[The effect of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels on the migration of pericytes in the mice of senile cochlear stria vascularis].

Objective: To investigate whether large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (BK(Ca)) was involved in the migration of pericytes (PC) in the mice of senile cochlear stria vascularis capillaries PC. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were divided into 3-month (n=10) and 12-month groups (n=10). Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was used to test the hearing threshold of each group. The immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression changes of osteopontin (OPN) and ß-BK(Ca) channels on cochlear stria vascularis PC. The morphological changes of perivascular cells in cochlea were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Cell experiment: The PC, which were in the stria vascularis of the cochlea were primary cultured and identified. A cell senile model was made with D-gal. The appropriate intervention concentration of low galactose (D-gal) was determined by CCK8. ß-galactosidase (SA-ß-gal) staining was used to evaluate the cell decrept level. The change of BK(Ca) channels current on PC were recorded by whole cell patch clamp technique. The expression of BK(Ca) channels on PC was detected by immunofluorescence. The migration and invasion ability of two groups were detected by using Scratch test and Transwell. The levels of OPN and ß-BK(Ca) channels were detected by Western blot. SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The ABR threshold in the 12-month group was higher than 3-month group (t=12.66, P<0.01). In the 12-month group, the expression of ß-BK(Ca) channel was lower and the expression of OPN was increased (t=14.64, P<0.01; t=20.73, P<0.01). In TEM, cochlear stria vascularis PC were tightly connected to endothelial cells in 3-month group, while PC were loosely connected to endothelial cells or PC soma were separated from the capillary in 12-month group. Cell experiment: The positive rate of PC in the primary cultured cochlear stria vascularis is above 95%. Compared with the SA-ß-gal stained cells in the control group, the positive rate of 15 mg/ml D-gal intervention PC was 85% (t=36.90, P<0.01). Whole cell patch clamp BK(Ca) channels current decreased in the D-gal group compared with the young group PC (t=12.18, P<0.05). The OPN expression in the senile group was higher than control group (t=16.30, P<0.01), while the ß-BK(Ca) channels expression was decreased (t=11.98, P<0.01; t=15.72, P<0.05), and migration ability raised (t=7.91, P<0.01;t=7.59, P<0.01). After intervened of BK(Ca) channels specific blocker IBTX in the D-gal group, the expression of OPN and migration were increased (t=4.26, P<0.05; t=5.88, P<0.01; t=21.97, P<0.01). Conclusion: PC migration capacity were increased during the senile period, and the expression of ß-BK(Ca) channel was decreased. The administration of IBTX, a specific blocker of BK(Ca) channel, at the cell level could increase the migration capacity, suggesting that BK(Ca) might be involved in the migration of PC in the stria vascularis of the aging cochlea.

[Clinical analysis of 5 cases of acute poisoning by inhalation of hydrochlogen chloride].

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics caused by acute poisoning by inhalation of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and to raise awareness and treatment level of the disease. Methods: The clinical manifestations, imaging features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of 5 patients with acute HCl poisoning were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Among the 5 cases of HCl poisoning, 2 cases were severe poisoning, 3 cases were moderate poisoning. All patients were treated with corticosteroids and symptomatic treatment, one of them was treated with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) . All patients were recovered and discharged from hospital. Conclusion: The lung damage of acute poisoning by inhalation of HCl is rapidly progressing, early detection and timely medical treatment can obtain a better prognosis.

The activities of the Tokyo Center.

The main World Health Organization (WHO) activities of the Tokyo Center are as follows: (1) It performed the research project entitled 'A Bio-Psycho-Social Study on Children with Emotional and Behavioral Problems' in cooperation with the Beijing and Seoul Centers from 1985 to 1987. These results suggested that the deviant behavior of children in the general population had no biological background, but presumably stemmed from psychosocial disadvantages. (2) It has participated in a field trial for the proposed draft for chapter V of the ICD-10 as the Field Trial Coordinating Center in Japan since 1986 and the first Japanese edition of the ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines were published in 1993. (3) It proposed the collaborative project exploratory eye movements in patients with schizophrenia in 1989 and has promoted the project with the cooperation of six centers that included Beijing, Casablanca, Montreal, Munich, Prague and Sapporo. The findings of the present project indicated that exploratory eye movements may be specific to schizophrenia and can be practically used to discriminate schizophrenia without significantly depending on language.

Who seeks mental health care in China? Diagnoses of Chinese outpatients according to DSM-III criteria and the Chinese classification system.

The authors gave DSM-III diagnoses to 116 Chinese psychiatric outpatients in Shanghai and compared them with the diagnoses of the same patients made by a Chinese psychiatrist according to Chinese criteria. Affective disorders were the most common DSM-III diagnoses, accounting for 26.7% of the sample. A full range of psychopathology, including schizophrenia, organic mental disorders, adjustment disorders, anxiety disorders, and paranoid disorders, was seen. Some consistent differences in diagnosis by Chinese and Western standards, especially in the area of major depression, were found. The authors discuss the implications for interpreting psychiatric studies from China and for future cross-cultural research comparing U.S. and Chinese diagnoses.