Life Strain, Social Control, Social Learning, and Delinquency: The Effects of Gender, Age, and Family SES Among Chinese Adolescents.

Very few studies have examined the pathways to delinquency and causal factors for demographic subgroups of adolescents in a different culture. This article explores the effects of gender, age, and family socioeconomic status (SES) in an integrated model of strain, social control, social learning, and delinquency among a sample of Chinese adolescents. ANOVA is used to check for significant differences between categories of demographic groups on the variables in the integrated model, and the differential effects of causal factors in the theoretical path models are examined. Further tests of interaction effects are conducted to compare path coefficients between "high-risk" youths (i.e., male, mid-teen, and low family SES adolescents) and other subgroups. The findings identified similar pathways to delinquency across subgroups and clarified the salience of causal factors for male, mid-teen, and low SES adolescents in a different cultural context.

[Endoscopic sinus surgery, clinical observation with 165 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the long-term curative effect of endoscopic sinus surgery(ESS). METHOD: 165 cases (276 sides) of chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps were treated with ESS, and following up survey 1 year post-operatively. RESULT: It was found that 107 cases were cured (64.8%), 43 cases achieved symptomatic relief (26.1%), 15 cases remained failure (9.1%), and the effective rate was 90.9%, mainly operative complication was adhesion of nasal cavity. CONCLUSION: The curative effect of ESS was successful. It is effective to use reasonable concentration hemostasin to hemostasia, it is very important to treat middle turbinate precisely, and regularly follow-up could reduce operation complications.