Spray performance and control efficacy against pests in paddy rice by UAV-based pesticide application: effects of atomization, UAV configuration and flight velocity.

BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayers have emerged as valuable tools for pesticide application across various crops. Despite their increasing usage, the impact of several factors on spray performance and control efficacy in paddy fields warrants further investigation. This study examines atomization characteristics using a UAV spray test platform. Our evaluation of field spraying performance considers three UAV models, two nozzle types, two flight velocities, and adding methylated vegetable oil adjuvant (MVOA), in comparison with the electrical knapsack sprayer (EKS). RESULTS: Atomization characteristics demonstrated consistency within the downwash airflow field, but were influenced by spray solution, nozzle type, and spray pressure. The eight-rotor UAV sprayer excelled over the quad-rotor model in terms of spray deposition across both upper and lower rice canopies. The six-rotor UAV exhibited enhanced spray deposition, droplet density, and coverage at a flight velocity of 4 m s-1 . The choice of nozzle was pivotal; the flat fan nozzle produced finer droplets with desirable deposition and coverage, whereas the air-induction nozzle created larger droplets with consistent coverage at various flight velocities. Adding MVOA improved the physicochemical properties of the spray and its performance, yielding a more uniform distribution. When compared with the EKS, UAVs showed lower deposition but comparable spray penetration. Control efficacy with the UAV sprayer was less effective against Mythimna separata but achieved 81% efficacy against Laodelphax striatellus within 7 days. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that UAV sprayers, particularly when combined with tank-mix adjuvants and nozzle types, can be highly effective for controlling rice pests. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

The investigation of exercise-induced fatigue on pesticide spraying operation / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the exercise-induced fatigue in operators during pesticide spraying based on surface electromyography (sEMC) signals and heart rate.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The sEMG signals were recorded from the right trapezius, biceps brachii, extensor digitorum, and flexor digitorum of 19 operators by portable electromyography units during pesticide spraying using 3WS-16 manual sprayers. Meanwhile, the heart rate of operators was measured by the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring system. The changes in median frequency and heart rate were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pesticide spraying was defined as low-intensity labor. The median frequency of the right trapezius, biceps brachii, extensor digitorum, and flexor digitorum decreased significantly as pesticide spraying went on (P < 0.05). The body remained in a state of slight fatigue from 8 min after pesticide spraying began to the end of the operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The degree of exercise-induced fatigue of operators can be evaluated based on sEMG signals and heart rate during pesticide spraying.</p>