Musical Emotions Recognition Using Entropy Features and Channel Optimization Based on EEG.

The dynamic of music is an important factor to arouse emotional experience, but current research mainly uses short-term artificial stimulus materials, which cannot effectively awaken complex emotions and reflect their dynamic brain response. In this paper, we used three long-term stimulus materials with many dynamic emotions inside: the "Waltz No. 2" containing pleasure and excitement, the "No. 14 Couplets" containing excitement, briskness, and nervousness, and the first movement of "Symphony No. 5 in C minor" containing passion, relaxation, cheerfulness, and nervousness. Approximate entropy (ApEn) and sample entropy (SampEn) were applied to extract the non-linear features of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals under long-term dynamic stimulation, and the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) method was used to recognize emotions. Further, a supervised feature vector dimensionality reduction method was proposed. Firstly, the optimal channel set for each subject was obtained by using a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, and then the number of times to select each channel in the optimal channel set of all subjects was counted. If the number was greater than or equal to the threshold, it was a common channel suitable for all subjects. The recognition results based on the optimal channel set demonstrated that each accuracy of two categories of emotions based on "Waltz No. 2" and three categories of emotions based on "No. 14 Couplets" was generally above 80%, respectively, and the recognition accuracy of four categories based on the first movement of "Symphony No. 5 in C minor" was about 70%. The recognition accuracy based on the common channel set was about 10% lower than that based on the optimal channel set, but not much different from that based on the whole channel set. This result suggested that the common channel could basically reflect the universal features of the whole subjects while realizing feature dimension reduction. The common channels were mainly distributed in the frontal lobe, central region, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe. The channel number distributed in the frontal lobe was greater than the ones in other regions, indicating that the frontal lobe was the main emotional response region. Brain region topographic map based on the common channel set showed that there were differences in entropy intensity between different brain regions of the same emotion and the same brain region of different emotions. The number of times to select each channel in the optimal channel set of all 30 subjects showed that the principal component channels representing five brain regions were Fp1/F3 in the frontal lobe, CP5 in the central region, Pz in the parietal lobe, O2 in the occipital lobe, and T8 in the temporal lobe, respectively.

Cu12@Au30Ag12: a magnetic pentakis icosidodecahedron molecule with core-shell configuration.

A 54-atom trimetallic core-shell Cu12@Au30Ag12 molecule has been identified by using first-principles calculations. This molecule with Ih symmetry consists of an icosahedral 12-atom Cu core (Cu12) coated by a pentakis icosidodecahedral 42-atom Au-Ag shell (Au30Ag12) composed of an icosidodecahedral Au30 and an icosahedral Ag12. Both the molecular dynamics simulations and vibrational frequency analysis demonstrate the high stability of Cu12@Au30Ag12. The analyses for electronic properties indicate that there exists spd hybridization which is crucial to maintain the geometrical configuration of Cu12@Au30Ag12. Moreover, a total spin magnetic moment of Cu12@Au30Ag12 is found to be 4 µB, which chiefly arises from the 6 s states of Au atoms. A new type of sugar gourd-like [Cu12@Au30Ag11]n nanowire is also proposed; the results demonstrate that the nanowire exhibits metallic and magnetic behaviors. The magnetic Cu12@Au30Ag12 molecule and [Cu12@Au30Ag11]n nanowire can be promising candidates of novel magnetic nanomaterials and nanodevices.

First-principles investigation on cluster-assembled silicon nanotubes with Eu atoms encapsulation.

Two kinds of dimers consisting of two endohedral Eu@Si16 cages, Eu2@Si32 and Eu2@Si28, have been predicted by using density functional theory. The structural stabilities, electronic structures, and magnetic properties have been examined at the DFT-GGA level. The results show that each of the central Eu atoms in Eu2@Si32 and Eu2@Si28 keeps spin magnetic moment of about 6.9 µB, respectively. Analysis of electronic structures shows that sp2-like hybridizations induced by the central Eu atoms arise in Si-Si bonds, which remarkably improve the stabilities of both Si32 and Si28 clusters. Furthermore, two types of assembled Si nanotubes (Eu@SiNT-1 and Eu@SiNT-2) with Eu atoms encapsulated are gained; it is found that both of them are of metallic conductive character and have total magnetic moment of 14 µB. All these structures may be rather tempting for the future spintronic devices and high-density magnetic storage materials. Graphical abstract The electronic and magnetic properties of cluster-assembled Eu@SiNTs.

KIF20B promotes the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma by stimulating cell proliferation.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common urinary system cancer with high morbidity and mortality rate. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a highly aggressive and common type of RCC. More and effective therapeutic targets are badly needed for the treatment of ccRCC. Kinesin family protein (KIF)20B, also named M-phase phosphoprotein 1, was reported as a microtubule-associated, plus-end-directed kinesin. KIF20B was involved in multiple cellular processes such as cytokinesis. Multiple studies indicated the oncogenic role for KIF20B in several types of tumors, including breast cancer and bladder cancer. However, the possible role of KIF20B in the progression of renal carcinoma is still unknown. Herein, our study demonstrated that KIF20B was relatively highly expressed in ccRCC tissues. In addition, KIF20B was inversely related to the clinical features including tumor size and T stage. We further found that inhibition of the KIF20B expression by a specific short hairpin RNA obviously reduces proliferation of ccRCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our study reveals the involvement of KIF20B in ccRCC progression. Generally, KIF20B is a promising novel therapeutic for the treatment of clear cell RCC.

Expression of Pref-1 and Related Chemokines during theDevelopment of Rat Mesenteric Lymph Nodes.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of Pref-1+ adipocyte progenitor cells to mobilize into mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and the dynamic expression of related chemokines during the development of rat MLNs. METHODS: Immunohistochemical analyses were used to detect the expression of Pref-1 and related chemokines. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the changes in ultrastructure of MLNs. RESULTS: Cells containing lipid droplets were found in all rat MLNs at embryonic day (E) 18.5, 2 and 6 weeks (w) after birth, and they were similar to fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) or follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) under TEM. Pref-1+ adipocyte progenitor cells were found in all MLNs. The expression level of Pref-1 was significantly increased at 2 w after birth and decreased at 6 w after birth. The tendency of Cxcl12 expression was consistent with that of Pref-1 and was positively correlated with the expression of Pref-1 (P < 0.01; r = 0.897). At E18.5, Cxcl13, and Ccr7 were significantly expressed in the MLN anlage, but the expression level of Ccl21 was low. The expression level of Cxcl13, Ccr7, and Ccl21 in MLN were significantly increased at 2 w after birth (P < 0.05), while the expression of Ccr7 and Ccl21 were significantly decreased at 6 w after birth (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Adipocyte progenitor cells are involved in the rat MLNs development through differentiation into FRC and FDC. The expression of the relevant chemokines during the development of MLNs is dynamic and may be related to the maintenance of lymph nodes self-balance state.

Stability of the V and Co atomic wires: a first-principles study.

We employ density-functional theory calculations plus pseudopotentials with the projector-augmented wave method to investigate the structural stability and electromagnetic characteristics of two infinite atomic wires made of vanadium (V) and cobalt (Co). We identify five stable V atomic wires and four stable Co atomic wires. The H structure of the V atomic wire shows semiconductor characteristics, and the other four structures show metallic properties. None of the V chains has magnetism. On the other hand, the four stable Co atomic wires have metal properties. The dimerized Co atomic chain is shown to be ferromagnetic with a maximum spin magnetic moment.

The cortical thickness correlates of clinical manifestations in the mid-stage sporadic Parkinson's disease.

The cortical thickness has gained an extensive attention as a pathological alteration of sporadic Parkinson's disease (sPD), the alteration of pathological cortical thickness may distinctly contribute to the consistent clinical manifestations. Therefore, we investigated the cortical thickness correlates of clinical manifestations in the mid-stage sPD from the Han population of Chinese mainland (HPCM). A sample of 67 mid-stage sPD patients and 35 matched controls from HPCM were performed a corticometry of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the assessment of clinical manifestations including the demographic and disease-related characteristics, and underwent the final analysis of the cortical thickness correlates with the clinical manifestations. In our result, we demonstrated that no significant differences in the demographic characteristics were found among the two groups. The tests of clinical disease-related characteristics demonstrated that the significant differences in the Hoehn and Yahr scale, the UPDRS Part I-IV, the symptom-dominant side (right/left/double), the tremor subscoree off (e), the tremor subscoref on (f), Webster, MMSE, HDS-R, DF, DB, SVFT, SDS, HAMD17, HAMD 24, CDT, CDR, LEDD and PDSI were observed between the mid-stage sPD patients and the controls. The analysis about the cortical thickness correlates with the clinical manifestations revealed that a significant correlation between UPDRS-I and Frontal-Sup-Orb-R and Rectus-R; DB and Frontal-Sup-Orb-R and Frontal-Inf-Orb-R; SDS and Frontal-Sup-Orb-R, Frontal-Mid-Orb-R, Rectus-R and Cingulum-Ant-R respectively in the mid-stage sPD patients from HPCM. Our data showed that the cortical thinning in the right frontal Orb, rectus and cingulum were the pathological base of some clinical manifestations including the cognitive impairment, hallucinations, psychosis, the depressed mood, the anxious mood, apathy, the sleep problems, the nighttime or/and daytime sleepiness, the short term memory stores and the central execution, as well as the sexual desire disorder in the mid-stage sPD patients, suggesting that the dysfunctions of brain regions of some cortical thinning are closely correlated with some clinical manifestations of the mid-stage sPD.

Structures and magnetic properties of Fe(n)B (n =1-12) clusters.

The configurations, electronic structures and magnetic properties of Fe(n)B (n = 1-12) clusters have been calculated within the framework of all-electron density functional theory. The calculated results indicate that the B atom prefers a surface site for all the lowest-energy structures of Fe(n)B with n = 1-9 and 11, while for Fe10B and Fe12B, the B atom is found to occupy a center site forming a B-centered Fe(n) cage. Furthermore, relatively large HOMO-LUMO gaps are found for Fe6B and Fe7B, indicating the chemical inertness of the two isomers. For Fe4B, and Fe12B, the spin magnetic moments of the Fe atom significantly increase, but the spin moments decrease slightly for all the other Fe(n)B clusters.

The structures and magnetic moments of Co-C clusters.

The geometries, binding energies, and magnetic moments of small CoC(N) (N = 1-8) and CO2C(N) (N = 1-6) clusters are studied systematically using all-electron density functional theory (DFT) with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The results indicate that, for the CoC(N) (N = 1-8) and Co2C(N) (N = 1-6) clusters, the lowest-energy structures are predicted to be linear structures except for CoC2 and CoC7. The ground states of the CoC(N) (N = 1-8) clusters are linear geometries (C(v)) with Co atom at one end. The ground states of the Co2C(N) (N = 1-6) clusters are linear geometries (D(h)) with the two Co atoms located at the two ends. For all the clusters, analysis of the Mülliken population shows that charge transfers from the Co atom(s) to the C atoms. The magnetic moment lies primarily on the Co atom(s).

Heparanase expression, degradation of basement membrane and low degree of infiltration by immunocytes correlate with invasion and progression of human gastric cancer.

AIM: To disclose the mechanisms that accelerate or limit tumor invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer patients. METHODS: The heparanase expression, continuity of basement, degree of infiltration by dendritic cells and lymphocytes in gastric cancer tissues from 33 the early and late stage patients were examined by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Heparanase mRNA expression in the late stage patients with gastric cancer was stronger than that in the early stage gastric cancer patients. In the early stage gastric cancer tissues, basement membrane (BM) appeared intact, whereas in the late stage, discontinuous BM was often present. The density of S100 protein positive tumor infiltrating dendritic cells (TIDC) in the early stage gastric cancer tissues was higher than that in the late stage. The infiltrating degree of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in the early stage patients whose tumor tissues contained a high density of TIDC was significantly higher than that in the late stage gastric cancer tissues patients with a low density of TIDC. There were few cancer cells penetrated through the continuous BM of cancer nests in the early stage gastric cancers, but many cancer cells were found outside of the defective BM of cancer nests in the late stage. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that strong heparanase expression is related with the degradation of BM which allows or accelerates tumor invasion and metastasis. However, high density of TIDC and degree of infiltration by TIL are associated with tumor progression in human gastric cancers.

Morphological observation of tumor infiltrating immunocytes in human rectal cancer.

AIM: To investigate the morphological characterization of tumor infiltrating dendritic cells (TIDCs) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in human rectal cancer. METHODS: Light and electron microscopy as well as immunohistochemistry were used to observe the distributive and morphological changes of TIDCs and TILs. RESULTS: TIDCs were mainly located in tumor-surrounding tissue. The number of TIDCs in the earlier stage was higher than that in the later stage (P<0.01). TILs were mainly seen in adjacent tissue of cancers and tumor-surrounding tissue. There were more TILs in the earlier stage than that in the later stage (P<0.01). Under electron microscope, TIDCs were irregular in shape and exhibited many dendritic protrusions. It is not obvious that cancer cells perforated the basement membrane and TILs were arranged along the basement membrane in the earlier stage. In the later stage, it is explicit that cancer cells perforated the basement membrane and surrounded by TILs. There were contacts among TIDCs, TILs and tumor cell. One TIDCs contacted one or several TILs which clustered around TIDCs. Glycogen granules were seen between TIDCs and TILs. CONCLUSION: The number of TIDCs and TILs is related with tumor progression There exist close relationships among TIDCs, TILs and tumor cell.