[Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Three Haze Pollution Processes in Chengdu in Winter].

Based on the online monitoring data of gaseous pollutants and components in PM2.5 from Chengdu super observatory of atmospheric environment, the meteorological factors and component characteristics of three haze pollution process in Chengdu from 2019 to 2020 were analyzed. The CMB model was adopted to simulate the sources and variation trends of PM2.5 pollution during the study period, and the causes of each pollution process were analyzed. The results showed that all the three pollution processes occurred under adverse meteorological conditions, where the relative humidity and temperature continued to rise and the wind speed and boundary layer height continued to decrease. The average daily relative humidity was greater than 70%, average daily temperature was greater than 8℃, average daily wind speed was less than 0.8 m ·s-1, and average daily boundary layer height was less than 650 m. During the three events of pollution, the main components were NO3-, OC, NH4+, and SO42-. Among them, the mass concentration and proportion of NO3- increased by 1.47-2.09 and 0.22-0.35 times, respectively, during the pollution period as compared to those during the clean period. NO3- was a key component of PM2.5 pollution during winter in Chengdu. During the three pollution processes, the mean values of SOR and NOR were 0.40 and 0.27, respectively, and the secondary transformation degree of SO2 and NOx was high. The conversion of SO2 to SO42- was mainly dominated by heterogeneous oxidation at night, and the conversion of NOx to NO3- was dominated by heterogeneous hydrolysis. The characteristics of the three processes were slightly different. Process Ⅰ showed evident secondary nitrate-dominated characteristics. During the period of rising PM2.5 concentration in process Ⅱ, it was mainly affected by coal emissions, but during the periods of high PM2.5 concentration, it was mainly affected by NO3-. Process Ⅲ was also a nitrate-dominated process, but emissions of fossil fuel combustion had increased during certain polluted periods. Secondary nitrate, secondary sulfate, motor vehicles, and coal combustion were the main pollution sources during the study period. The PM2.5 concentration was positively correlated with the contribution of secondary nitrate and negatively correlated with the contribution of dust source.

[Fine Particulate Matter Source Profile of Typical Industries in Sichuan Province].

An electrical low pressure impactor particle monitor was used to monitor typical industries in Sichuan Province, such as cement, glass, ceramic, brick-tile, coal-fired boiler, biomass boiler, power plant, and steel industry. Fine particulate matter source profiles of each industry were developed based on the laboratory analysis. The results showed that Si, Ca, and Mg were the major elements of building industry particulate matter emission. Sulfate emission from double sodium-calcium was higher than from other desulfurization technologies in the building industry. The main chemical components of PM2.5 from power plants were SO42-, Ca2+, NH4+, Mg, and Si, while OC, Al, Si, and Ca were the main chemical components of PM2.5 from coal-fired boilers. The content of OC was the most abundant in biomass briquette boiler particulate matter emissions, followed by K and EC. In term of the biomass fuel boiler PM2.5 source profile, OC, EC, and Cl- were the major chemical components. Ca was the largest component of PM2.5 from the steel industry, accounting for 18.11% of the total PM2.5 emission, followed by SO42-, Na+, and Fe.