Association between overweight, obesity and socioeconomic development among Ningxia students from 2000 to 2014 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the trend of overweight and obesity among Han students aged 7-18 years in Ningxia from 2000 to 2014, and to provide scientific basis for child and adolescent obesity prevention and control in Ningxia.@*Methods@#Based on data of the height and weight of Han students aged 7-18 in the four waves of national student physical surveys in Ningxia from 2000 to 2014, SPSS 21.0 was used for trend analysis.@*Results@#From 2000 to 2014, the overweight and obesity rate of Han students in Ningxia from 7 to 18 years old showed an upward trend. Compared with the year of 2000, the total overweight rate increased by 2.06 times in 2014 and the obesity rate increased by 4.40 times. The overweight and obesity rate of boys was higher than that of girls in 2005 and 2014, and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=4.91, 6.20, P<0.05). The overweight and obesity rates of urban students were higher than those of rural students in 2005 and 2010(χ2=9.63, 5.97, P<0.05). The correlation analysis between the overweight and obesity rate of Ningxia students and socioeconomic indicators showed that the overweight and obesity of Ningxia students from 2000 to 2014 was closely related to the level of Ningxia socioeconomic development, especially the obesity detection rate of rural students was related to Ningxia’s GDP and The correlation between GDP, per capita disposable income, per capita consumption expenditure, and urbanization rate is stronger(r=0.98, 0.98, 0.99, 1.00, 0.93, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Socioeconomic of Ningxia is rapidly increasing, and the overweight and obesity rate of Han students aged 7 to 18 is also increasing. It is suggested that society, schools and parents should pay great attention to this phenomenon, build community-wide efforts to prevent childhood obesity, and prevent chronic diseases caused by overweight and obesity occurrence risk.

Trends analysis of blood pressure among Ningxia Han ethnic students aged 7-18 years from 2000 to 2014 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand secular trend of blood pressure among Han ethnic students aged 7-18 years in Ningxia from 2000 to 2014，and to provide preliminary evidence for hypertension prevention and control.@*Methods@#Data of blood pressure, height, weight of Han students aged 7-18 years in Ningxia were collected in the National Students Physical Fitness and Health Survey during 2000-2014 years were analyzed by using SPSS 21.0.@*Results@#From 2000 to 2014, the systolic pressure of the Han students in Ningxia showed a decreasing-increasing trend(F=357.44, P<0.05), with an average decrease of 3.37 mm Hg; diastolic pressure showed a decreasing-increasing trend(F=172.95, P<0.05), with an average decrease of 4.18 mm Hg; pulse pressure showed a decreasing-increasing trend(F=311.86, P<0.05), with an average decrease of 1.98 mm Hg. The body mass index of the Han nationality students in Ningxia was on the rise(F=128.15, P<0.05). The detection rates of high blood pressure, high systolic blood pressure and high diastolic blood pressure increased by 1.0, 0.4 and 0.9 percentage.@*Conclusion@#Blood pressure in Ningxia Han students aged 7-18 years increases gradually in recent years, which warrants further attention. Health education and health promotion is needed to prevent the occurrence of hypertension.

The G4-quadruplex mutation of the core gene enhances the immunogenicity of hepatitis C virus DNA vaccine / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of G-quadruplex (G4) RNA structure of core of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the specific immune response. Methods Circular dichroism (CD) was usedto detect the G4 spatial structure of the G4 oligonucleotide chain RNA (named as G4R) and its mutant of G4 (named as G4RM) by G base site-specific mutation.The HCV wild-type core gene G4(DNA) sequence was mutated as G4M-core by PCR site-directed mutagenesis without changing the amino acid codon.Then wild type and mutated core genes were constructed into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1-Myc, and produced as pcDNA3.1-core-G4-WT (named as pG4) and pcDNA3.1-core-G4-M (named as pG4M), the expression of core protein was examined by Western blot. The mice were immunized with the pG4 and pG4M plasmids DNA respectively, and their humoral and cellular responses were examined. Results CD results showed that the structure of G4RM was changed compared to Wild type G4R, and the melting curve analysis showed the melting temperature of GR4M was lower than that of G4R, which indicates that G4RM structure is unstable. Western blot analysis showed that pG4M had much higher protein expression level compared to pG4(P<0.05). Analysis of animal immunization showed that pG4M induced increased levels of total IgG and IFN-γ compared to pG4(P<0.05). The IgG level of the pG4M group was 1.61 times higher than that of the pG4 group. By enzyme-linked immunospot(ELISpot)assay, we found that the release IFN-γ level of pG4M was 1.39 times higher than those of pG4. Flow cytometry showed that the intracellular IFN-γ production in the splenic CD4+ T cells was 1.79 times than those of pG4. Conclusion The G-quadruplex structure of HCV core can inhibit its protein translation. The mutation of G-quadruplex of core led to increased Th1-type immune responses. This is the first report demonstrate that HCV core G-quadruplex mutation can enhance its immunogenicity and could be used as a new strategy ofexploring HCV vaccine with enhanced immunogenicity.

Effect of hepatitis C virus infection on the expressions of multiple sialyltransferases and galactosyltransferases in Huh7.5.1 cell / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the altered glycotransferases and glycan profile in HCV-infected cells, the expression levels of 35 kinds of sialyltransferases and galactosyltransferases were evaluated in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected Huh7.5.1 cell cultured model.Methods Western blot was used to measure the expressions of HCV-nonstructural protein NS3 and and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to determine HCV-RNA levels and mRNA levels of 35 kinds of sialyltransferases and galactosyltransferases.Lectin microarray was used to compare the glycan profiles of sialyltransferases-and galactosyltransferases-associated glycan-profile in Huh7.5.1 cells and HCV infected Huh7.5.1 cells.Results Among the 35 kinds of sialyltransferases and galactosyltransferases, the mRNA levels of four sialyltransferases (including ST3Gal Ⅲ, ST6GalNAC Ⅲ, ST8Sia Ⅲ and ST8SiaⅣ) and five galactosyltransferases (including B3GALT1, B3GALT 2, B3GALT3, B3GALT4 and B4GALNT2) were found to be 11-45 fold higher in HCV-infected cells compared with naive Huh7.5.1 cells.The up-regulated level of B3GALT 1 was the most evident (45-fold change), followed by ST8Sia Ⅳ and ST8Sia Ⅲ, with 39-and 37-fold respectively.Consistently, lectin microarray showed that glycans recognized by EBL (binding terminal sialic acid, Neu5Acα6Gal, 1.97-fold change), ECA letin (binding terminal galactose, Galβ1,4GalNAc,4.3-fold change), and ACA(binding terminal galactose, Galβ1-3GalNAc, 3-fold change) were elevated in glycoprotein products of sialyltransferase and galactosyltransferase respectively.Conclusion HCV infection causes the increased expression levels of mutiple sialyltransferases and galactosyltransferases in Huh7.5.1 cell line and hence the upregulation of glycan profiles of the glycoproteins.These results provide potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for HCV infection and insights on the molecular mechanism of HCV infection.

Clone, prokaryotic expression and preparation of polyclonal antibody of hCD59 / 细胞与分子免疫学杂志

AIM: To construct full length hCD59 eukaryotic and extracellular domain of hCD59 (hsCD59) prokaryotic expression vectors and prepare polyclonal antibody of hCD59. METHODS: cDNA fragments encoding hCD59 and hsCD59 were amplified from human PBMCs by RT-PCR and cloned into the eukaryotic vector pVAX-1 and prokaryotic vector pGEX-KG, respectively. The recombinant fusion protein GST-hsCD59 was expressed in E. coil BL21 induced by IPTG. Then the fusion protein was purified and identified. Polyclonal antibody against hCD59 was prepared by immunizing rabbit with pVAX-1-hCD59 and boosting with GSThsCD59 fusion protein, and the titer was identified. RESULTS: The recombinant eukaryotic vector pVAX-1-hCD59 and prokaryotic vector pGEX-KG-hsCD59 were successfully constructed. The GST-hsCD59 fusion protein was over-expressed in E. coli BL21 and the relative molecular mass (M~r) of the expression product was identical with predicted size. The titer of the anti-hCD59 serum was 1:3 200. CONCLUSION: We got the recombinant eukaryotic vector pVAX-1-hCD59, prokaryotic vector pGEX-KG-hsCD59 and rabbit anti-hCD59 polyclonal antibody successfully. These work would be helpful for the further study of the biological function of human CD59.

Qualitative research on the demands of nursing staff on nursing repository / 中华护理杂志

Objective To explore the demands of nursing staff on nursing repository and provide reference for the develop-ment of nursing repository. Methods In-depth interview was conducted on 21 nursing staff by qualitative research. The themes were formed by category analysis. Results There were four themes about the demands of nursing staff on nursing repository:necessity to develop nursing repository ,contents of the repository ,forms of the repository and prospect of the reposi-tory. Conclusions Nursing staff need a nursing repository. They hope that the repository can provide comprehensive,concrete and practical knowledge,and provide a good interface with digitization. The design of repository should be consistent with in-ternational standards.

Effect of fluvastatin on the expression of oxidized low-density lipoprotein-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox-LDL) is recognized as the essential condition for atherosclerosis.As the ox-LDL-specific receptor,oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1(LOX-1) involved in vascular inflammation and plaques develop-ment of the process.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of fluvastatin on the expression of LOX-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) induced by ox-LDL.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The comparative observation was completed in the Medical Center of Second Xiangya Hospital,Central South University between August 2006 and May 2007.MATERIALS:Human umbilical vein endothelial cell line was purchased from the America ATCC Company.Fluvastatin original powder was supplied by Beijing Novartis Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.METHODS:HUVECs were incubated with:①Stimulation by ox-LDL with end concentration of 25,50,100 mg/L.②LOX-1 neutralizing antibody,and interfered with 50 mg/L ox-LDL.③Interfered with nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) blockers pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate(PDTC),followed by 50 mg/L ox-LDL intervention.④Fluvastatin with concentration of 0.01,0.1,1 ?mol/L were used to interfere the cells,followed by 50 mg/L ox-LDL intervention.⑤There was an blank group as the control.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The expression of LOX-1 mRNA level was detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS:The levels of mRNA of LOX-1 were increased after cells had beenwere incubated with different concertrations of ox-LDL,when compared with the control group.Within the dosage range of 25 to 50 mg/L,the above-mentioned indexes significantly changed in a concentration-dependent manner(P

Effects of shRNA targeting VEGF on VEGF mRNA expression in gastric cancer cells / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

In order to investigate the inhibitory effect of plasmid-mediated short hairpin RNA targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the expression of VEGF mRNA in human gastric cancer cells, a plasmid vector for transcribing specific short hairpin RNA targeting VEGF (pU6-VEGF) was constructed, and then transfected into human gastric cancer cells using Lipofectamine2000. The VEGF mRNA expression level was detected by RT-PCR. RPMI1640 was used for blank control, and pSilencer 1.0-U6 empty plasmid for the negative control. Results showed the clone and sequence analysis revealed that the recombinant plasmid vector of pU6-VEGF was successfully constructed. The VEGF mRNA expression levels in blank control group, experimental group (pU6-VEGF) and negative control group (pSilencer1.0-U6) were 100%, 49% and 94%, respectively, indicating VEGF mRNA expression in the cells transfected with pU-VEGF vector was inhibited significantly as compared with blank control group and negative control group. It was concluded that the short hairpin RNA could significantly inhibit the expression of VEGF mRNA, which provided an experimental basis for treating human cancer with anti-angiogenesis.

Effects of shRNA Targeting VEGF on VEGF mRNA Expression in Gastric Cancer Cells / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

In order to investigate the inhibitory effect of plasmid-mediated short hairpin RNA targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the expression of VEGF mRNA in human gastric cancer cells, a plasmid vector for transcribing specific short hairpin RNA targeting VEGF ( pU6-VEGF ) was constructed, andthen transfected into human gastric cancer cells using Lipofectamine2000. The VEGF mRNA expression level was detected by RT-PCR. RPMI1640 was used for blank control, and pSilencer 1.0-U6 empty plasmid for the negative control. Results showed the clone and sequence analysis revealed that the recombinant plasmid vector of pU6-VEGF was successfully constructed. The VEGF mRNA expression levels in blank control group, experimental group (pU6-VEGF) and negative control group (pSilencerl.0-U6) were 100%, 49% and 94%, respectively, indicating VEGF mRNA expression in the cells transfected with pU-VEGF vector was inhibited significantly as compared with blank control group and negative control group. It was concluded that the short hairpin RNA could significantly inhibit the expression of VEGF mRNA, which provided an experimental basis for treating human cancer with anti-angiogenesis.

Highly up-regulated CXCR3 expression on eosinophils in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum.

CXCR3, predominately expressed on memory/activated T cells, is a receptor for both interferon-gamma inducible protein-10/CXC ligand 10 (CXCL10) and monokine induced by interferon-gamma/CXCL9. We reported here that CXCR3 was highly up-regulated on infiltrating eosinophils in Schistosoma japonicum egg-induced granuloma in the mouse liver. It was also highly and functionally up-regulated on peritoneal exudate eosinophils in mice infected with S. japonicum. The phenomena were demonstrated at protein and mRNA levels using immunohisto- and immunocytochemistry evaluation of biopsy, flow cytometry and real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction technique, and verified by Northern blotting and chemotaxis assay in vitro. We also found that CCR3 expression on the infiltrating and peritoneal exudate cells was significantly decreased, CXCR4 expression was unchanged during the 42-day period of infection. We screened mRNA expression levels of the all known chemokine receptors in purified peritoneal exudate eosinophils and liver granuloma dominated by eosinophils. CXCR3 was highly and functionally up-regulated on peritoneal exudate eosinophils in mice infected with S. japonicum, meanwhile CCR3 was significantly and functionally down-regulated in these cells. The findings could lead to a better understanding of the chemokine receptor expression pattern of eosinophils at inflamed tissue sites caused by parasites. These could be also crucial for establishing a therapeutic strategy for eosinophilic inflammation via intervention in chemokine actions.

Selectively increased expression and functions of chemokine receptor CCR9 on CD4+ T cells from patients with T-cell lineage acute lymphocytic leukemia.

In a total of 38 typical T-cell lineage acute lymphocytic leukemia (T-ALL) and T-cell lineage chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL) cases investigated, we found that CC chemokine receptor CCR9 was selectively and frequently expressed on T-ALL CD4+ T cells, was moderately expressed on T-CLL CD4+ T cells, and was rarely expressed on normal CD4+ T cells. These findings were demonstrated at protein and mRNA levels using flow cytometry and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR technique and were verified by digital confocal microscopy and Northern blotting. Thymus-expressed chemokine, a ligand for CCR9, selectively induced T-ALL CD4+ T-cell chemotaxis and adhesion. Interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4, together, down-regulated the expression and functions of CCR9 in T-ALL CD4+ T cells including chemotaxis and adhesion. It was also demonstrated that IL-2 and IL-4, together, internalized CCR9 on T-ALL CD4+ T cells and subsequently inhibited functions of CCR9 in these cells. Thymus-expressed chemokine mRNA was highly expressed in CD4+ T cells, involving lymph node and skin in T-ALL patients, and was expressed at moderate levels in lymph node and skin tissues in T-CLL patients. Our findings may provide new clues to understanding various aspects of T-ALL CD4+ T cells, such as functional expression of CCR9-thymus-expressed chemokine receptor-ligand pairs as well as the effects of IL-2 and IL-4, which may be especially important in cytokine/chemokine environment for the pathophysiological events of T-ALL CD4+ T-cell trafficking.

Construction and expression of IL-24 in eukaryotic expression vector and study of its antitumor effects / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To construct an eukaryotic expressing plasmid of IL-24,and investigate its inhibitory effects on the growth of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.Methods:The eukaryotic expressing plasmid of IL-24(pEGFP-C1-IL-24) was constructed by DNA recombination technique.The recombination plasmid and empty vector were transfected into HIC cells,respectively with Lipofectamine 2000 Reagent and the expressions were determined by LSCM;the proliferation of HIC cells was measured by MTT assay;and apoptosis rate and cell-cycle distribution of HIC cells were measured with Flow Cytometry.Mice were inoculated with B16 cells,which were transfected with pEGFP-C1-IL-24 or empty vector,and the tumor size in mice was detected.The inhibitory effect of IL-24 gene transfection in mice solid tumor was observed and measured.Results:The expression of pEGFP-C1-IL-24 in HIC cells was determined by LSCM after the transfection of pEGFP-C1-IL-24.Comparing to the control group,the proliferation of HIC cells was inhibited by transfection with pEGFP-C1-IL-24 and the G2-M phase of the transfected cells was also increased.Moreover the percentage of mice with detectable tumor was significantly decreased after inoculated with B16 cells transfected with pEGFP-C1-IL-24.Growth rate of tumor in mice model was also significantly inhibited in IL-24 gene therapy group as compared with the control grouop(P

THE STUDY OF A WATER-SOLUBLE PORPHYRIN PHOTOSENSITIZATION TO THE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND CANDIDA ALBICANS / 微生物学通报

We first study the photosensitization to bacteria and fungi with a definite structure, watersoluble porphyrin. We found that the porphyrin had strong sterilization on the Staphylococcus au- reus and Candida albicans. When the porphyrin concentrations increased, its sterilization strengthened. The sterilization was related to the photoradiating time. When photoradiating time was one hour, its sterilizing ability was the greatest. Its sterilizing ability was similar to the penicillin's.