Guideline for clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine (2022 version) / 中国中药杂志

Currently,the research or publications related to the clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine are increasing,which attracts the broad attention of all circles. According to the completed clinical evaluation report on Chinese patent medicine,there are still practical problems and technical difficulties such as unclear responsibility of the evaluation organization,unclear evaluation subject,miscellaneous evaluation objects,and incomplete and nonstandard evaluation process. In terms of evaluation standards and specifications,there are different types of specifications or guidelines with different emphases issued by different academic groups or relevant institutions. The professional guideline is required to guide the standardized and efficient clinical comprehensive evaluation of Chinese patent medicine and further improve the authority and quality of evaluation. In combination with the characteristics of Chinese patent medicine and the latest research achievement at home and abroad,the detailed specifications were formulated from six aspects including design,theme selection,content and index,outcome,application and appraisal,and quality control. The guideline was developed based on the guideline development requirements of China Assoication of Chinese medicine. After several rounds of expert consensus and public consultation,the current version of the guideline has been developed.

National Survey on Clinical Pharmacy Services of Tertiary Hospitals in China: Part 2. Staffing of Clinical Pharmacist Team / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To obtain data related to staffing of clinical pharmacist team of tertiary hospitals, find problems in staffing of the team, based on which provide advice on policy formulation. METHODS: A face-to-face interview survey was conducted to collect data on tertiary hospital clinical pharmacists' higher education background, standardized training and employment status which were analyzed with descriptive statistics tools. RESULTS: Respondents' highest degrees are mainly bachelor degree (36.9%) and master degree (54.6%); pharmacy occupies the largest proportion (60.2%) of the undergraduate majors, and medical /pharmaceutical majors beside clinical pharmacy, pharmacy and clinical medicine occupy the largest proportions of master (58.9%) and doctorate (100.0%) majors; the clinical pharmacists' highest standardized training certification are mainly national specialist clinical pharmacist (63.3%), and the type of certification are mainly granted by China's Ministry of Health; professional title of the respondents are mainly primary titles and intermediate title; most respondents' work seniority are shorter than 5 years. CONCLUSION: Educational background, certification of standardized training and clinical experience of clinical pharmacists of tertiary hospitals in China require further improvement.

National Survey on Clinical Pharmacy Services of Tertiary Hospitals in China: Part 4. Related Personnel's Attitudes Toward Clinical Pharmacy Services / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To obtain data related to clinical pharmacy services of tertiary hospitals, find problems within medical workers' and patients' attitudes towards clinical pharmacy services, based on which provide advice on policy formulation. METHODS: A face-to-face interview survey was conducted to collect data on medical workers' and patients' attitudes towards basic conditions of service provision, service items and the career of clinical pharmacist, which was analyzed with descriptive statistics tools. RESULTS: Around 95% of each type of medical workers recognize the value of the clinical pharmacists in clinical departments, and 70%-80% of each type of medical workers recognize the value of clinical pharmacists in outpatient and emergency department; only 69.0% of clinical pharmacists hold positive attitudes towards their career, while 83.3% of other pharmacy workers have intentions to enter the clinical pharmacist career; each service item is needed by 80%-90% of the physicians and 75%-90% of the patients. CONCLUSION: Most hospital leaders, clinical pharmacists, physicians, other pharmacy workers and patients are holding positive attitudes towards and recognitions of clinical pharmacy services and clinical pharmacists in tertiary hospitals.

National Survey on Clinical Pharmacy Services of Second-level Hospitals in China: Part 1. Introduction of Survey and Basic Conditions of Clinical Pharmacy Service Provision / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To obtain data related to clinical pharmacy services of second-level hospitals,find and explore problems in the service system,based on which provide realistic reference for the formulation of relevant policies and norms in clinical pharmaceutical service.METHODS: Field interview and survey were conducted to collect data on management system construction,hardware & facility equipment and professional staffing, etc. which was analyzed with descriptive statistics tools.RESULTS: The results show that 78.1% of the hospital within the sample established clinical pharmacist performance appraisal systems and had management system construction, but only 9.8% of the hospital′s clinical pharmacy services were charged. In terms of hardware & facility equipment, 60.6% of the hospitals applied rational drug use software systems. In terms of professional staffing, each 100 beds were equipped with an average of 5.7 technical pharmaceutical professionals and an average 3.4 full-time clinical pharmacists; however, dispensing remained main duty of technical pharmaceutical professionals.CONCLUSION: There are already certain conditions for anagement system construction,hardware & facility equipment and professional staffing of second-level hospitals in China, but they require further improvement based on the current need for medical services

C-terminal kinesin motor KIFC1 participates in facilitating proper cell division of human seminoma.

C-terminus kinesin motor KIFC1 is known for centrosome clustering in cancer cells with supernumerary centrosomes. KIFC1 crosslinks and glides on microtubules (MT) to assist normal bipolar spindle formation to avoid multi-polar cell division, which might be fatal. Testis cancer is the most common human cancer among young men. However, the gene expression profiles of testis cancer is still not complete and the expression of the C-terminus kinesin motor KIFC1 in testis cancer has not yet been examined. We found that KIFC1 is enriched in seminoma tissues in both mRNA level and protein level, and is specifically enriched in the cells that divide actively. Cell experiments showed that KIFC1 may be essential in cell division, but not essential in metastasis. Based on subcellular immuno-florescent staining results, we also described the localization of KIFC1 during cell cycle. By expressing ΔC-FLAG peptide in the cells, we found that the tail domain of KIFC1 might be essential for the dynamic disassociation of KIFC1, and the motor domain of KIFC1 might be essential for the degradation of KIFC1. Our work provides a new perspective for seminoma research.

A novel role of KIF3b in the seminoma cell cycle.

KIF3b is a protein of the kinesin-2 family which plays an important role in intraflagellar transport. Testis cancer is a common cancer among young men. Its diagnostic rate is increasing and over half of the cases are seminomas. Many aspects of the mechanism and gene expression background of this cancer remain unclear. Using western-blotting and semi-quantitative PCR we found high protein levels of KIF3b enrichment in seminoma tissue despite the mRNA levels remaining equivalent to that of normal testicular tissues. The distribution of KIF3b was mainly in cells with division potential. Wound-healing assays and cell counting kit assays showed that the knockdown of KIF3b significantly suppressed cell migration ability, viability and number in HeLa cells. Immunofluorescence images during the cell cycle revealed that KIF3b tended to gather at the spindles and was enriched at the central spindle. This indicated that KIF3b may also have direct impacts upon spindle formation and cytokinesis. By counting the numbers of nuclei, spindles and cells, we found that the rates of multipolar division and multi-nucleation were raised in KIF3b-knockdown cells. In this way we demonstrate that KIF3b functions importantly in mitosis and may be essential to seminoma cell division and proliferation as well as being necessary for normal cell division.

National Survey on Clinical Pharmacy Services of Tertiary Hospitals in China: Part 1. Introduction of Survey and Basic Conditions of Clinical Pharmacy Service Provision / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To obtain data related to clinical pharmacy services of Tertiary hospitals, find problems in the service system, based on which provide advice on policy formulation. METHODS: A face-to-face interview survey was conducted to collect data on management system construction, hardware & facility equipment and professional staffing, et al which was analyzed with descriptive statistics tools. RESULTS: Only 59.7% of the hospital within the sample established clinical pharmacist performance appraisal systems; 18.4% of the hospital's clinical pharmacy services were charged; 30.0% of the hospitals provided offices for clinical pharmacists; each 100 beds were equipped with an average of 5.6 technical professionals and an average 0.43 clinical pharmacists; most of the professionals' educational background were undergraduate (51.5%) and below undergraduate (28.7%), and most of the professionals' professional titles were primary (53.1%) and intermediate (33.4%); dispensing remained main duty of pharmaceutical professionals(67.4%).CONCLUSION: Management system construction, hardware & facility equipment and professional staffing of tertiary hospitals in China require further improvement.

KIFC1: a promising chemotherapy target for cancer treatment?

The kinesin motor KIFC1 has been suggested as a potential chemotherapy target due to its critical role in clustering of the multiple centrosomes found in cancer cells. In this regard, KIFC1 seems to be non-essential in normal somatic cells which usually possess only two centrosomes. Moreover, KIFC1 is also found to initiatively drive tumor malignancy and metastasis by stabilizing a certain degree of genetic instability, delaying cell cycle and protecting cancer cell surviving signals. However, that KIFC1 also plays roles in other specific cell types complicates the question of whether it is a promising chemotherapy target for cancer treatment. For example, KIFC1 is found functionally significant in vesicular and organelle trafficking, spermiogenesis, oocyte development, embryo gestation and double-strand DNA transportation. In this review we summarize a recent collection of information so as to provide a generalized picture of ideas and mechanisms against and in favor of KIFC1 as a chemotherapy target. And we also drew the conclusion that KIFC1 is a promising chemotherapy target for some types of cancers, because the side-effects of inhibiting KIFC1 mentioned in this review are theoretically easy to avoid, while KIFC1 is functionally indispensable during mitosis and malignancy of multi-centrosome cancer cells. Further investigations of how KIFC1 is regulated throughout the mitosis in cancer cells are needed for the understanding of the pathways where KIFC1 is involved and for further exploitation of indirect KIFC1 inhibitors.