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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the seasonal fluctuations of mosquitoes in Taibai Lake area of Jining City, and evaluate the application effects of two mosquito trapping tools (Gongfu Xiaoshuai mosquito lamp and WJ-C mosquito sampler), so as to provide references for the effective surveillance, prevention and control of local mosquito vectors. METHODS: The overnight capture of mosquitoes with a man-bait net trap, Gongfu Xiaoshuai mosquito lamp, and WJ-C mosquito sampler was performed to collect mosquitoes. The species of adult mosquitoes and seasonal fluctuations were investigated and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 10 914 mosquitoes belonging to 13 species, 5 genera were collected with the overnight capture of mosquitoes with the man-bait net trap, and Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. pipiens palllen and Mansonia uniformis were the dominant species, accounting for 77.41% of the total. The proportion of Coquillettidia ochracea increased significantly. All the adult mosquitoes appeared in June, and reached the density peak in July and August. Both of the two surveillance tools showed relatively sensitive capture performance against mosquitoes. The trapping results of WJ-C mosquito sampler were basically the same as the man-bait trapping method, however, the amount of Mansonia uniformis and Coquillettidia ochracea collected by Gongfu Xiaoshuai mosquito lamp was significantly lower than that of the man-bait trapping method. CONCLUSIONS: The mosquito species are varied in Taibai Lake area of Jining City. Therefore, monitoring should be strengthened. In addition, the two mosquito trapping tools are sensitive, but they have both advantages and disadvantages, thus we should better pay attention to the consistency of monitoring methods in use.
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Culex , Culicidae , Mosquitos Vetores , Estações do Ano , Animais , Culicidae/fisiologia , Controle de Insetos/instrumentação , Lagos , Mosquitos Vetores/fisiologia , Vigilância da PopulaçãoRESUMO
Objective To investigate the seasonal fluctuations of mosquitoes in Taibai Lake area of Jining City,and evaluate the application effects of two mosquito trapping tools(Gongfu Xiaoshuai mosquito lamp and WJ-C mosquito sampler),so as to provide references for the effective surveillance,prevention and control of local mosquito vectors.Methods The overnight cap-ture of mosquitoes with a man-bait net trap,Gongfu Xiaoshuai mosquito lamp,and WJ-C mosquito sampler was performed to col-lect mosquitoes.The species of adult mosquitoes and seasonal fluctuations were investigated and analyzed.Results A total of 10 914 mosquitoes belonging to 13 species,5 genera were collected with the overnight capture of mosquitoes with the man-bait net trap,and Culex tritaeniorhynchus,Cx.pipiens palllen and Mansonia uniformis were the dominant species,accounting for 77.41%of the total.The proportion of Coquillettidia ochracea increased significantly.All the adult mosquitoes appeared in June,and reached the density peak in July and August.Both of the two surveillance tools showed relatively sensitive capture perfor-mance against mosquitoes.The trapping results of WJ-C mosquito sampler were basically the same as the man-bait trapping meth-od,however,the amount of Mansonia uniformis and Coquillettidia ochracea collected by Gongfu Xiaoshuai mosquito lamp was significantly lower than that of the man-bait trapping method.Conclusions The mosquito species are varied in Taibai Lake area of Jining City.Therefore,monitoring should be strengthened.In addition,the two mosquito trapping tools are sensitive,but they have both advantages and disadvantages,thus we should better pay attention to the consistency of monitoring methods in use.
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PURPOSE: Conditional survival (CS) provides important information on survival for a period of time after diagnosis. Currently, information on CS patterns of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is lacking. We aimed to analyze survival rate over time and estimate CS for NPC patients using a national population-based registry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with NPC between 1973 and 2007 with at least 5-year follow-up were identified from the Surveillance Epidemiology End Results registry. Traditional survival rates and crude CS estimateswere calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Risk-adjusted survival curves were plotted from the proportional hazards model using the correct group prognosis method. RESULTS: For 7,713 patients analyzed, adjusted baseline 5-year overall survival improved significantly from 36.0% in patients diagnosed in 1973-1979, 41.7% in 1980-1989, 46.6% in 1990-1999, to 54.7% in 2000-2007 (p < 0.01). CS analysis demonstrated that for every additional year survived, adjusted probability of surviving the next 5 years increased from 66.7% (localized), 54.0% (regional), and 35.3% (distant) at the time of diagnosis, to 83.7% (localized), 75.0% (regional), and 62.2% (distant) for patients who had survived 5 years. Adjusted 5-year CS differed among age, sex, tumor histology, ethnicity, and stage subgroups initially, but converged with time. CONCLUSION: Treatment outcomes of NPC patients have greatly improved over the decades. Increases in CS become more prominent in patients with distant disease than in those with localized or regional disease as patients survive longer. CS provides more dynamic prognostic information for patients who have survived a period of time after diagnosis.
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Humanos , Diagnóstico , Epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Métodos , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Programa de SEER , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Objectives: To analyze and understand the risk factors related to HIV new infections among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: A longitudinal observational study among MSM was conducted to collect information on HIV related behaviors and sero-conversion. Univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to discuss the risk factors for HIV new infection. Results: A total number of 4 305 MSM were followed during 2013-2015. Among those self-reported MSM who are seeking partners on the Interner tended to have higher proportion on receptive anal intercourse and consistent condom use during anal intercourse than the subgroups seeking their partners in gay bars or bathrooms. HIV incidence among followed MSM during the study period appeared as 4.3/100 person years, with adjusted RR (aRR) of HIV infection for receptive anal intercourse as group 2.20 (95% CI: 1.49-3.24) times than that of insertion anal intercourse group. Those who used rush-poppers (aRR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.10-2.17), unprotected anal intercourse (aRR=2.24, 95%CI: 1.62-3.08), and those with syphilis infection (aRR=2.95, 95%CI: 2.00-4.35) were also risk factors for HIV new infections. After controlling other factors, the relationship between the ways of seeking partners and HIV new infection was not statistical significant. Conclusion: Risk factors for HIV new infection among MSM appeared complex and interactive, suggesting that further studies are needed to generate tailored strategies for the prevention of HIV epidemic among MSM population.
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Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos de Coortes , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Homossexualidade Masculina , Incidência , Fatores de Risco , Assunção de Riscos , Comportamento Sexual , Parceiros Sexuais , Minorias Sexuais e de Gênero , Inquéritos e Questionários , Sexo sem ProteçãoRESUMO
Objective To assess the safety, efficacy and the clinical value of endoscopic treatment for duodenal lesions. Methods 59 patients with duodenal lesions were treated by endoscope from December 2012 to December 2016. The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results There were 31 male and 28 female patients, aged 17 ~ 81 (58.2 ± 13.3) years. The lesion location included the duodenal bulb (n = 24, 40.68%) and the descending part (n = 21, 25.42%). The diameter of the lesions ranged from 0.2 to 5.0 (1.4 ± 0.9). Thirty-nine (66.10%) lesions originated from the mucosa, including inflammatory/hyperplastic polyps (n = 18, 30.51%), villous/tubular adenoma (n = 6, 10.17%). Twenty (33.90%) lesions originated from the submucosa, including Brunner's glands adenoma (n = 4, 6.78%), ectopic pancreas (n = 5, 8.47%), lipoma (n = 4, 6.78%). There were 4 delayed bleeding, 5 intraoperative perforation. Two patients received extended surgical resection later, and all the 59 patients showed no recurrence during the followed up (range, 3 ~ 30 months) using endoscopy. Conclusion Endoscopic treatment is a safe, effective, valuable method for the management of duodenal lesions.
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Chigger mites are parasites of rodents and other vertebrates, invertebrates, and other arthropods, and are the only vectors of scrub typhus, in addition to other zoonoses. Therefore, investigating their distribution, diversity, and seasonal abundance is important for public health. Rodent surveillance was conducted at 6 districts in Shandong Province, northern China (114–112°E, 34–38°N), from January to December 2011. Overall, 225/286 (78.7%) rodents captured were infested with chigger mites. A total of 451 chigger mites were identified as belonging to 5 most commonly collected species and 3 genera in 1 family. Leptotrombidium scutellare and Leptotrombidium intermedia were the most commonly collected chigger mites. L. scutellare (66.2%, 36.7%, and 49.0%) was the most frequently collected chigger mite from Apodemus agrarius, Rattus norvegicus, and Microtus fortis, respectively, whereas L. intermedia (61.5% and 63.2%) was the most frequently collected chigger mite from Cricetulus triton and Mus musculus, respectively. This study demonstrated a relatively high prevalence of chigger mites that varied seasonally in Shandong Province, China.
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Animais , Cricetinae , Humanos , Camundongos , Ratos , Artrópodes , Arvicolinae , China , Cricetulus , Invertebrados , Ácaros , Murinae , Netuno , Parasitos , Prevalência , Saúde Pública , Roedores , Tifo por Ácaros , Estações do Ano , Trombiculidae , Vertebrados , ZoonosesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#To conduct an analysis of the epidemiological changes in malaria that have occurred in Shanxian county from 2002 to 2016.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was conducted and data were collected from web-based reporting system to explore the epidemiological characteristics in Shanxian county from 2002 to 2016. All individual case information was obtained from village malaria servicers organized by the local Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases.@*RESULTS@#A total of 133 cases were identified as malaria in Shanxian county during this period, including 124 indigenous cases (93.2%) and 9 imported cases (6.8%). The 124 indigenous malaria cases were infected with Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax), whereas 7 of the 9 confirmed imported cases were infected with Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum), 1 was infected with Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) and 1 patient was infected with P. falciparum mixed with P. vivax. The total number of malaria cases included 86 males (64.7%) and 47 females (35.3%). Age of the patients ranged from 1 to 83 years, although most (64.7%) infections occurred in the 21-to 60-year-old age group. Remarkably, 117 of the total malaria cases (98.0%) were reported from 2006 to 2011. The epidemic season was from June to October, with the peak occurring yearly from July to September. The most common occupation of the infected patients was farmer. In total, 58.1% of the cases occurred in 3 townships, namely, Fugang, Huanggang and Caozhuang.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In Shanxian county, the local malaria incidence experienced an emerge-peak-control-eliminate status. However, due to the numbers of migrant labourers returning from Africa, imported cases were continuous and presented an increasing annual trend, which became a non-negligible and a significant impediment for malaria elimination. Therefore, the need to eliminate instances of malaria reintroduction to receptive malaria-free areas should drive strategies to align with the epidemiological changes.
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Objective To conduct an analysis of the epidemiological changes in malaria that have occurred in Shanxian county from 2002 to 2016. Methods A retrospective study was conducted and data were collected from web-based reporting system to explore the epidemiological characteristics in Shanxian county from 2002 to 2016. All individual case information was obtained from village malaria servicers organized by the local Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases. Results A total of 133 cases were identified as malaria in Shanxian county during this period, including 124 indigenous cases (93.2%) and 9 imported cases (6.8%). The 124 indigenous malaria cases were infected with Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax), whereas 7 of the 9 confirmed imported cases were infected with Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum), 1 was infected with Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) and 1 patient was infected with P. falciparum mixed with P. vivax. The total number of malaria cases included 86 males (64.7%) and 47 females (35.3%). Age of the patients ranged from 1 to 83 years, although most (64.7%) infections occurred in the 21-to 60-year-old age group. Remarkably, 117 of the total malaria cases (98.0%) were reported from 2006 to 2011. The epidemic season was from June to October, with the peak occurring yearly from July to September. The most common occupation of the infected patients was farmer. In total, 58.1% of the cases occurred in 3 townships, namely, Fugang, Huanggang and Caozhuang. Conclusions In Shanxian county, the local malaria incidence experienced an emerge-peak-control-eliminate status. However, due to the numbers of migrant labourers returning from Africa, imported cases were continuous and presented an increasing annual trend, which became a non-negligible and a significant impediment for malaria elimination. Therefore, the need to eliminate instances of malaria reintroduction to receptive malaria-free areas should drive strategies to align with the epidemiological changes.
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Volatile oil components and the contents and types of amino acid in spica of Prunella vulgaris were analysed by GC-MS and amino acid analyzer. Esters, fatty acids, aromatic hydrocarbon, ketone and several alcohol compounds were identified by mass spectrum comparison. In these ingredients, beta-ionone smelled aroma of cedar, raspberry, nerolidol showed weak sweet soft orange blossom flavor, neroli tasted sweet and fresh, nerolidol tasted sweet with light aroma of wood, hexadecanal showed a weak aroma of flowers and wax, alpha-sinensal had rich and fresh sweet orange flavor. To some extent, these types of aromatic substances can affect the taste of herbal tea or decoction made of Spica Prunellae. Among amino acids detected, natural amino acids accounted for a larger proportion, and those natural amino acids showed bitterness, slight bitterness, sourness (freshness), sweetness, slight sweetness, sourness (slight freshness). The results indicated that bitter and slightly bitter amino acids have the greatest impacts on the sense of Spica Prunellae.
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Aminoácidos , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Óleos Voláteis , Prunella , Química , PaladarRESUMO
ITS2 sequence was used as a barcode to identify herbal tea ingredient Plumeria rubra and its adulterants. Genomic DNAs from forty eight samples were extracted, the ITS2 sequences were amplified and sequenced bi-direstionlly, and then assembled and obtained using CodonCode Aligner. The sequences were aligned using ClustalW, the genetic distances were computed by kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model and the Neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA5.0. Results showed that the length of ITS2 sequence of P. rubra were 244 bp. The intra-specific genetic distances (0-0. 016 6) were much smaller than inter-specific ones between P. rubra and its adulterants(0.320 8-0.650 4). The NJ tree indicated that P. rubra and its adulterants could be distinguished clearly. Therefore, Using ITS2 barcode can accurately andeffectively distinguish herbal tea ingredient P. rubra from its adulterants, which providesa new molecular method to identify P. rubra and ensure its safety in use.
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Apocynaceae , Classificação , Genética , Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico , Métodos , DNA de Plantas , Genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico , Genética , Contaminação de Medicamentos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Química , Classificação , Flores , Química , Classificação , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Controle de QualidadeRESUMO
Prunella vulgaris is a perennial herb whose dry spike is used for medicine in China. It is also a very important traditional medicine. Current study was conducted to the biomass components factors of P. vulgaris in the different ecological environments for the development and protection. The results showed that the contribution factor of the production in different environments was significant differences. In favorable environment, the length of leaf, numbers of leaves, height, reproductive branch number of individuals gave the greatest contribution. In transitional habitats, the diameter of stem and spike, the length of leaf contributed the most. While in the undergrowth and dry hillside, the length of root, the width of leaf, the length of spike were the main factors for biomass.
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Biomassa , China , Ecossistema , Folhas de Planta , Raízes de Plantas , Caules de Planta , PrunellaRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Based on 'Back-tracking' method, identification and quality evaluation of complex traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation of Baoji pills (BJP) were carried out by HPLC fingerprint analysis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>HPLC-DAD fingerprint of BJP was conducted with Zorbax SB-C18 column and non-linear elution with the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.5% glacial acetic acid at column temperature 30 degrees C and detective wavelengths of 250 nm and 283 nm. From the established chromatographic pattern of BJP, track backward to the corresponding crude herbal drugs in the formula, attribution ofmost peaks in the BJP fingerprint can be disclosed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The BJP HPLC fingerprint consisted of 44 peaks among which 35 peaks were assigned by parallel comparison with the fingerprint of the 10 corresponding crude drugs in the formula such as pueraria, pummelo peel, and magnolia bark, etc. and 22 peaks we reidentified by comparison with the chemical reference substances.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The established HPLC fingerprint represents the whole character of BJP, which enhanced the specialty for control and assessment of the product quality. It exemplified much more effective for quality control than selecting any marker for qualitative or quantitative testing target. And the Back-tracking' experimental method extended the study mentality for complex formula TCM products chromatographic fingerprinting analysis.</p>
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Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Métodos , Chrysanthemum , Química , Citrus , Química , Combinação de Medicamentos , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Química , Magnolia , Química , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Plantas Medicinais , Química , Pueraria , Química , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Two stable transformed lines containing antisense LeETR1 [corrected] or LeETR2 [corrected] sequences and their hybridized line were investigated to determine the effect of LeETR1 [corrected] and LeETR2 [corrected] specificity in the ethylene receptor family in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) on ethylene signaling. The transgenic line ale1 containing antisense LeETR1 [corrected] displayed shorter length of seedling grown in the dark and adult plant in the light, severe epinastic petiole, and accelerated abscission of petiole explant and senescence of flower explant, compared with its wild type B1. The transgenic line ale2 containing antisense LeETR2 [corrected] also exhibited shorter hypocotyls and slightly accelerated abscission. The phenotypes of cross line dale of LeETR1 [corrected] and LeETR2 [corrected] were close to ale1 in many aspects. These results suggested that LeETR1 [corrected] probably plays a relatively important role in ethylene signaling of tomato growth and development.
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Etilenos , Metabolismo , Inativação Gênica , Fisiologia , Solanum lycopersicum , Fisiologia , Proteínas de Plantas , Genética , Metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Fisiologia , RNA Antissenso , Fisiologia , Receptores de Superfície Celular , Genética , MetabolismoRESUMO
The characteristics of fruit ripening and expression of ripening-related genes were investigated in epi, an ethylene overproduction mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The epi produces apparently more ethylene than its wild type VFN8 at every stage of vegetative and fruit growth and ripening; compared to VFN8, the epi fruit showed higher CO2 evolution, faster descending of chlorophyll, slightly quicker increase of carotenoid and lycopene, and faster reduction in pericarp firmness during maturation and ripening; and the mRNAs of three ripening-related genes including E8, pTOM5 and pTOM6 were at higher levels in epi. The ripening-related characteristics changing of the fruit are consistent with the increase of ethylene production and ripening-related genes expression. These results suggest that epi mutation possibly did not affect the ethylene perception and signaling during fruit ripening, and that the modified characteristics of fruit ripening possibly resulted from the ethylene overproduction and increased expression of ripening-related genes.
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Etilenos , Metabolismo , Frutas , Metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Fisiologia , Dureza , Solanum lycopersicum , Metabolismo , Mutação , Proteínas de Plantas , Metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , FisiologiaRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To recognize changes in the contents of ingredients of Andrographis Tablet in the process of production.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Adopting TLCS, TLC, HPLC to detect effective contents of ingredients which are produced in every stage of process of Andrographis Table's production.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Handling with the fresh Herba Andrographis according to current pharmacopeoia's technology, it showed that only dehyandrographolide can be detected. It indicated that the main factor that leads to chemical change is the heating process in the process of production.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Avoiding heating treatment or reducing heating treatment time is the main factor to protect the effective ingredients.</p>