Novel application of imidazole-based ligand-templated borates in a zinc-air battery.

Two templated borates, [Co(1-EI)2]·[B5O7(OH)3] (1) and [Ga(1-MI)2·B6O9(OH)4]·[H3BO3]·H[1-MI] (2), have been synthesized using a mild method. Notably, they exhibit an excellent ORR performance with an E1/2 value of 0.84 V and are the first to be used as the positive electrode catalyst for a zinc-air battery, which opens a pathway for the application of borate-based oxide catalysts.

MicroRNA-298 determines the radio-resistance of colorectal cancer cells by directly targeting human dual-specificity tyrosine(Y)-regulated kinase 1A.

BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy stands as a promising therapeutic modality for colorectal cancer (CRC); yet, the formidable challenge posed by radio-resistance significantly undermines its efficacy in achieving CRC remission. AIM: To elucidate the role played by microRNA-298 (miR-298) in CRC radio-resistance. METHODS: To establish a radio-resistant CRC cell line, HT-29 cells underwent exposure to 5 gray ionizing radiation that was followed by a 7-d recovery period. The quantification of miR-298 levels within CRC cells was conducted through quantitative RT-PCR, and protein expression determination was realized through Western blotting. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and proliferation by clonogenic assay. Radio-induced apoptosis was discerned through flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS: We observed a marked upregulation of miR-298 in radio-resistant CRC cells. MiR-298 emerged as a key determinant of cell survival following radiation exposure, as its overexpression led to a notable reduction in radiation-induced apoptosis. Intriguingly, miR-298 expression exhibited a strong correlation with CRC cell viability. Further investigation unveiled human dual-specificity tyrosine(Y)-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) as miR-298's direct target. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our findings underline the role played by miR-298 in bolstering radio-resistance in CRC cells by means of DYRK1A downregulation, thereby positioning miR-298 as a promising candidate for mitigating radio-resistance in CRC.

Two new anthraquinone derivatives from Saprosma crassipes H. S. Lo.

Two new anthraquinone derivatives sapranquinones A and B (1 and 2) together with two known biogenetically related anthraquinone derivatives (3 and 4) were isolated from the stems of Saprosma crassipes H. S. Lo. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their antibacterial activities and compounds 1 and 3 had a broad spectrum antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus albus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus tetragenus, and Micrococcus luteus with MIC values ranging from 1.25 to 5 µg/mL.

Exploration of the oxygen reduction reaction activity of four transition metal borates: synthesis, structure and characterization.

Four new transition metal borates, [Co(1-MI)2]·B5O7(OH)3 (1, 1-MI = 1-methylimidazole), Co2(PZ)8(SO4)2·2H3BO3 (2, PZ = pyrazole), K7{(BO3)Co[B12O18(OH)6]}·H2O (3) and K2{[Ni(PY)2]2·[(C4H2O6)2B]}2 (4, PY = pyridine), have been successfully synthesized by a mild method. Their structures were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. These compounds were further characterized by FTIR, PXRD and UV-vis-NIR. It is worth noting that the catalytic properties of catalysts based on these four borates were explored, and that organically templated borate 1- and 2-based catalysts showed better ORR catalytic performance compared to 3- and 4-based catalysts. This may be caused by the supramolecular skeletons of 1 and 2 providing sufficient space and porosity.

Compound from Magnolia officinalis Ameliorates White Matter Injury by Promoting Oligodendrocyte Maturation in Chronic Cerebral Ischemia Models / 神经科学通报·英文版

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion leads to white matter injury (WMI), which subsequently causes neurodegeneration and even cognitive impairment. However, due to the lack of treatment specifically for WMI, novel recognized and effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. In this study, we found that honokiol and magnolol, two compounds derived from Magnolia officinalis, significantly facilitated the differentiation of primary oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes, with a more prominent effect of the former compound. Moreover, our results demonstrated that honokiol treatment improved myelin injury, induced mature oligodendrocyte protein expression, attenuated cognitive decline, promoted oligodendrocyte regeneration, and inhibited astrocytic activation in the bilateral carotid artery stenosis model. Mechanistically, honokiol increased the phosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by activating cannabinoid receptor 1 during OPC differentiation. Collectively, our study indicates that honokiol might serve as a potential treatment for WMI in chronic cerebral ischemia.

A case of pulmonary aspergillus infection in underground coal mine workers / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

The underground environment is dark and humid, and it is easy to breed pathogenic microorganisms. A lump in the right lung of a coal mine underground transport worker was found druing occupational health examination. CT examination showed that the lump was located in the posterior segment of the upper lobe of the right lung, with point strip calcification, liquefaction necrosis, and proximal bronchial stenosis and occlusion. MRI examination FS-T(2)WI and DWI showed "target sign", annular low signal around the central high signal, and low mixed signal around the periphery, and annular high signal in the isosignal lesions on T(1)WI. Then the pulmonary aspergillus infection was confirmed by pathology.

Auditory mismatch negativity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children： a Meta-analysis / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo explore the differences existing in the auditory mismatch negativity （MMN） amplitude and latency between children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） and normal children， and to probe into the significance of MMN latency and amplitude for assessing the auditory perception and attention level in ADHD children and normal children. MethodsOn December 1， 2022， a systematic search was performed in PubMed， Embase， Cochrane Library， China National knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform and VIP databases to identify all well qualified literature focusing on MMN of ADHD children， then the valid data relevant to MMN amplitude and latency were extracted. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale （NOS） was used to assess the quality of the included studies， and Stata 20.0 was employed for Meta-analysis. ResultsA total of 9 qualified studies comparing ADHD children （n=170） against healthy controls （n=159） were finally included. Among the included literature， there were 18 matched pairs of MMN amplitude data and 10 matched pairs of MMN latency data at different recording sites. Meta-analysis denoted that ADHD group resulted in potentials of slightly lower MMN amplitude （WMD=-0.334， 95% CI： -1.426~0.758， P=0.549） and notably longer MMN latency （WMD=14.768， 95% CI： 4.660~24.876， P=0.004） compared to control group， and the Bgger's funnel plot did not reveal any publication bias. ConclusionCompared with healthy controls， ADHD children have longer MMN latency， suggesting that the auditory perception and attention level of ADHD children may be reduced.

Analysis of Chinese Medical Syndrome Features of Ischemic Stroke Based on Similarity of Symptoms Subgroup / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To derive the Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome classification and subgroup syndrome characteristics of ischemic stroke patients.@*METHODS@#By extracting the CM clinical electronic medical records (EMRs) of 7,170 hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke from 2016 to 2018 at Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Province, China, a patient similarity network (PSN) was constructed based on the symptomatic phenotype of the patients. Thereafter the efficient community detection method BGLL was used to identify subgroups of patients. Finally, subgroups with a large number of cases were selected to analyze the specific manifestations of clinical symptoms and CM syndromes in each subgroup.@*RESULTS@#Seven main subgroups of patients with specific symptom characteristics were identified, including M3, M2, M1, M5, M0, M29 and M4. M3 and M0 subgroups had prominent posterior circulatory symptoms, while M3 was associated with autonomic disorders, and M4 manifested as anxiety; M2 and M4 had motor and motor coordination disorders; M1 had sensory disorders; M5 had more obvious lung infections; M29 had a disorder of consciousness. The specificity of CM syndromes of each subgroup was as follows. M3, M2, M1, M0, M29 and M4 all had the same syndrome as wind phlegm pattern; M3 and M0 both showed hyperactivity of Gan (Liver) yang pattern; M2 and M29 had similar syndromes, which corresponded to intertwined phlegm and blood stasis pattern and phlegm-stasis obstructing meridians pattern, respectively. The manifestations of CM syndromes often appeared in a combination of 2 or more syndrome elements. The most common combination of these 7 subgroups was wind-phlegm. The 7 subgroups of CM syndrome elements were specifically manifested as pathogenic wind, pathogenic phlegm, and deficiency pathogens.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There were 7 main symptom similarity-based subgroups in ischemic stroke patients, and their specific characteristics were obvious. The main syndromes were wind phlegm pattern and hyperactivity of Gan yang pattern.

The crystal structure and oxygen reduction reaction of Ni(II)-complex templated borate-sulfate and borate.

Three nickel borate compounds, [Ni(1-MI)6]·[B(OH)3]4·SO4 (1-MI = 1-methylimidazole) (1), [Ni(H2O)3(1-MI)3]·[B5O6(OH)4]2 (2) and [Ni(DMA3)]·[B6O7(OH)6]·3.5H2O (DMA3 = N,N-dimethylethylenediamine) (3), have been synthesized. It is noteworthy that the structures of 1 and 2 can be adjusted by varying the ratio of amine. Compound 3 has shown an unexpected example of unique water clusters in its structure. The three frameworks exhibit different interlinkage modes, resulting in channels varying in their size and shape. These compounds have been characterized by FTIR, UV-vis and PXRD. In addition, 1, 2, and 3 exhibited different wide band gaps (4.4 eV for 1, 4.5 eV for 2 and 4.4 eV for 3), and ORR activities with a half-wave potential of 0.78 V for 1, 0.74 V for 2 and 0.79 V for 3.

Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvents extraction of glabridin and isoliquiritigenin from Glycyrrhiza glabra: Optimization, extraction mechanism and in vitro bioactivities.

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is extensively used owing to the superior pharmacological effects. However, its maximum application potential has not been fully exploited due to the limitation of currently available extraction solvent and methods. In this study, an eco-friendly deep eutectic solvent (NADESs) based ultrasound-assisted extraction (DES-UAE) method was applied to prepare licorice extracts. The DES-UAE using choline chloride and lactic acid as solvent was optimized and modeled by using response surface methodology to maximize the extraction yields of glabridin (GLA) and isoliquiritigenin (ISL). The optimized extracts possessed higher contents of GLA and ISL than available extraction methods, and the enriched products showed superior pharmacological activities in vitro. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular dynamic simulation analyses were performed to deeply investigate the interaction between solvent and targeted compounds. This study not only provides an eco-friendly method for high-efficient extraction of GLA and ISL from licorice but also illustrates the mechanism of the increased extraction efficacy, which may contribute to the application of licorice and deep insight into extraction mechanism using DES.

Sesquiterpenes from Fissistigma glaucescens inhibiting the proliferation of synoviocytes.

Two new sesquiterpenes, litseachrandaevanes C and D (1 and 2), together with five known sesquiterpenes (3 - 7), were isolated from the stems of Fissistigma glaucescens (Hance) Merr. Their structures were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. The inhibitory effect of all compounds on the proliferation of primary synovial cells was evaluated. Compound 3 showed inhibitory effect on the proliferation of synoviocytes, with an IC50 value of 12.5 µM.

A survey on the scientific research competitiveness of newly-established medical universities — taking four medical colleges in Shanghai, Shaanxi, Zhejiang and Fujian of China as examples / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To provide reference for the construction and development of medical colleges and universities by comparing the scientific research competitiveness of four newly-established medical universities in Shanghai, Shaanxi, Zhejiang and Fujian of China.Methods:Four young state-owned medical universities, founded successively from 2015 in Shanghai, Shaanxi, Zhejiang and Fujian provinces, were selected as the research samples. Both CNKI and WoS databases were used to conduct comparative bibliometric analysis of high-quality literature published in core Chinese and foreign journals during 2016 to 2020 from such perspectives as number of papers, discipline distribution, source titles and funding, etc.Results:All four universities have displayed an increasing trend of publishing literature in core Chinese and foreign journals, but there are relatively fewer literature published in top international journals. The university from Shaanxi leads the other three with most indexes, and the two universities from Shanghai and Zhejiang stand close, while the one from Fujian lags behind, indicating a gap of scientific research competitiveness among the four.Conclusion:The reasons for the existing gap are potentially related to different college foundation and history, orientation and objectives, as well as the strength of scientific research team. Newly-built medical universities should keep deepening the comprehensive reform of medical education and strengthening comprehensive power of scientific research competitiveness.

Chronic injury of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells induced by different doses of radiation / 环境与职业医学

Background The chronic injury of the hematopoietic system caused by ionizing radiation (IR) is often ignored. The essential cause of this injury is the damage of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Objective To explore the long-term effects of IR at different radiation doses and at different radiation fractions of the same radiation dose on HSPCs in the bone marrow of mice, and to provide a scientific basis for reducing the chronic damage to the hematopoietic system caused by IR. Methods A total of 16 male C57BL/6 mice aged 8-10 weeks were randomly divided into four groups that received different doses or fractions of total body X-ray irradiation, including 1.5 Gy×4 irradiation group (n=5), 3 Gy irradiation group (n=4), 6 Gy irradiation group (n=4), and non-irradiation group (n=3). Two months after irradiation, bone marrow cells from each mouse were collected and counted. The clone forming ability of bone marrow cells was analyzed by cobblestone area-forming cell (CAFC) assay. The proportion of HSPCs was measured by flow cytometry. The cell cycle of HSPCs was assessed by antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki 67 (Ki-67) and 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD) double staining. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of HSPCs were estimated with a 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) probe. The cellular senescence of HSPCs was evaluated with a 5-dodecanoylaminofluorescein di-β-D-galactopyranoside (C12FDG) probe. The expression of senescence related genes such as P16, P19, P21, and P27 was measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results There was no significant change in the numbers of bone marrow cells 2 months after different doses and fractions of radiation (P>0.05). The clone forming ability of bone marrow cells was significantly decreased after 3 Gy and 6 Gy irradiation when compared to non-irradiated mice (P<0.01). HSPCs responded inconsistently to different doses and fractions of irradiation. Overall, there was no significant change in long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) proportion after irradiation (P>0.05), the proportions of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), short-term hematopoietic stem cells (ST-HSCs), and multipotent progenitors 2 (MPP2) increased after irradiation (P<0.05), and the proportions of LSK, MPP1, MPP3, and MPP4 cells decreased after irradiation (P<0.05); except for HPCs and MPP2, the proportion of HSPCs in G0 phase was decreased (P<0.05). The ROS production in HSPCs was increased significantly after 6 Gy irradiation (P<0.05), while the ROS levels after 3 Gy and 1.5 Gy×4 irradiation were similar to that of the non-radiation group (P>0.05). The cellular senescent proportion of HPCs, LSK, and HSCs increased after irradiation (P<0.05). The expression levels of senescence related genes P16, P19, and P21 in HSCs were significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion The responses of HSPCs in bone marrow to IR vary depending on doses and fractions of irradiation. Increased ROS production and cellular senescence may be involved in the damage process of HSPCs under radiation settings.

A single nucleotide polymorphism in the IL1RL1 gene is associated with Behcet's disease in a Chinese Han population.

AIM: To explore the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL33/IL1RL1 gene region with the susceptibility to Behcet's disease (BD) in a Chinese Han population. METHODS: A total of eight SNPs in the candidate gene region (rs11792633, rs7025417, rs10975519 and rs1048274 in IL33; rs2310220, rs12712142, rs13424006 and rs3821204 in IL1RL1) were genotyped in783 BD patients and 701 healthy controls by the Sequenom Mass Array iPLEX platform. RESULTS: A statistically significant association was observed between IL1RL1 rs12712142 and BD patients. The frequency of IL1RL1 rs12712142 variant allele A was significantly lower in BD patients than that in controls (OR=0.8, 95%CI: 0.69-0.94, Pc=0.039); the genotype distribution (Pc=0.043) and additive and dominant genetic model analyses (OR=0.8, 95%CI: 0.69-0.94, Pc=0.040 and OR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.58-0.88, Pc=0.011) also indicated a strong association between rs12712142 and BD patients. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to reveal the association between IL1RL1 rs12712142 variant allele A and the decreased risk of BD in the Chinese Han population, indicating a protective role of IL1RL1 in the pathogenesis of BD.

Recent Advances in Crystalline Oxidopolyborate Complexes of d-Block or p-Block Metals: Structural Aspects, Syntheses, and Physical Properties.

Crystalline materials containing hybrid inorganic-organic metal borates (complexes with oxidoborate ligands) display a variety of novel framework building blocks. The structural aspects of these hybrid metallaoxidoborates containing Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ga(III), In(III), Mn(II), Ni(II) or Zn(II) metal centers are discussed in this review. The review describes synthetic approaches to these hybrid materials, their physical properties, their spectroscopic properties and their potential applications.

Frequency-dependent Alterations in Amplitude of Low-frequency Fluctuations in Resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Post Stroke Aphasia / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the characteristics of local brain neural activity in post stroke aphasia (PSA) patients in different frequency bands and the relationship between Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) scores and specific frequency bands. Methods:From March, 2015 to May, 2018, 15 PSA patients, and 15 healthy adults as controls matched for age, gender and education were recruited. They were assessed with WAB and scaned with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) on the frequency bands of 0.01-0.08 Hz, 0.027-0.073 Hz, and 0.01-0.027 Hz were calculated. The ALFF and fALFF in different frequency bands were extracted and the correlation with the WAB scores in the patients were analyzed. Results:On 0.01-0.08 Hz, ALFF increased in the right precentral gyrus in the patients. On 0.027-0.073 Hz, ALFF increased values in the right precentral gyrus, and fALFF decreased in the right cerebellar Crus2 region; fALFF in the right cerebellar Crus2 region negatively correlated with the scores of information content (r = -0.576, P = 0.025), auditory comprehension (r = -0.658, P = 0.008), repetition (r = -0.616, P = 0.014) and aphasia quotient (r = -0.611, P = 0.016) of WAB. On 0.01-0.027 Hz, the fALFF decreased in the left inferior parietal limbic gyrus, and positively correlated with the scores of information content (r = 0.538, P = 0.039) and aphasia quotient (r = 0.526, P = 0.044). Conclusion:Resting-state fALFF abnormalities in PSA patients are frequency-dependent, which associate with some frequency-specific neurofunctional alterations.

Development of A Patient-reported Outcomes Scale for Post-stroke Aphasia Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Holism / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To develop a patient-reported outcomes (PRO) scale for post-stroke aphasia based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) holism. Methods:Referring to the TCM holism, the theoretical model was established following the standard process for the development of the PRO scale. An item pool was established and optimized with case review, patient interview, expert questionnaire survey and consensus conference. The PRO scale was established finally. Results:A pool of post-stroke aphasia items based on the holistic view of TCM was constructed in the physical, psychological and social model. The Expert Comment Form for the PRO Scale for Aphasia after Stroke was formed after sorting out the item pool. After expert surveys and meeting discussion, 40 items were finally selected to form the first version of Patient-reported Outcomes Scale for Post-stroke Aphasia-TCM. Conclusion:The first version of Patient-reported Outcomes Scale for Post-stroke Aphasia-TCM has been developed based on the TCM holism and the concept of PRO, which can be evaluated clinically.

Identification of Hypertension Subgroups through Topological Analysis of Symptom-Based Patient Similarity / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To obtain the subtypes of the clinical hypertension population based on symptoms and to explore the relationship between hypertension and comorbidities.@*METHODS@#The data set was collected from the Chinese medicine (CM) electronic medical records of 33,458 hypertension inpatients in the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between July 2014 and May 2017. Then, a hypertension disease comorbidity network (HDCN) was built to investigate the complicated associations between hypertension and their comorbidities. Moreover, a hypertension patient similarity network (HPSN) was constructed with patients' shared symptoms, and 7 main hypertension patient subgroups were identified from HPSN with a community detection method to exhibit the characteristics of clinical phenotypes and molecular mechanisms. In addition, the significant symptoms, diseases, CM syndromes and pathways of each main patient subgroup were obtained by enrichment analysis.@*RESULTS@#The significant symptoms and diseases of these patient subgroups were associated with different damaged target organs of hypertension. Additionally, the specific phenotypic features (symptoms, diseases, and CM syndromes) were consistent with specific molecular features (pathways) in the same patient subgroup.@*CONCLUSION@#The utility and comprehensiveness of disease classification based on community detection of patient networks using shared CM symptom phenotypes showed the importance of hypertension patient subgroups.

Trinuclear Cd3O14 hexaborate and two nickel borates based on molten salt synthesis and precursor synthesis: structure, characterization, and properties.

In this work, different synthetic methods were used to prepare metal borates. One cadmium borate Cd3[B6O9(OH)2]2·2NO3·4H2O (1) and two nickel borate Ni0.8Mn0.2{B6O7(OH)3[O(CH2)2NH2]3} (2), [Ni(1-MI)6]·[B5O6(OH)4]2·2DMF (3, 1-MI = 1-methylimidazole, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide) species were successfully prepared. The structures of these three compounds were confirmed via single crystal powder X-ray diffraction (SCPXRD), elemental analysis, FTIR, PXRD, and ICP studies. Compound 1 was prepared via molten salt synthesis, and compounds 2 and 3 were prepared via precursor synthesis, which is a synthetic method that uses a certain polyanionic cluster as a reagent. Compound 1 shows a novel three-dimensional (3D) structure, in which the [B6O11(OH)2] units acting as the basic polyanionic cluster form a two-dimensional (2D) anionic structure. In addition, the unexpected Cd3O14 clusters are connected with the 2D structures, leading to the 3D structure. The crystal structure of 2 is packed with very large neutral Ni0.8Mn0.2{B6O7(OH)3[O(CH2)2NH2]3} oxo-metal-boron clusters. The crystal structure of 3 consists of a [B5O6(OH)4]- cluster, a DMF molecule, and a [Ni(1-MI)6]2+ complex. In particular, 2 was successfully constructed using the same hexaborate cluster as its precursor. However, 3 only contains Ni2+ cations when a neutral NixMn1-x[B6O7(OH)6] cluster was used as an initial reagent, and it shows an ability to select a certain metal cation during the self-assembly process. Moreover, compounds 1, 2, and 3 exhibit different wide band gaps of 3.06 eV (1), 3.95 eV (2), and 4.24 eV (3).

Subconjunctival injections of triamcinolone acetonide to treat uveitic macular edema.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injections for treating uveitic macular edema (UME). METHODS: This retrospective case series study included patients with UME who received subconjunctival TA injections with a minimum follow-up period of 6mo. The main outcome measure was central macular thickness (CMT). The secondary outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), recurrence rate and intraocular pressure (IOP). RESULTS: In total, 65 patients (80 eyes), mainly including idiopathic uveitis in 33 patients (50.77%) and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome in 19 patients (29.23%), were enrolled in this study. The mean CMT decreased from 457.6±173.0 µm at baseline to 325.9±176.8, 302.7±148.2, 332.2±177.3 and 270.6±121.6 µm at 1-, 2-, 3- and 6-months postinjection, respectively (all P<0.001). BCVA increased from logMAR 0.5±0.3 at baseline to logMAR 0.4±0.3, 0.4±0.3, 0.4±0.4 and 0.4±0.3 at the 1-, 2-, 3- and 6-months postinjection visits, respectively (all P<0.001). Twenty-one (21/80, 26.25%) eyes underwent relapse of UME within 6mo. A total of 20/80 (25%) eyes exhibited elevated IOPs, of which 13 eyes were controlled with topical IOP-lowering agents and 7 eyes underwent surgical removal of subconjunctival TA deposit. CONCLUSION: Subconjunctival TA injections appear to be safe and effective for UME.