HPV vaccination intention among guardians of female secondary school students in Chongqing, China.

Background: In China, Chongqing is the first province implement a province-wide HPV vaccination free program for female students. Given the HPV vaccination of adolescents is largely dependent on the intent of their guardians, this study examined the factors associated with the parental intention to vaccinate their daughter against HPV. And we could explore how to change the factors to incentivize more guardians to vaccinate their children.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional survey designed by multi-stage non-randomized sampling. Study participants were guardians of female students of second year of junior high in all districts and counties of Chongqing, who were most knowledgeable about the immunization status of the adolescents. Data was collected by an online survey platform between December, 2022 to March, 2023.Results: We collected 20, 642 valid samples. Among the participating guardians, nearly 40% guardians had never heard of HPV and HPV vaccine. 68.8% guardians considered vaccinating their children against HPV, 12.5% guardians had vaccinated or vaccinating HPV vaccine for their children, and only 16.7% were reluctant to vaccinate for their children right now. Some individual characteristics of guardians (e.g. age, number of the children) were associated with the intention of HPV vaccines. Sufficient knowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine would promote the HPV vaccination, and vaccine hesitancy prevented guardians from vaccinating their children.Conclusions: Majority of guardians held a positive intention to vaccinate their daughter, higher than the foreign uptake. Exploring the methods of social propaganda to promote HPV-related knowledge and reduce the safety concerns of guardians could help improve HPV vaccination intention.

Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Congenital and Neonatal Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Study.

INTRODUCTION: Limited studies have explored the clinical features, treatment, and prognosis of neonatal tuberculosis (TB). Here, we attempted to delineate the clinical characteristics of neonatal TB, which may help clinicians further understand this disease. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of neonates diagnosed with congenital and/or neonatal TB disease from January 2010 to December 2020 was performed. Information on the demographic and epidemiological features, clinical symptoms, laboratory and imaging examinations, therapeutic regimens, and outcomes was collected. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to present the time to disease onset, time to diagnosis, etc. Results: Forty-eight cases of neonatal TB were classified into congenital (n = 33) and postnatal (n = 15). The median time to disease onset in postnatal group was significantly longer than that in congenital group. Positive results for gastric fluid acid-fast bacilli, TB culture, Xpert MTB/RIF, interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), and tuberculin skin test were detected in 26/48 (54.2%), 14/34 (41.2%), 11/18 (61.1%), 19/29 (65.5%), and 8/24 (33.3%) patients, respectively. For lymphadenopathy, computed tomography (CT) scans showed a higher detection rate than did X-ray (80.0% vs. 0). Of the 48 infants, 44/48 (91.7%) received anti-TB therapy, and 33/44 (75%) were clinically improved or cured after 22.1 months (interquartile range: 12.4-27.7) of follow-up. Drug-induced liver injury occurred in 14/44 (31.8%) patients. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: IGRA and Xpert MTB/RIF showed good positive rate in neonatal TB infection/disease. In cases where TB is presumed but etiological evidence is lacking, low-dose CT could be considered. Prompt treatment under careful surveillance is important for preventing mortality and avoiding severe adverse effects.

Vaccination coverage and immunization safety among children with special health status in Chongqing, China.

Vaccination of children with special health status has become one of the most urgent issues in China. We aim to evaluate vaccination coverage and safety as well as its associated factors among children with special health status in China during 2016‒2020. We conducted a retrospective cohort review of all children with special health status recorded in the Electronic Immunization Registries System in Chongqing, China, between 2016 and 2020. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the influence factors. Among the 2,175 children with special health status enrolled in the study, the overall vaccination coverage rate was lower than that among the general population, and the incidence of adverse event in them following immunization was very rare. Children with congenital heart disease were better vaccinated (aOR = 1.508-6.331), while most of the jaundice children had missed vaccination (aOR = 0.441‒0.556). The purchase of vaccine compensation insurance was associated with higher completion rate of basic immunization for Bacillus Calmette-G vaccine (aOR = 1.706, 95% CI: 1.249‒2.329) and rotavirus vaccine (aOR = 1.346, 95% CI: 1.061‒1.708). Children with special health status can be safely vaccinated. However, the vaccination coverage in these huge and vulnerable group is too low to protect them from vaccine-preventable diseases through immunization. More researches and interventions should be conducted to ensure a higher vaccination rate among the children with special health status.

Case report: A case of severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin.

According to analyses of etiology, clinical features, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies by summarizing a case of unexplained acute hepatitis recently experienced, we are aiming to provide some information to enrich the clinical experience in diagnosis and treatment of severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology in young children. A boy, aged 10 years and 6 months old, was admitted to the hospital due to acute abdominal pain, jaundice, and exceptionally high levels of ALT and AST. A range of measures, including patient history, physical examination, and routine laboratory testing, were performed. Furthermore, strategies such as trio-based next-generation sequencing (Trio-NGS) and liver biopsy, as well as metagenomic NGS (mNGS) of blood and liver samples were also performed. In summary, this case was an acute severe non-A-E hepatitis that is a probable case with hepatitis of unknown origin. Immunohistochemical analysis showed an immune injury in liver tissues. Torque teno virus (TTV) sequences were detected by mNGS assay. As for treatment strategies, in addition to general treatment, this patient also underwent plasmapheresis and methylprednisolone treatment due to disease deterioration. The patient's liver function was improved afterward and discharged after one month of treatment. Taken together, this work reported the clinical feature and treatment of severe acute hepatitis with non-A-E hepatitis in detail. The potential mechanism of liver damage might be due to an immune attack in which TTV might play a role as a co-factor.

A study on relationship between the incidence of measles and nosocomial exposure at measles epidemic season in Chongqing.

After measles vaccine supplementary immunization, the epidemiological characteristics of measles have changed in Chongqing, China. In addition, according to data from the National Measles Surveillance Information System, the proportion of measles cases with a history of hospital visit 7 to 21 days prior to onset of measles increased year by year to 32.1% in 2016. Further studies are necessary to eliminate the influence of nosocomial exposure on measles. We performed a case-control study in seven districts of Chongqing from June to August 2016 to identify risk factors for measles virus infection and susceptibility. Laboratory-confirmed measles who younger than 5 years old were matched with one control by age and residence. We interviewed case patients and controls regarding potential risk factors for measles virus infection and susceptibility. Unadjusted and adjusted matched odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using non-conditional logistic regression. After a cross-sectional analysis of the behavioral characteristics of visiting hospitals in the case and control groups, it was found that there was a difference between the two groups in the choice of hospitals visited for the first time (χ2 = 35.500, P = .000), and that nosocomial transmission risk tended to develop in outpatient services of respiratory medicine. After analysis using one-way ANOVA, the relationship between hospital visits prior to onset and the incidence risk of measles was that visiting hospitals five times within 1 to 3 weeks prior to onset affected the incidence (OR = 44.866, 95%CI = 5.938-338.981). The relationship between the number of types of hospitals visited prior to onset and the risk of nosocomial exposure to measles showed that visiting any community hospital, children's hospital, or general hospital had no risk, but visiting two or more of these hospitals affected the incidence (OR = 6.928, 95%CI = 3.849-13.754). Based on further analysis, the relationship between the number of hospital visits after onset and the risk of nosocomial exposure to measles was that the chances of visiting hospitals increased after onset. Risks of nosocomial exposure to measles and infections are high in pediatric hospitals. Nosocomial exposure risk factors should be considered when controlling measles.

The Biological Functions and Regulatory Mechanisms of Fatty Acid Binding Protein 5 in Various Diseases.

In recent years, fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5), also known as fatty acid transporter, has been widely researched with the help of modern genetic technology. Emerging evidence suggests its critical role in regulating lipid transport, homeostasis, and metabolism. Its involvement in the pathogenesis of various diseases such as metabolic syndrome, skin diseases, cancer, and neurological diseases is the key to understanding the true nature of the protein. This makes FABP5 be a promising component for numerous clinical applications. This review has summarized the most recent advances in the research of FABP5 in modulating cellular processes, providing an in-depth analysis of the protein's biological properties, biological functions, and mechanisms involved in various diseases. In addition, we have discussed the possibility of using FABP5 as a new diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for human diseases, shedding light on challenges facing future research.

Novel MRPS9-ALK Fusion Mutation in a Lung Adenocarcinoma Patient: A Case Report.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements account for approximately 5-6% of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. In this study, a case of lung adenocarcinoma harboring a novel MRPS9-ALK fusion is reported. The patient responded well to the first and second generation of ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKIs) (crizotinib then alectinib), as her imaging findings and clinical symptoms significantly improved. At last follow-up, over 21 months of overall survival (OS) has been achieved since ALK-TKI treatment. The progression-free survival (PFS) is already ten months since alectinib. The adverse effects were manageable. The case presented here provides first clinical evidence of the efficacy of ALK-TKIs in NSCLC patients with MRPS9-ALK fusion.

The influence of social network on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional survey in Chongqing, China.

The factors that lead to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy among health-care workers (HCWs) are unclear. We aimed to identify the factors that influence HCWs' hesitancy, especially the influence of their social network. Using an online platform, we surveyed HCWs in Chongqing, China, in January 2021 to understand the factors that influence the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among HCWs. Proportional allocation stratified sampling method was used to recruit respondents. Multivariable logistic regression and social network analysis (SNA) were used to analyze the influence factors. A total of 5247 HCWs were included and 23.3% of them were vaccine-hesitant. Participants were more hesitant if they had chronic diseases (OR = 1.411, 95% CI: 1.146-1.738), worked in tertiary hospitals (OR = 1.546, 95% CI: 1.231-1.942), and reported a history of vaccine hesitancy (OR = 1.637, 95% CI: 1.395-1.920) and refusal toward other vaccines (OR = 2.433, 95% CI: 2.067-2.863). The participants with a social network to communicate COVID-19 immunization were less hesitant (OR = 0.850, 95% CI: 0.728-0.993). Several influential members with social networks were found in SNA. Most of these influential members in the networks were department leaders who were willing to get COVID-19 vaccines (P < .05). Hesitant subgroups among Chinese HCWs were linked to the lack of a social network to communicate COVID-19 immunization. Our findings may lead to tailored interventions to enhance COVID-19 vaccine uptake among HCWs by targeting key members in social network.