SnO2 Interacted with Sodium Thiosulfate for Perovskite Solar Cells over 25% Efficiency.

Tin oxide (SnO2) as electron transportation layer (ETL) has demonstrated remarkable performance applied in perovskite solar cells but still accommodated a host of defects such as oxygen vacancies, uncoordinated Sn4+ , and absorbed hydroxyl groups. Here, we use inorganic sodium thiosulfate Na2S2O3 to modify SnO2 nanoparticles in a bulk blending manner. Strong interaction between Na2S2O3 and SnO2 occurs, as reflected from the elemental chemical state change. The interaction has endowed the SnO2 film with better uniformity, increased conductivity, and more matched energy level with perovskite. Moreover, the modified SnO2 film as a substrate could promote the crystallization of perovskite by suppressing unreacted residual PbI2. The trap density from perovskite bulk to the SnO2 film across their interface has been effectively reduced, thus inhibiting the nonradiative recombination and promoting the transportation and extraction of charge carriers. Finally, the solar cell based on modified SnO2 has achieved a champion efficiency of 25.2%, demonstrating the effectiveness and potential of sulfur-containing molecules on optimizing the SnO2 property.

The white lupin trehalase gene LaTRE1 regulates cluster root formation and function under phosphorus deficiency.

Under phosphorus (P) deficiency, white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) forms specialized root structure, called cluster root (CR), to improve soil exploration and nutrient acquisition. Sugar signaling is thought to play a vital role in the development of CR. Trehalose and its associated metabolites are the essential sugar signal molecules that link growth and development to carbon metabolism in plants, however, their roles in the control of CR are still unclear. Here, we investigated the function of the trehalose metabolism pathway by pharmacological and genetic manipulation of the activity of trehalase in white lupin, the only enzyme that degrades trehalose into glucose. Under P deficiency, validamycin A treatment, which inhibits trehalase, led to the accumulation of trehalose and promoted the formation of CR with enhanced organic acid production, whereas overexpression of the white lupin TREHALASE1 (LaTRE1) led to decreased trehalose levels, lateral rootlet density, and organic acid production. Transcriptomic and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) results revealed that LaTRE1 negatively regulates the formation of CRs, at least partially, by the suppression of LaLBD16, whose putative ortholog in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) acts downstream of ARF7- and ARF19-dependent auxin signaling in lateral root formation. Overall, our findings provide an association between the trehalose metabolism gene LaTRE1 and CR formation and function with respect to organic acid production in white lupin under P deficiency.

Orientation Manipulation and Defect Passivation for Perovskite Solar Cells by a Natural Compound.

Different facets in perovskite crystals exhibit distinct atomic arrangements, influencing their electronic, physical, and chemical properties. Perovskite films incorporating tin oxide (SnO2) as the electron transport layer face challenges in facet regulation. This study reveals that tea saponin (TS), a natural compound serves as a SnO2 modifier, facilitates optimal growth of perovskite crystals on the (111) facet. The modification promotes preferential crystal orientation through hydrogen bond and Lewis coordination. TS forms a chelate with SnO2, resulting in a smoother film and n-type doping, leading to improved carrier extraction and reduced defects. The TS-modified perovskite solar cells achieve a champion efficiency of 24.2%, leveraging from an obvious enhancement of open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.18 V and fill factor (FF) of 82.8%. The devices also demonstrate enhanced humidity tolerance and storage stability, ensuring improved stability without encapsulation.

Sensitive electrochemical flow injection analysis of H2O2 released from cells with a pass-through mode.

Conventional plate electrodes were commonly used in electrochemical flow injection analysis and only part of molecules diffused to the plane of electrodes could be detected, which would limit the performance of electrochemical detection. In this study, a low-cost native stainless steel wire mesh (SSWM) electrode was integrated into a 3D-printed device for electrochemical flow injection analysis with a pass-through mode, which is different compared with previous flow-through mode. This strategy was applied for sensitive analysis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) released from cells. Under the optimal conditions (the applied potentials, the flow rate and the sample volume), the device exhibits high sensitivity toward H2O2. Linear relationships could be achieved between electrochemical responses and the concentration of H2O2 ranging from 1 nM to 1 mM. The excellent analytical performance of the SSWM-based device could be attributed to the pass-through mode based on the mesh microstructure and intrinsic catalytic properties for H2O2 by stainless steel. This approach could be further successfully extended for screening of H2O2 released from HeLa cells with electrochemical responses linear to the number of cells in a range of 3 - 1.35 × 104 cells with an injection volume of 30 µL. This study revealed the potential of mesh electrodes in electrochemical flow injection analysis for cellular function and pathology and its possible extension in cell counting and on-line analysis.

Unsupervised Machine Learning Revealed that Repeat Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is More Suitable for Stroke Patients with Statin.

INTRODUCTION: Repeat transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) demonstrates beneficial effects for stroke patients, though its efficacy varies due to the complexity of patient conditions and disease progression. Unsupervised machine learning could be the optimal solution for identifying target patients for transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment. METHODS: We collected data from ischaemic stroke patients treated with rTMS. Unsupervised machine learning methods, including K-means and Hierarchical Clustering, were used to explore the clinical characteristics of patients suitable for rTMS. We then utilized a prospective observational cohort to validate the effect of selected characteristics. For the validated cohort, outcomes included the presence of motor evoked potentials (MEP), favorable functional outcomes (FFO), and changes in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) at 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Hierarchical clustering methods revealed that patients in the better prognosis group were more likely to take statins. The validated cohort was grouped based on statin intake. Patients taking statins exhibited a higher rate of MEP (p = 0.006), a higher rate of FFO at 3 months (p = 0.003) and 6 months (p = 0.021), and a more significant change in FMA (p < 0.001) at both 3 and 6 months. Statin intake was associated with FFO and changes in FMA at 3 and 6 months. This relationship persisted across all subgroups for FMA changes and some FFO subgroups. CONCLUSION: Stroke patients undergoing rTMS treatment taking statins exhibited greater MEP, FFO, and changes in FMA. Statin intake was associated with a better prognosis in these patients.

The greener the living environment, the better the health? Examining the effects of multiple green exposure metrics on physical activity and health among young students.

The sedentary and less active lifestyle of modern college students has a significant impact on the physical and mental well-being of the college community. Campus Green Spaces (GSs) are crucial in promoting physical activity and improving students' health. However, previous research has focused on evaluating campuses as a whole, without considering the diverse spatial scenarios within the campus environment. Accordingly, this study focused on the young people's residential scenario in university and constructed a framework including a comprehensive set of objective and subjective GSs exposure metrics. A systematic, objective exposure assessment framework ranging from 2D (GSs areas), and 2.5D (GSs visibility) to 3D (GSs volume) was innovatively developed using spatial analysis, deep learning technology, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) measurement technology. Subjective exposure metrics incorporated GSs visiting frequency, GSs visiting duration, and GSs perceived quality. Our cross-sectional study was based on 820 university students in Nanjing, China. Subjective measures of GSs exposure, physical activity, and health status were obtained through self-reported questionnaires. The Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was used to evaluate the associations between GSs exposure, physical activity, and perceived health. Physical activity and social cohesion were considered as mediators, and path analysis based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to disentangle the mechanisms linking GSs exposure to the health status of college students. We found that (1) 2D indicator suggested significant associations with health in the 100m buffer, and the potential underlying mechanisms were: GSs area → Physical activity → Social cohesion → Physical health → Mental health; GSs area → Physical activity → Social cohesion → Mental health. (2) Subjective GSs exposure indicators were more relevant in illustrating exposure-response relationships than objective ones. This study can clarify the complex nexus and mechanisms between campus GSs, physical activity, and health, and provide a practical reference for health-oriented campus GSs planning.

Wetland Destruction in a Headwater River Leads to Disturbing Decline of In-stream Nitrogen Removal.

Wetlands have long been recognized as efficient nitrogen (N) processing systems. While widespread interest is in constructing wetlands to mitigate N pollution, there is a dearth of information about the environmental consequences following wetland dismantlement. This study elucidated the changing trajectories of water quality and N removal capacity in a headwater river that initially contained a series of constructed wetlands but later underwent wetland destruction. An estimated 17% surge in total N concentration has been reported since the wetlands' destruction. This adverse trend is primarily attributed to a weakened in-stream N removal capacity, which was reduced to a mere 25% of the levels observed when the wetlands were operational. Further analysis confirms that the presence of wetlands actively shapes desirable environmental settings for N processing. In stark contrast, wetland destruction leads to unfavorable environmental conditions, which not only restrain in-stream anaerobic metabolisms but also trigger algal proliferation and biological N fixation. Collectively, this research provides compelling evidence of the detrimental consequences associated with wetland destruction, emphasizing the need for remedial strategies to mitigate these negative effects.

Identification of copy number variations among fetuses with isolated ultrasound soft markers in pregnant women not of advanced maternal age.

BACKGROUND: Pathogenic (P) copy number variants (CNVs) may be associated with second-trimester ultrasound soft markers (USMs), and noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) can enable interrogate the entire fetal genome to screening of fetal CNVs. This study evaluated the clinical application of NIPS for detecting CNVs among fetuses with USMs in pregnant women not of advanced maternal age (AMA). RESULTS: Fetal aneuploidies and CNVs were identified in 6647 pregnant women using the Berry Genomics NIPS algorithm.Those with positive NIPS results underwent amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis. The NIPS and prenatal diagnosis results were analyzed and compared among different USMs. A total of 96 pregnancies were scored positive for fetal chromosome anomalies, comprising 37 aneuploidies and 59 CNVs. Positive predictive values (PPVs) for trisomy 21, trisomy 18, trisomy 13, and sex chromosome aneuploidies were 66.67%, 80.00%, 0%, and 30.43%, respectively. NIPS sensitivity for aneuploidies was 100%. For CNVs, the PPVs were calculated as 35.59% and false positive rate of 0.57%. There were six P CNVs, two successfully identified by NIPS and four missed, of which three were below the NIPS resolution limit and one false negative. The incidence of aneuploidies was significantly higher in fetuses with absent or hypoplastic nasal bone, while that of P CNVs was significantly higher in fetuses with aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA), compared with other groups. CONCLUSIONS: NIPS yielded a moderate PPV for CNVs in non-AMA pregnant women with fetal USM. However, NIPS showed limited ability in identifying P CNVs. Positive NIPS results for CNVs emphasize the need for further prenatal diagnosis. We do not recommend the use of NIPS for CNVs screening in non-AMA pregnant women with fetal USM, especially in fetuses with ARSA.

Tislelizumab in advanced/metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: health-related quality of life in Asian patients.

OBJECTIVE: Post-hoc analysis examined health-related quality of life and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) symptoms in the Asian subgroup of patients in RATIONALE-302 (NCT03430843). METHODS: Patients were randomized 1:1 to either tislelizumab or investigator-chosen chemotherapy (paclitaxel, docetaxel, or irinotecan). Health-related quality of life was measured using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and the QLQ-OES18. Least-squares mean score changes from baseline to weeks 12 and 18 in health-related quality-of-life scores were assessed using a mixed model for repeated measurements. Reported nominal p-values are for descriptive purposes only. RESULTS: Of the 512 patients, this analysis was conducted in 392 Asian patients (tislelizumab, n = 192; investigator-chosen chemotherapy, n = 200). The tislelizumab arm had stable global health status/quality of life, but fatigue scores worsened in both arms. The change from baseline was similar for physical functioning in both arms at weeks 12 and 18. Eating and dysphagia scores remained stable in the tislelizumab arm. Reflux improved at week 12 in the tislelizumab arm and worsened in the investigator-chosen chemotherapy arm. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the health-related quality of life and ESCC-related symptoms of patients receiving tislelizumab in the Asian subgroup remained stable or improved, while patients receiving investigator-chosen chemotherapy experienced worsening. These results in Asian patients corroborate the findings in the intent-to-treat population, suggesting tislelizumab is a potential new second-line treatment option for patients with advanced or metastatic ESCC. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The RATIONALE-302 study is registered on clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03430843.

Boosting Bifunctional Catalysis by Integrating Active Faceted Intermetallic Nanocrystals and Strained Pt-Ir Functional Shells.

PtIr-based nanostructures are fascinating materials for application in bifunctional oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysis. However, the fabrication of PtIr nanocatalysts with clear geometric features and structural configurations, which are crucial for enhancing the bifunctionality, remains challenging. Herein, PtCo@PtIr nanoparticles are precisely designed and fabricated with a quasi-octahedral PtCo nanocrystal as a highly atomically ordered core and an ultrathin PtIr atomic layer as a compressively strained shell. Owing to their geometric and core-shell features, the PtCo@PtIr nanoparticles deliver approximately six and eight times higher mass and specific activities, respectively, as an ORR catalyst than a commercial Pt/C catalyst. The half-wave potential of PtCo@PtIr exhibits a negligible decrease by 9 mV after 10 000 cycles, indicating extraordinary ORR durability because of the ordered arrangement of Pt and Co atoms. When evaluated using the ORR-OER dual reaction upon the introduction of Ir, PtCo@PtIr exhibits a small ORR-OER overpotential gap of 679 mV, demonstrating its great potential as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for fabricating fuel cells. The findings pave the way for designing precise intermetallic core-shell nanocrystals as highly functional catalysts.

Risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events after coronary artery bypass grafting using radial artery grafts.

Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting using radial artery grafts (RA-CABG) has improved long-term outcomes. However, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE-4, including all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and repeat revascularization) after RA-CABG still occur and the predictors remain uncertain. This study aimed to detect independent risk factors of MACE-4 after RA-CABG. Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study (NCT04935086) conducted among patients who underwent primary isolated RA-CABG between 2009 and 2019 in our center. Baseline characteristics, procedure characteristics, and medication use were compared to identify the independent predictors of MACE-4, all-cause death, and myocardial infarction (MI) with univariate and then multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 370 patients were analyzed using a mean follow-up duration of 48.8 ± 41.0 months. MACE-4, all-cause death, and MI occurred in 102 (27.6%), 27 (7.3%), and 66 patients (17.8%), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed prior MI (OR = 2.12, 95%CI 1.05-4.25, P = 0.04) and RA to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) (non-left internal mammary artery to LAD) (OR = 4.87, 95%CI 1.41-16.82, P = 0.01) as independent predictors of MACE-4 after surgery. Female (OR = 4.53, 95%CI 1.06-19.41, P = 0.04), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40% (OR = 21.00, 95%CI 1.20-368.35, P = 0.04), and RA to LAD (OR = 8.55, 95%CI 1.35-54.10, P = 0.02) were independent predictors of all-cause death. Prior MI (OR = 3.11, 95%CI 1.40-6.94, P = 0.006) emerged as an independent predictor of MI. Conclusion: Our data suggested that prior MI and RA to LAD were independent predictors of MACE-4 after RA-CABG. Being female, having an LVEF < 40% and RA to LAD indicated death. Prior MI indicated new MI.

Maternal, neonatal, pregnancy outcome characteristics of pregnant women with high plasma cell-free DNA concentration in non-invasive prenatal screening: a retrospective analysis.

Objective: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a useful biomarker in various clinical contexts. Herein, we aimed to identify maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes associated with a failed NIPS test due to high cfDNA concentrations. Methods: A retrospective study of cases with high plasma cfDNA concentration in pregnant women in which NIPS test was performed (from 174,318 cases). We reported the detection of 126 cases (118 with complete clinical information) in which the high amount of cfDNA did not allow the performance of NIPS and study the possible causes of this result. Results: 622 (0.35%) of 174,318 pregnant women had failed the NIPS test, including 126 (20.3%) cases with high plasma cfDNA concentrations. The failed NIPS due to high plasma cfDNA concentrations was associated with maternal diseases and treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). Further follow-up of the 118 pregnant women in the case group revealed that the pregnancy outcomes included 31 premature deliveries, 21 abortions. The cfDNA concentrations of pregnant women with preterm deliveries were 1.15 (0.89, 1.84), which differed significantly from those who had full-term deliveries. Conclusions: Among pregnant women with high cfDNA concentrations, systemic autoimmune diseases, pregnancy complications and LMWH were associated with increased incidence of failed NIPS test. High maternal cfDNA concentrations may not be associated with chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. However, they should be alerted to the possibility of preterm births and stillbirths. Further clinical studies on pregnant women with high cfDNA concentrations are required.

Adaptation of high-efficiency CRISPR/Cas9-based multiplex genome editing system in white lupin by using endogenous promoters.

White lupin (Lupinus albus L.) is an important crop with high phosphorus (P) use efficiency; however, technologies for its functional genomic and molecular analyses are limited. Cluster regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) (CRISPR/Cas9) system has been applied to gene editing and function genomics in many crops, but its application in white lupin has not been well documented. Here, we adapted the CRISPR/Cas9-based multiplex genome editing system by using the native U3/U6 and ubiquitin (UBQ) promoters to drive sgRNAs and Cas9. Two target sites (T1 and T2) within the Lalb_Chr05g0223881 gene, encoding a putative trehalase, were selected to validate its efficacy in white lupin based on the Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation. We found that the T0 hairy roots were efficiently mutated at T1 and T2 with a frequency of 6.25%-35% and 50%-92.31%, respectively. The mutation types include nucleotide insertion, deletion, substitution, and complicated variant. Simultaneous mutations of the two targets were also observed with a range of 6.25%-35%. The combination of LaU6.6 promoter for sgRNA and LaUBQ12 promoter for Cas9 generated the highest frequency of homozygous/biallelic mutations at 38.46%. In addition, the target-sgRNA sequence also contributes to the editing efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in white lupin. In conclusion, our results expand the toolbox of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and benefit the basic research in white lupin.

Observations of a black hole x-ray binary indicate formation of a magnetically arrested disk.

Accretion of material onto a black hole drags any magnetic fields present inwards, increasing their strength. Theory predicts that sufficiently strong magnetic fields can halt the accretion flow, producing a magnetically arrested disk (MAD). We analyzed archival multiwavelength observations of an outburst from the black hole x-ray binary MAXI J1820+070 in 2018. The radio and optical fluxes were delayed compared with the x-ray flux by about 8 and 17 days, respectively. We interpret this as evidence for the formation of a MAD. In this scenario, the magnetic field is amplified by an expanding corona, forming a MAD around the time of the radio peak. We propose that the optical delay is due to thermal viscous instability in the outer disk.

Maternal and fetal factors influencing fetal fraction: A retrospective analysis of 153,306 pregnant women undergoing noninvasive prenatal screening.

Background: Genetic factors are important causes of birth defects. Noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) is widely used for prenatal screening of trisomy 21, trisomy 18, and trisomy 13, which are the three most common fetal aneuploidies. Fetal fraction refers to the proportion of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma, which can influence the accuracy of NIPS. Elucidating the factors that influence fetal fraction can provide guidance for the interpretation of NIPS results and genetic counseling. However, there is currently no broad consensus on the known factors that influence fetal fraction. Objective: The study aimed to explore the maternal and fetal factors influencing fetal fraction. Methods: A total of 153,306 singleton pregnant women who underwent NIPS were included. Data on gestational age; maternal age; body mass index (BMI); z-scores for chromosomes 21, 18, and 13; and fetal fraction in NIPS were collected from the study population, and the relationships between fetal fraction and these factors were examined. The relationship between fetal fraction and different fetal trisomy types was also analyzed. Results: The results showed that the median gestational age, maternal age, and BMI of the pregnant women were 18 (16, 20) weeks, 29 (25, 32) years, and 22.19 (20.40, 24.24) kg/m2, respectively. The median fetal fraction was 11.62 (8.96, 14.7)%. Fetal fraction increased with gestational age and decreased with maternal age and BMI (P < 0.001). Fetal fraction of fetuses with trisomies 21, 18, and 13 was similar to that of the NIPS-negative group. The z-scores of pregnant women with trisomy 21 and 18 fetuses were positively correlated with fetal fraction, but not with that of the trisomy 13 cases. Conclusions: The factors that influence fetal fraction need to be taken into consideration before NIPS for quality control and after NIPS for result interpretation.

Tuning Carbon Defect in Copper Single-Atom Catalysts for Efficient Oxygen Reduction.

Defect chemistry in carbon matrix shows great potential for promoting the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of metal single-atom catalysts. Herein, a modified pyrolysis strategy is proposed to tune carbon defects in copper single-atom catalysts (Cu-SACs) to fully understand their positive effect on the ORR activity. The optimized Cu-SACs with controllable carbon defect degree and enhanced active specific surface area can exhibit improved ORR activity with a half-wave potential of 0.897 VRHE , ultrahigh limiting current density of 6.5 mA cm-2 , and superior turnover frequency of 2.23 e site-1 s-1 . The assembled Zn-air batteries based on Cu-SACs can also show well-retained reversibility and voltage platform over 1100 h charge/discharge period. Density functional theory calculations reveal that suitable carbon defects can redistribute charge density of Cu-N4 active sites to weaken the O-O bond in adsorbed OOH* intermediate and thus reduce its dissociation energy. This discovery offers a universal strategy for fabricating superior single-atom catalysts with high-efficiency active sites toward energy-directed applications.

MoS2/NiSe2/rGO Multiple-Interfaced Sandwich-like Nanostructures as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting.

Constructing a heterogeneous interface using different components is one of the effective measures to achieve the bifunctionality of nanocatalysts, while synergistic interactions between multiple interfaces can further optimize the performance of single-interface nanocatalysts. The non-precious metal nanocatalysts MoS2/NiSe2/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) bilayer sandwich-like nanostructure with multiple well-defined interfaces is prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. MoS2 and rGO are layered nanostructures with clear boundaries, and the NiSe2 nanoparticles with uniform size are sandwiched between both layered nanostructures. This multiple-interfaced sandwich-like nanostructure is prominent in catalytic water splitting with low overpotential for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and almost no degradation in performance after a 20 h long-term reaction. In order to simulate the actual overall water splitting process, the prepared nanostructures are assembled into MoS2/NiSe2/rGO||MoS2/NiSe2/rGO modified two-electrode system, whose overpotential is only 1.52 mV, even exceeded that of noble metal nanocatalyst (Pt/C||RuO2~1.63 mV). This work provides a feasible idea for constructing multi-interface bifunctional electrocatalysts using nanoparticle-doped bilayer-like nanostructures.

Mixed-Dimensional Pt-Ni Alloy Polyhedral Nanochains as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells.

Pt nanocatalysts play a critical role in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) due to their appropriate adsorption/desorption energy, yet suffer from an unbalanced relationship between size-dependent activity and stability. Herein, mixed-dimensional Pt-Ni alloy polyhedral nanochains (Pt-Ni PNCs) with an ordered assembly of a nanopolyhedra-nanowire-nanopolyhedra architecture are fabricated as bifunctional electrocatalysts for DMFCs, effectively alleviating the size effect. The Pt-Ni PNCs exhibit 7.23 times higher mass activity for the anodic methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) than that of commercial Pt/C. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and CO stripping measurements demonstrate the prominent stability of the Pt-Ni PNCs to resist CO poisoning. For the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), a positive half-wave potential exceeding Pt/C is achieved by the Pt-Ni PNCs, and it can be well maintained for 10 000 cycles with negligible activity decay. The designed nanostructure can alleviate the agglomeration and dissolution problems of 0D small-sized Pt-Ni alloy nanocrystals and enrich surface atom steps and active facets of 1D chain-like nanostructures. This work provides a proposed strategy to improve the catalytic performance of Pt-based nanocatalysts by constructing novel interfacial relationships in mixed dimensions to alleviate the imbalance between catalytic activity and catalytic stability caused by size effects.

Difference and Analysis of Evaluating Psychological Monitors' Interview and Classmates' Being Interviewed About Suicide.

In recent years, suicide has become the leading cause of unnatural death among college students in China. Psychological monitors, as class cadres who manage affairs related to mental health within their classes, are critical in identifying and intervening in psychological crises among their classmates. In China, however, talking about death is a cultural taboo, and many mental health workers have expressed concern about their implementation of interviews about suicide with others. Generally speaking, interviews with suicidal classmates are usually conducted by professional psychological experts and psychological monitors (psychological monitors are non-professional peer counselors in China). Such classmates that have undergone both the aforementioned types of interviews were investigated in this paper. However, this paper focuses on two issues. Firstly, what are the perceptions of classmates who have been interviewed toward the experience of being interviewed by psychological monitors? Secondly, what are the psychological monitors' perceptions of their implementation of interviews about suicide with classmates? In this study, 1,664 classmates who had been interviewed and 1,320 psychological monitors were surveyed by means of an online questionnaire. The results showed that classmates who have been interviewed perceived their experience of being interviewed by a psychological monitor about suicide more positively than the psychological monitors who viewed their implementation of interviews about suicide with classmates. Among the classmates who have been interviewed, three categories of classmates have more positive perceptions of their experience of being interviewed by a psychological monitor about suicide. Category one is males. Category two is those who were willing to seek help from the psychological monitors. Category three is those who had a more correct attitude toward mental illness. Among the psychological monitors, three categories of psychological monitors have more positive perceptions of their implementation of interviews about suicide with classmates. Category one is those who have the experience of implementing interviews with their classmates. Category two is those who have received training. Category three is those who had a more correct attitude toward mental illness. Psychological monitors can interview classmates confidently, and the training of psychological monitors on mental health knowledge should be strengthened in universities.

MNSs-mediated N-glycan processing is essential for auxin homeostasis in Arabidopsis roots during alkaline response.

Early steps in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen and cis-Golgi comprise trimming of N-glycans by class I α-mannosidases (MNSs) play crucial roles in root growth and stress response. Herein, we found that the root growth inhibition in the mns1 mns2 mns3 mutant was partially rescued under alkaline condition, and inhibitor treatment to disrupt auxin transport counteracted this alkaline-maintained root growth. Further study showed that indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels were undetectable in mns1 mns2 mns3 at normal condition and recovered at alkaline condition, which corroborate our N-glycopeptide profiling, from which N-glycopeptides related with IAA biosynthesis, amino acid conjugates hydrolysis, and response showed differential abundance between normal and alkaline conditions in mns1 mns2 mns3. Overall, our results linked the need for MNSs-mediated N-glycan processing in the ER and cis-Golgi with maintenance of auxin homeostasis and transport in Arabidopsis roots during the response to alkaline stress.