The Usage of Mesh and Relevant Prognosis in Implant Breast Reconstruction Surgery: A Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Although mesh-based implant breast reconstruction surgery is emerging as the primary surgical procedure for breast reconstruction, mesh use remains controversial in implant breast reconstruction surgery, especially in terms of how to select the ideal mesh. Our aim is to elaborate relevant prognosis in the mesh-based implant breast reconstruction surgery. METHODS: Relevant studies were identified from PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane library searches. Extracted data included study type, basic characteristics, mesh information, complications, etc. We analyzed the included cohort studies and randomized controlled trials that reported mesh-related implant breast reconstruction complications and breast quality scale scores. RESULTS: A total of 32 studies including 7475 subjects were included. The results showed that the overall complication rate was 2.07 times higher in the biological mesh group than in the synthetic mesh group (risk ratio [RR]: 2.07, 95% CI 1.14-3.78). The risk of seroma was 4.50 times higher in the biological mesh group than in the synthetic mesh group (RR: 4.50, 95% CI 2.27-8.95). In terms of comparing breast quality scale scores, the mesh group had scores that were 1.49 (95% CI 0.19-2.78) higher than the non-mesh group for "physical well-being" and 2.05 (95% CI 0.08-4.02) higher for "sexual well-being." CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that the risk of total complications was higher with biological mesh than with synthetic mesh in implant breast reconstruction surgery. Based on short-term cost, healthcare burden, and healthcare benefits, synthetic meshes are superior to biological meshes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Global research trends and prospects related to tumor microenvironment within Triple Negative Breast Cancer: a bibliometric analysis.

Background and aims: The tumor microenvironment (TME) has pivotal parts within multiple tumor models of onset/progression, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This bibliometric analysis was developed to explore trends and research niches revolving around TME in TNBC. Methods: Web of Science Core Collection was queried for identifying studies linked with TME in TNBC, after which the VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and R software programs were used to conduct bibliometric analyses and to generate corresponding visualizations. Results: In total, this study included 1,604 studies published from 2005-2023. The USA and China exhibited the highest numbers of citations, and the research institutions with the greatest output in this field included Harvard University, the University of Texas System, and Fudan University. Ying Wang from Sun Yat-Sen University was the most published and most cited author in this space. The highest number of articles were published in Cancer, while the greatest co-citation number was evident in Breast Cancer Research. Important keywords related to this research topic included metastasis, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and nanoparticles. In particular, pembrolizumab, immunotherapy, nanoparticles, combination treatment, and biomarkers were topics of marked interest in recent reports. Conclusion: The TME in TNBC is an area of rapidly growing and evolving research interest, with extensive global collaboration helping to drive this field forward. Antitumor therapies targeting the TME in TNBC patients represent an emerging topic of future research, providing opportunities for translational findings. The results of this analysis may provide additional guidance for work focused on the TME in TNBC.

Angiogenesis and flap-related research: A bibliometric analysis.

Adequate blood supply, a prerequisite for flap survival after grafting, makes angiogenesis of the flap the biggest problem to be solved. Researches have been conducted around vascularisation in correlation with flap grafting. However, bibliometric analyses systematically examining this research field are lacking. As such, we herein sought to conduct comprehensive comparative analyses of the contributions of different researchers, institutions, and countries to this research space in an effort to identify trends and hotspots in angiogenesis and vascularisation in the context of flap grafting. Publications pertaining to angiogenesis and vascularisation in the context of flap grafting were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. References were then analysed and plotted using Microsoft Excel 2019, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace V. In total, 2234 papers that were cited 40 048 times (17.63 citations/paper) were included in this analysis. The greatest number of studies were from the United States, with these studies exhibiting both the highest number of citations (13 577) and the greatest overall H-index (60). For The institutions that published the greatest number of studies were WENZHOU MEDICAL UNIVERSITY (681), while UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG has the highest number of citations (1458), and SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY holds the greatest overall H-index (20). The greatest number of studies in this research space were published by Gao WY, while Horch RE was the most commonly cited researcher in the field. The VOS viewer software clustered relevant keywords into three clusters, with clusters 1, 2, 3, and 4 corresponding to studies in which the keywords 'anatomy', 'survival', 'transplantation', 'therapy' most frequently appeared. The most promising research hotspot-related terms in this field included 'autophagy', 'oxidative stress', 'ischemia/reperfusion injury', which exhibited a most recent average appearing year (AAY) of 2017 and after. Generally speaking, the results of this analysis indicate that the number of articles exploring angiogenesis and flap-related research has risen steadily, with the United States and China being the two countries publishing the greatest proportion of studies in this field. The overall focus of these studies has shifted away from 'infratest and tissue engineering' towards 'mechanisms'. In the future, particular attention should be paid to emerging research hotspots, which include 'ischemia/reperfusion injury' and treatments for promoting vascularization, such as 'platelet-rich plasma'. In light of these findings, funding agencies should continue increasing their investment in the exploration of the concrete mechanisms and interventional therapeutic relevance of angiogenesis during flap transplantation.

Quasi-One-Dimensional ZrS3 Nanoflakes for Broadband and Polarized Photodetection with High Tuning Flexibility.

Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials with low crystal symmetries have exhibited unique anisotropic physical properties. Here, we report systematic studies on the photoresponse of field effect transistors (FETs) fabricated using quasi-one-dimensional ZrS3 nanoflakes. The as-fabricated phototransistors exhibit a broadband photocurrent response from ultraviolet to visible regions, where the responsivity and detectivity can be enhanced via additional gate voltages. Furthermore, benefiting from the strong in-plane anisotropy of ZrS3, we observe a gate-voltage and illumination wavelength-dependent polarized photocurrent response, while its sub-millisecond-time response speed is also polarization-dependent. Our results demonstrate the flexible tunability of photodetectors based on anisotropic layered semiconductors, which substantially broadens the application of low symmetry layered materials in polarization-sensitive optoelectronic devices.

Strategies to achieve immune tolerance in allogeneic solid organ transplantation.

Organ transplantation is an effective way to treat many end-stage diseases. In order to overcome post-transplant rejection, immunosuppressive agents have been widely used, but the long-term survival of transplanted organs still has not been achieved in the clinic. For decades, tolerance is the "holy grail" that transplant immunologists have longed for. The well-known approaches to induce immune tolerance are through adoptively transferred regulatory T cells and achieving chimeric states. In addition, there are a variety of promising potential strategies, including costimulatory blockade, regulating differentiation of immune cell subgroups, adoptive infusion of immunoregulatory cells, using apoptotic cells to induce tolerance, stem cell regenerative medicine to reconstitute tissue and organs, helminthic therapy, using exosomes carrying phagocytic antigen and phagocytic vesicles to induce tolerance, and blocking CD3 and targeted clearance of memory T cells. In this paper, we review the current developments and the potential of these strategies to achieve transplantation tolerance.

Terahertz dispersion using multi-depth phase modulation grating.

We present a multi-depth phase modulation grating (MPMG) in the terahertz range making real-time multichannel Fourier-transform spectroscopy available in a stationary manner. The calculation of the Fraunhofer diffraction field distribution and diffraction efficiency of an MPMG indicates that the zeroth-order diffraction light of an MPMG carries phase information and its diffraction intensity is modulated by the groove depth. A good agreement is found between the measurements of the 0th- and ±1st-order diffraction efficiency at 0.5 and 0.34 THz and the simulation. The frequencies of the terahertz source retrieved from the zeroth-order diffraction intensity at 0.5, 0.4, and 0.34 THz are identical to the actual frequencies.

Terahertz communication windows and their point-to-point transmission verification: publisher's note.

This publisher's note amends the author affiliations in Appl. Opt.57, 7673 (2018)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.57.007673.

Terahertz communication windows and their point-to-point transmission verification.

Terahertz communication is recognized as a transformational technology that can meet the future demands of point-to-point communication. The study of terahertz atmospheric transmission characteristics is important for guiding the terahertz communication window selection process. In this report, based on the modified ITU-R P.676-10 model, we determined that the terahertz communication windows above 100 GHz were located at the bands at approximately 140, 220, 340, 410, and 460 GHz, which is verified by recent experiments. We also verified the feasibility of indoor point-to-point communication by the 110 m transmission experiment through the communication window around 460 GHz.