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Objective:To investigate the value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)and related techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis in children.Methods:The clinical data of 16 children with chronic pancreatitis diagnosed in the Department of Gastroenterology at Beijing Children′s Hospital from January 2021 to January 2022, who had ERCP indications were analyzed retrospectively, including age, sex, operation time, postoperative complications and follow-up data.Results:Thirty nine ERCP operations were performed in 16 children, with the age of (7.20±2.51) years old, and the minimum weight of 13 kg.There were 7 males and 9 females.The clinical manifestations were upper abdominal pain in all cases, 3 patients with dyspnea, 1 patient with gastrointestinal bleeding, and 1 patient with diabetes.In terms of etiology, 16 cases were diagnosed by ERCP including, 7 cases with pancreatic divisum, 1 case with abnormal pancreaticobile duct confluence.Among the 16 children, 11 had gene examination with 9 gene mutations (including 7 cases SPINK1 mutation, 1 case PRSS mutation, and 1 case CFTR mutation).The operation time was 30 to 65 minutes, and the median was 43 minutes.The operation time was negative correlation with age, while there was no correlation with the anatomical structure abnormality or the gene mutation.Among the 16 children, 15 were placed with pancreatic duct stents, with a success rate of 93.8%.Three children had postoperative pancreatitis, the rest had hyperamylasemia.Postoperative complications were not related with the age, the anatomical structure abnormality or the gene mutation.All children had been followed up for more than one year.All children have not suffered from pancreatitis again, and the body mass index had increased significantly after operation than before( P<0.05).The ERCP operation was performed 2 to 4 times in children after stent replacement, and the time of stent replacement ranged from 3 months to 12 months. Conclusion:The main causes of chronic pancreatitis in children are anatomical abnormalities or gene mutations.ERCP and related techniques are minimally invasive, safe and effective in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of Epstein-Barr(EB)virus associated gastroenteritis, aiming to improve the diagnosis and treatment.Methods:The clinical data of 8 patients diagnosed as EB virus associated gastroenteritis in Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Children′s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed from January 2017 to December 2021 including the clinical data, laboratory examination, endoscopic and imaging findings, medications and clinical prognosis.Results:There were eight cases with the male: female ratio 6: 2, the average age 7.46 years, and history 20 d to 3 years.Main clinical manifestations were abdominal pain(7/8), diarrhea(4/8), bloody stools(3/8), fever(2/8), hematemesis(1/8), with the high load of serum EB virus DNA in 4 cases.The endoscopic features were rough mucosa, edema, erosion, boundary clear shallow ulcer.The EB virus-encoded small RNA(EBER)was positive in situ hybridization(8/8).The frequently affected sites were upper gastrointestinal tract(3/8), small intestine(2/8)and colon(4/8).The common complications were sepsis(3/8)and mild malnutrition(3/8).All patients became better by the enteral nutrition and antiviral therapy.Conclusion:The EB virus associated gastroenteritis is rare with the serious complications, the non-specific clinical manifestations.The clinical doctors should improve the understanding of this disease in order to improve the diagnosis and therapy.Clinicians should pay more attention to the test of EB virus in serum and membrane, then carry out the accurate treatment.
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Objective:To investigate endoscopic and clinical characteristics of intestinal Behcet′s disease (BD) in children.Methods:General information, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, imaging examinations and endoscopic characteristics of 14 children with intestinal BD treated in the Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2016 to March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Fourteen children with intestinal BD were recruited, involving 5 males and 9 females with the age of 1 month to 12 years and 11 months [(6.68±3.73) years old], and a median disease course of 6 months.All of them had gastrointestinal symptoms, including 11 cases with abdominal pain, 7 cases with diarrhea and 2 cases with vomiting.Complications of children with intestinal BD included gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal perforation and stenosis.Extragastrointestinal symptoms included recurrent oral aphthosis in all the 14 cases, fever in 11 cases, skin lesions in 9 cases, vascular manifestations in 8 cases, positive pathergy test in 6 cases, joint manifestations in 5 cases, neurological manifestations in 1 case, and malnutrition in 6 cases.Observed by the endoscopy, lesions were mainly distributed in the distal ileum [61.5%(8/13 cases)]and ileocecal part[53.8%(7/13 cases)], with the main manifestation of ulcer.There were 3 cases with single ulcer and 10 cases with multiple ulcers, including 7 cases with deep and large ulcers.Pathological examinations of endoscopic lesions showed that the main features were mucosa chronic nonspecific inflammation, mucosa chronic active inflammation with ulcer and vasculitis.Conclusions:Clinical manifestations of intestinal BD vary a lot and are non-specific.Some children with intestinal BD may develop severe complications.Endoscopic lesions of intestinal BD have certain characteristics, which contribute to the diagnosis.Gastroenterologists need to be fully aware of intestinal BD.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of the endoscopic selective varices devascularization (ESVD) for the esophageal gastric varices bleeding (EGVB) in children.@*Methods@#The clinical data of the patients diagnosed with EGVB and treated with ESVD from January 2018 to March 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The effects, safety and complications of ESVD were evaluated.@*Results@#There were five patients (including 2 males and 3 females, age ranged from 4 to 7 years) in the study. No rebleeding was found at the first follow-up on one week post operation. Three patients were treated with the endo-therapy at the twice follow-up (3 months after surgery): 2 patients had ESVD again and 1 patient had resection under endoscopy due to stenosis caused by surgical scar. After the second procedure, there was no rebleeding but one patient had abdominal pain caused by mesenteric thrombosis, cured with low molecular weight heparin.@*Conclusion@#The ESVD for EGVB is safe and effective, but the long-term curative effect should be further studied.
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Objective To investigate the differences of histopathological diagnosis between the endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) specimens and the biopsy specimens,and to evaluate the value and the limitation of EMR in diagnosis of early esophageal cancers and its precursor lesions.Methods A retrospective analysis on 217 lesions with early esophageal cancers or the precursor lesions treated by EMR was performed.The differences between pathological diagnoses of biopsy and EMR were compared.Results Compared with pathologic diagnosis after EMR,the yield of biopsy consisted of 41.9％ (91/217) as under-diagnosed,15.7％ (34/217) as over-diagnosed,and 42.4％ (92/217) as consistent.EMR diagnosis also explicated the differentiation,the grade,the invasive depth and the lympho-vascular infiltration of the lesions.Conclusion The endoscopic biopsy diagnosis is limited for the pathological diagnosis of early esophageal cancer and precancerous lesions,while the EMR sample can provide objective diagnosis and provide the guideline for the further treatment.
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Objective To identify endoscopic and the endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) features of esophageal tuberculosis.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 39 cases (mean age 50.7) of esophageal tuberculosis diagnosed by endoscopy and EUS in past 6 years.Results A total of 29 lesions were found in the middle part of esophagus,and 5 in upper and lower part,respectively.The lesions under endoscope demonstrated as protrusion in 30 and ulceration in 9.EUS found esophageal wall thickness in 9 cases,intra-wall occupying lesion in 17,mediastinum occupying lesions involving esophagus in 13,and calcified lymph nodes in mediastinum which was integrated with esophageal outer wall in 28 cases.Conclusion The esophageal tuberculosis occurs mainly in the middle part of the esophagus,and appears as protrusion and ulceration under endoscopy.EUS can find occupying lesions intra-or out of the esophageal wall,and full layer thickness,which can accompany calcified lymph nodes in meidastinum,and can be the basis of diagnosis.
