CTV was(76.1±4.9)Gy, (78.2±3.6)Gy, and(84.7±4.9)Gy, respectively; the ratio of tumor volume with Biologic Effective Dose(BED)≥ 90 Gy to GTV volume was(70.7±21.7)%, (76.8±22.1)%,and(97.9±4.0)%,respectively. The actual dose and BED to the tumor area of the proton-IMPT plan group were significantly higher than those of the photon plan group(both P<0.05). Besides, the OARs dose was significantly decreased in the proton-IMPT group, with(49.2±22.0)%, (56.8±19.0)% and(16.1±6.3)% of the whole lung V5 for photon-IMRT, photon-VMAT and proton-IMPT, respectively(all P<0.001). Conclusions:Larger GTV boost target volume, higher BED and reduced OARs dose can be achieved in proton plans compared with photon plans. Proton P-SABR is expected to further improve the local control rate of bulky NSCLC with fewer adverse effects.

Development of a Recombinase-aided Amplification Combined With Lateral Flow Dipstick Assay for the Rapid Detection of the African Swine Fever Virus / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a sensitive, simple and rapid detection method for African swine fever virus (ASFV) B646L gene.@*METHODS@#A recombinase-aided amplification-lateral flow dipstick (RAA-LFD) assay was developed in this study. Recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) is used to amplify template DNA, and lateral flow dipstick (LFD) is used to interpret the results after the amplification is completed. The lower limits of detection and specificity of the RAA assay were verified using recombinant plasmid and pathogenic nucleic acid. In addition, 30 clinical samples were tested to evaluate the performance of the RAA assay.@*RESULTS@#The RAA-LFD assay was completed within 15 min at 37 °C, including 10 min for nucleic acid amplification and 5 minutes for LFD reading results. The detection limit of this assay was found to be 200 copies per reaction. And there was no cross-reactivity with other swine viruses.@*CONCLUSION@#A highly sensitive, specific, and simple RAA-LFD method was developed for the rapid detection of the ASFV.

Investigate the Dosimetric and Potential Clinical Benefits Utilizing Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy With Simultaneous Integrated Boost Technique for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Comparison Between Photon and Proton Beam Therapy.

PURPOSE: To investigate the potential clinical benefits of using stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) technique for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) among different treatment modalities and planning strategies, including photon and proton. METHOD: A total of 19 patients were retrospectively selected in this study: 13 cases with the tumor located in the head of the pancreas and 6 cases with the tumor in the body of the pancreas. SBRT-SIB plans were generated using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), two-field Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy (IMPT), and three-field IMPT. The IMPT used the robust optimization parameters of ± 3.5% range and 5-mm setup uncertainties. Root-mean-square deviation dose (RMSD) volume histograms were used to evaluate the target coverage robustness quantitatively. Dosimetric metrics based on the dose-volume histogram (DVH), homogeneity index (HI), and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) were analyzed to evaluate the potential clinical benefits among different planning groups. RESULTS: With a similar CTV and SIB coverage, two-field IMPT provided a lower maximum dose for the stomach (median: 18.6GyE, p<0.05) and duodenum (median: 32.62GyE, p<0.05) when the target was located in the head of the pancreas compared to VMAT and three-field IMPT. The risks of gastric bleed (3.42%) and grade ≥ 3 GI toxicity (4.55%) were also decreased. However, for the target in the body of the pancreas, VMAT showed a lower maximum dose for the stomach (median 30.93GyE, p<0.05) and toxicity of gastric bleed (median: 8.67%, p<0.05) compared to two-field IMPT and three-field IMPT, while other maximum doses and NTCPs were similar. The RMSD volume histogram (RVH) analysis shows that three-field IMPT provided better robustness for targets but not for OARs. Instead, three-field IMPT increased the Dmean of organs such as the stomach, duodenum, and intestine. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the tumor locations could play a critical role in determining clinical benefits among different treatment modalities. Two-field IMPT could be a better option for LAPC patients whose tumors are located in the head of the pancreas. It provides lower severe toxicity for the stomach and duodenum. Nevertheless, VMAT is preferred for the body with better protection for the possibility of gastric bleed.

Progress of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Immunotherapy of Triple Negative Breast Cancer / 中国医学科学院学报

Breast cancer has become the most common cancer for women in China.Lack of effective therapeutic targets,triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)has poorer prognosis compared with other subtypes of breast cancer.Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)are a group of heterogeneous lymphocytes around the tumor,which are believed as immunoreactive products of host immune response to tumor antigens.At present,there have been reports on the predictive effect of TILs on the prognosis of breast cancer,and the available studies focus mainly on TNBC.This article briefly reviews the recent progress of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in immunotherapy of TNBC.

Application Value of Abbreviated Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in Elderly Female Breast Cancer Patients / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the application value of abbreviated comprehensive geriatric assessment(aCGA)in elderly female breast cancer patients. Methods Eight aspects of the traditional CGA were simplified to form the aCGA assessment table,based on which the patients were classified into three grades of A,B and C according to the total scores.This study enrolled the elderly female patients with breast cancer aged 70 years and above who were treated in PUMC Hospital from June 2018 to January 2020.Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)scoring and aCGA grading were performed respectively,and the results of the two methods were compared. Results Of the 162 patients,111(68.5%)were classified by the aGGA method as grade A,43(26.5%)as grade B,and 8(5.0%)as grade C;131(80.9%)cases have concurrent diseases,and the most common complications were hypertension(

Rapid Health Technology Assessment of Albumin-bound Paclitaxel in the Treatment of Breast Cancer / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To evaluate th e effectiveness ，safety and economy of albu min-bound paclitaxel （nab-PTX）in the treatment of breast cancer by using rapid health technology assessment （HTA），and to provide evidence-based reference for drug selection. METHODS ：Retrieved from PubMed ，the Cochrane Library ，CNKI，Wangfang database and other databases ，systematic evaluation/Meta-analysis，HTA and pharmacoeconomic studies about nab-PTX in the treatment of breast cancer were included ；the conclusions were classified and analyzed by using descriptive analysis. RESULTS ：A total of 5 systematic reviews/Meta-analysis ， 8 pharmacoeconomic studies were included in this study. Compared with conventional taxanes ，nab-PTX increased pathological complete response （pCR）rate [OR ＝1.39，95％CI（1.16，1.67），P＜0.001] and event-free survival （EFS）[HR＝0.69，95％CI（0.57， 0.85），P＜0.001] in neoadjuvant chemotherapy （NAC）-treated breast cancer patients. However ，there were no significant differences in overall survival （OS），progression-free survival （PFS），objective response rate （ORR）and disease control rate （DCR）in metastatic breast cancer （MBC）patients between 2 groups. In the terms of safety ，nab-PTX increased the incidence of grade 3-4 sensory neuropathy [OR ＝1.89，95％CI（1.36，2.61），P＜0.001] in MBC patients ，and increased the incidence of neutropenia [OR ＝ 1.52，95％CI（1.23，1.88，P＜0.001]，sensory neuropathy [OR ＝ 2.17，95％CI（1.38，3.40），P＜0.001]，rash [OR ＝1.46，95％CI mei1213@163.com （1.18，1.80），P＜0.001] and fatigue [OR ＝1.28，95％CI（1.04， 1.56）， P＝0.02] in NAC -treated breast cancer patients.Pharmacoeconomic studies showed that nab-PTX could improve the quality adjusted lif e years of MBC patients compared with traditional taxanes ，and it was a economical option. CONCLUSIONS：Nab-PTX enhances pCR in NAC-treated breast cancer patients ，but has no significant advantage in the effectiveness of MBC patients ，and increases the occurrence of ADR. Nab-PTX may have a cost-utility advantage over conventional taxanes for MBC.

Association between the alteration of serum N-glycan profile and the change of glycosyltransferase expression in liver tissue in patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the potential mechanism of serum N-glycan alterations in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by measuring serum N-glycan profile and comparing glycosyltransferase gene expression between HCC tissue and adjacent tissue. MethodsThe samples of HCC tissue, adjacent tissue, and normal liver tissue were collected from 34 patients with HBV-related HCC who were admitted to Chinese PLA General Hospital, and serum samples were also collected. Among these 34 patients, 8 were randomly selected and their serum samples were established as HCC experimental group, and the serum samples of 20 healthy adults were established as control group. DNA sequencer-aided fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis was used to analyze serum N-glycan profile in the HCC experimental group and the control group. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of 8 glycosyltransferase genes (FUT3, FUT4, FUT6, FUT7, FUT8, Gn-TIII, Gn-TIVa, and Gn-TV) in the HCC tissue and adjacent tissue of 34 patients with HBV-related HCC, and Western blot was used to measure the expression of corresponding proteins. The independent samples t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups. ResultsCompared with the control group, the HCC experimental group had a significant increase in the abundance of N-glycan peak9 (NA3Fb) in serum(t=-2.514,P＜0.05). There were significant differences in the mRNA expression of FUT8, Gn-TIVa, and Gn-TV between HCC tissue and adjacent tissue, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of FUT8 and Gn-TV in HCC tissue were significantly higher than those in adjacent tissue (FUT8 mRNA: 1.50±0.34 vs 0.65±0.11, t=-2.354，P=0.022; Gn-TV mRNA: 3.57±0.64 vs 1.33±016, t=-3.384,P=0001; FUT8 protein: 0.70±0.11 vs 0.083±0.017, t=9.555,P=0.001; Gn-TV protein: 1.33±0.19 vs 0.60±0.15, t=5.097,P=0.007). The mRNA expression level of Gn-TIVa in HCC tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissue (2.90±0.47 vs 1.68±0.19, t=-2.403,P=0.019), but there was no significant difference in the protein expression level of Gn-TIVa between HCC tissue and adjacent tissue (052±0.24 vs 0.24±0.11,t=1.833, P=0.141). The changes of glycosyltransferase gene expression in HCC tissue were consistent with the alteration of serum N-glycan profile. ConclusionSerum N-glycan alterations in patients with HBV-related HCC may be closely associated with the upregulated expression of the glycosyltransferase genes FUT8, Gn-TIVa, and Gn-TV in HCC tissue.

Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Piperis Fructus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Piperis Fructus is the dried nearly ripe or ripe fruit of Piperaceae, which is an important spice material and a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it is widely used in the world. It is recorded to possess the efficacy of warming spleen and stomach for dispelling cold, depressing Qi and dissolving phlegm. Piperis Fructus mainly contains amide alkaloids with piperine as the main ingredient and volatile oil dominated by monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, which have a wide range of biological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, etc. By referring to relevant papers at home and abroad, the researches on chemical compositions from different parts and pharmacological effects of Piperis Fructus in recent 5 years were summarized and analyzed. It was found that Piperis Fructus has great potential for drug development as a TCM with homology of medicine and food, which can provide a reference for further research and comprehensive utilization of Piperis Fructus.

Expression of PD1 and BTLA on the CD8+ T Cell and γδT Cell Subsets in Peripheral Blood of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective To investigate the expression and regulation of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) in peripheral blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); to examine the correlation of the mRNA levels between PD and BTLA in NSCLC. Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of PD1 and BTLA on the surfaces of CD8+ T cells and γδ+ T cells in the peripheral blood samples collected from 32 in-patients with stage IV NSCLC and 30 healthy individuals. We compared the expression of PD1 and BTLA on the surfaces of γδ+ T cells in the NSCLC patients with bone metastasis before and after the treatment of zoledronic acid. The correlations of PD1 and BTLA, as well as their ligands were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis with the cBioPortal data platform. Results The frequency of PD1 on the surfaces of CD8+ T cells was significantly higher than that of the γδT cells in both healthy controls (t=2.324, P=0.024) and NSCLC patients（t=2.498, P=0.015). The frequency of PD1 on CD8+ T cells, rather than on γδ+ T cells, was significantly upregulated in advanced NSCLC patients compared with that in healthy controls (t=4.829, P<0.001). The PD1+ BTLA+γδT cells of the healthy controls were significantly lower than that of the NSCLC patients (t=2.422, P=0.0185). No differences in percentage of PD1+γδ+ and BTLA+γδ+ T cells were observed in 7 NSCLC patients with bone metastasis before and after zoledronic acid treatment. PD1 was positively correlated with BTLA in both lung adenocarcinoma (r=0.54; P<0.05) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (r=0.78; P<0.05). Conclusions The upregulation of co-inhibitory molecules occurs on the surfaces of both CD8+ T cells and γδT cells in advanced NSCLC, suggesting that these molecules were involved in regulating the inactivation of CD8+ T cells and γδ+ T cells, immune escape and tumor invasion.

Effect of Anluohuaxianwan on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in rat liver with fibrosis / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effect of anluohuaxianwan (ALHXW) using rat model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver fibrosis on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs).@*Methods@#Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into control, model and treatment groups. Rats in the model and treatment groups were injected intraperitoneally with 40% CCl4 (2 ml/kg), and the control group were given isotonic saline twice a week for six weeks. Meanwhile, the treatment group were gavaged with ALHXW solution daily (concentration 0.15 g/ml, 9.9 ml/kg) for 6 weeks, while the control and model groups were given isotonic saline once a day for 6 weeks. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured at the end of third and sixth week. At the end of six weeks, liver tissues were harvested for histopathological evaluation and the detection of mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP-2/13 and TIMP-1/2. According to different data, LSD method, parametric (one-way ANOVA) and non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Mann-Whitney U test) were used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#Compared with the model group, ALHXW markedly alleviated liver injury in the treatment group, and thereby improved the general state of rats, liver and spleen morphological characteristics, and ALT and AST levels. Histopathological examination demonstrated that the extent of liver fibrosis was improved (2.75 ± 0.75 vs. 3.55 ± 0.69, P = 0.015) in the treatment group as compared with the model group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP-13 in the treatment group were significantly higher than that of the model group (mRNA: 10.50 ± 7.64 vs. 4.40 ± 2.97, P = 0.029. Protein: 1.15 ± 0.09 vs. 0.78 ± 0.21, P = 0.016), whereas the mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP-2, TIMP-1/2 in the treatment group were significantly lower than that of the model group (mRNA: 4.55 ± 3.29 vs. 7.83 ± 4.19, P = 0.048; 1.66 ± 0.73 vs. 3.69 ± 2.78, P = 0.023; 2.25 ± 1.16 vs. 3.41 ± 1.51, P = 0.049; respectively. Protein: 0.44 ± 0.11 vs. 0.65 ± 0.05, P = 0.03; 0.69 ± 0.06 vs. 1.07 ± 0.21, P = 0.016; 0.46 ± 0.09 vs. 0.81 ± 0.13, P = 0.003; respectively).@*Conclusion@#ALHXW exerts anti-liver fibrosis effects mainly by improving liver function, inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells, enhancing the expression of MMP-13, and inhibiting the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1/2.

Neutrophil-mimicking therapeutic nanoparticles for targeted chemotherapy of pancreatic carcinoma

Due to the critical correlation between inflammation and carcinogenesis, a therapeutic candidate with anti-inflammatory activity may find application in cancer therapy. Here, we report the therapeutic efficacy of celastrol as a promising candidate compound for treatment of pancreatic carcinoma naïve neutrophil membrane-coated poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether--poly(lactic--glycolic acid) (PEG-PLGA) nanoparticles. Neutrophil membrane-coated nanoparticles (NNPs) are well demonstrated to overcome the blood pancreas barrier to achieve pancreas-specific drug delivery . Using tumor-bearing mice xenograft model, NNPs showed selective accumulations at the tumor site following systemic administration as compared to nanoparticles without neutrophil membrane coating. In both orthotopic and ectopic tumor models, celastrol-loaded NNPs demonstrated greatly enhanced tumor inhibition which significantly prolonged the survival of tumor bearing mice and minimizing liver metastases. Overall, these results suggest that celastrol-loaded NNPs represent a viable and effective treatment option for pancreatic carcinoma.

Reform and explorations on appraisal and incentives mechanism for senior medical professionals at hospitals / 中华医院管理杂志

The paper presented the " Professors Evaluation System" initiated by the hospital since July 2009, which was designed for quantitative assessment of senior medical professionals of non-management category in terms of their performance in medical, teaching, research and management work. Seven periods of appraisal have witnessed a significant elevation of the rate of excellence among such professionals, proving that such a system can motivate and guide these professionals to continuously improve their competence in medical, teaching, research and management work.

Association between diabetic retinopathy with atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To investigate the association between diabetic retinopathy ( DR) and atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease ( ASCVD) .Methods Clinical data of 654 patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) were collected from a cross sectional , population based survey on chronic diseases and risk factors which was conducted in Beijing Changping district from July 2010 to March 2011.Among 654 T2DM patients, there were 73 patients with ASCVD (ASCVD group) and 581 patients without ASCVD ( non-ASCVD group ) .The association between DR and ASCVD was analyzed .Results Patients with ASCVD had significantly older age [58.5(53.9,65.9) years], more female sex[52(71.2%)], higher proportion of ASCVD history [45(61.6%)], higher levels of PG 2 h[16.26(11.08,19.20) mmol/L], HbA1c[7.20(6.55,8.85)%], systolic pressure [151(133,165) mmHg(1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa)] and lower eGFR[87.2(75.0,103.0) ml· min-1· 1.73 m-2] than non-ASCVD patients[52.4(46.5,58.3) years, Z＝-5.86, P＝0.00; 307(52.8%),χ2＝-8.86, P＝0.00; 256(44.1%),χ2＝8.07, P＝0.01; 13.10(8.99,17.93) mmol/L, Z＝-2.35, P＝0.02; 6.70(6.00, 7.90)%, Z＝-3.33, P＝0.00; 143(131,158) mmHg, χ2＝-2.28, P＝0.02; 94.6(84.8,106.3) ml· min-1· 1.73 m-2, Z＝-3.47, P＝0.00].The trend to develop DR in ASCVD group was significantly higher than that in non-ASCVD group [19.2%(14/74) vs.8.3%(48/581), χ2＝9.01, P ＝0.00] .DR was an independent statistical indicator of the presence of ASCVD [ OR ( 95%CI ): 2.64 ( 1.37 -5.06 ), P ＝0.00 ] . Furthermore, when DR was divided into NPDR and PDR according to its severity , only PDR was significantly associated with incident ASCVD [OR(95%CI): 12.05 (2.63-55.12), P＝0.00].After adjusting for traditional ASCVD risk factors , such an association still existed , with the risk of having ASCVD increasing by 718%[ OR (95% CI): 8.18 ( 1.56 -42.81 ), P ＝0.01] .DR associates strongly with ASCVD in the Chinese population with T 2DM.Conclussion With the severity of DR increasing , the risk of ASCVD also grows.After adjustment for traditional risk factors , PDR is still associated with the risk of prevalent ASCVD.

TaqMan Real-time RT-PCR Assay for Detecting and Differentiating Japanese Encephalitis Virus / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) rapidly and distinguish its genotypes, a TaqMan-based reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection system was developed.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By aligning the full-length sequences of JEV (G1-G5), six sets of highly specific TaqMan real-time RT-PCR primers and probes were designed based on the highly conserved NS1, NS2, and M genes of JEV, which included one set for non-specific JEV detection and five sets for the detection of specific JEV genotypes. Twenty batches of mosquito samples were used to evaluate our quantitative PCR assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With the specific assay, no other flavivirus were detected. The lower limits of detection of the system were 1 pfu/mL for JEV titers and 100 RNA copies/µL. The coefficients of variation of this real-time RT-PCR were all < 2.8%. The amplification efficiency of this method was between 90% and 103%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A TaqMan real-time RT-PCR detection system was successfully established to detect and differentiate all five JEV genotypes.</p>

The Relationship between Japanese Encephalitis and Environmental Factors in China Explored Using National Surveillance Data / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a serious public health issue. This study was undertaken to better understand the relationship between JE distribution and environmental factors in China. JE data from 2005 to 2010 were retrieved from National Notifiable Disease Report System. ArcGIS, remote sensing techniques, and R software was used to exhibit and explore the relationship between JE distribution and environmental factors. Our results indicated that JE cases were mostly concentrated in warm-temperate, semitropical and tropical zones with annual precipitation > 400 mm; Broad-leaved evergreen forest, shrubs, paddy field, irrigated land, dryland, evergreen coniferous forest, and shrubland were risk factors for JE occurrence, and the former five were risk factors for counties with high JE incidence. These findings will inform the effective allocation of limited health resources such as intensive vaccination, surveillance and training in areas with high environmental risk factors.

Neutralizing Antibody Titer Test of Ebola Recombinant Protein Vaccine and Gene Vector Vaccine pVR-GP-FC / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>In previous studies, we immunized mice with Ebola recombinant protein vaccine and gene vector vaccine. Both stimulated high levels of humoral immunity. In this work, we constructed a pseudovirus containing Ebola membrane proteins to verify whether the two immunization strategies can induce neutralizing antibodies in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A pseudovirus containing an Ebola virus membrane protein based on the HIV-1 viral gene sequence was constructed and evaluated using a known neutralizing antibody. The titer of the neutralizing antibody in the sera of mice immunized with the recombinant protein and the gene vector vaccine was examined using a neutralization test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ebola pseudovirus was successfully prepared and applied for neutralizing antibody detection. Immunological experiments showed that recombinant protein GP-Fc and gene vaccine pVR-modGP-Fc had good immunogenicity. The titer of the bound antibody in the serum after 8 weeks of immunization in mice was more than 1:105, and the recombinant protein induced greater humoral immunity. The results of the neutralization test based on the Ebola pseudovirus system demonstrated that both vaccines induced production of protective antibodies, while the gene vaccine induced a higher titer of neutralizing antibodies.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>An Ebola pseudovirus detection system was successfully established and used to evaluate two Ebola vaccines. Both produced good immunogenicity. The findings lay the foundation for the development of new Ebola vaccines and screening for neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.</p>

Celastrol-loaded macrophage membrane camouflaged PEG-PLGA nano-particles for targeted therapy of severe acute pancreatitis in rats / 药学学报

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is characterized by both local and systemic inflammatory responses. This study was designed to develop a site-specific delivery strategy for SAP therapy using celastrol (CLT). First, murine RAW264.7 cells were used as a model of macrophage cell line, cell membranes were obtained by emptying intracellular contents via hypotonic lysing, mechanical membrane disruption, and differential centrifugation. Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether-block-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PEG-PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were then prepared by sonication. With the collected membrane materials, macrophage membrane coated PEG-PLGA NPs (RNPs) were then prepared by extrusion through a 400 nm polycarbonate membrane. Biodistribution study in rats with SAP showed RNPs selectively accumulated in the inflamed pancreatic tissues. Compared with CLT loaded NPs, CLT loaded RNPs were proven to effectively attenuate local pancreatic inflammation and systemic inflammation in rats with SAP.

Magnetic biochar combining adsorption and separation recycle for removal of chromium in aqueous solution.

Biochar has been developed in recent years for the removal of contaminants such as Cr (VI) in water. The enhancement of the adsorption capacity of biochar and its recyclable use are still challenges. In this study, magnetic biochar derived from corncobs and peanut hulls was synthesized under different pyrolysis temperatures after pretreating the biomass with a low concentration of 0.5 M FeCl3 solution. The morphology, specific surface area, saturation magnetization and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra were characterized for biochar. The magnetic biochar performed well in combining adsorption and separation recycle for the removal of Cr (VI) in water. The Cr (VI) adsorbance of the biochar was increased with the increase in pyrolysis temperature, and the magnetic biochar derived from corncobs showed better performance for both magnetization and removal of Cr (VI) than that from peanut hulls. The Langmuir model was used for the isothermal adsorption and the maximum Cr (VI) adsorption capacity of corncob magnetic biochar pyrolyzed at 650 °C reached 61.97 mg/g. An alkaline solution (0.1 M NaOH) favored the desorption of Cr (VI) from the magnetic biochar, and the removal of Cr (VI) still remained around 77.6% after four cycles of adsorption-desorption. The results showed that corncob derived magnetic biochar is a potentially efficient and recoverable adsorbent for remediation of heavy metals in water.