Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for Determination of Enrofloxacin in Pork Liver and Chicken.

Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a widely used fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotic for antibacterial treatment of edible animal. In this study, a rapid and highly specific fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) was developed for monitoring ENR residues in animal foods. First, ENR was covalently coupled to bovine serum albumin (BSA) to produce specific polyclonal antibodies (pAbs). Three fluorescein-labeled ENR tracers (A, B, and C) with different spacers were synthesized and compared to obtain higher sensitivity. Tracer C with the longest arm showed the best sensitivity among the three tracers. The developed FPIA method showed an IC50 (50% inhibitory concentration) of 21.49 ng·mL-1 with a dynamic working range (IC20-IC80) of 4.30-107.46 ng·mL-1 and a limit of detection (LOD, IC10) of 1.68 ng·mL-1. The cross-reactivity (CR) of several structurally related compounds was less than 2%. The recoveries of spiked pork liver and chicken samples varied from 91.3% to 112.9%, and the average coefficients of variation were less than 3.83% and 5.13%, respectively. The immunoassay took only 8 min excluding sample pretreatment. This indicated that the established method had high sensitivity, specificity, and the advantages of simplicity. Therefore, the proposed FPIA provided a useful screening method for the rapid detection of ENR residues in pork liver and chicken.

Transferrin receptor-1 and VEGF are prognostic factors for osteosarcoma.

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma is aggressive and prognostic biomarkers are important to predict the outcomes of surgery and chemotherapy. Here, we investigated the potential of transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as prognostic markers of osteosarcoma. METHODS: TfR1 and VEGF in osteosarcoma samples from a cohort of 53 osteosarcoma patients were detected by immunohistochemistry analysis. The correlation of TfR1 and VEGF levels with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed by Pearson chi-square and Spearman-rho tests. Overall patient survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: We found that TfR1 and VEGF expression levels were low in 20.8% and 18.9%; modest in 35.8% and 35.8%; and high in 43.4% and 45.3% of osteosarcoma patients, respectively. TfR1 and VEGF expression was significantly correlated to histologic grade, Enneking stage, and distant metastasis. TfR1 expression was significantly correlated to VEGF expression and both TfR1 expression and VEGF expression were correlated to shorter overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: TfR1 and VEGF are potential prognostic factors for osteosarcoma.

H3K27me3 and VEGF is associated with poor prognosis in patients with synovial sarcoma.

PURPOSE: Previous studies have shown a correlation between the expression of H3K27me3 and pathological characteristics of malignant tumors. This study aimed to investigate the association of H3K27me3 and VEGF expression with clinical outcomes of synovial sarcoma patients. METHODS: This study included 48 patients with synovial sarcoma. H3K27me3 and VEGF levels were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining, and their correlation with clinical parameters was analyzed by Spearman's and Pearson's test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify potential prognostic factors. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze overall survival. RESULTS: Protein levels of both H3K27me3 and VEGF were significantly associated with histologic grade (P = 0.004, P = 0.042, respectively), metastasis (P = 0.009, P = 0.028, respectively), and AJCC staging (P < 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively). H3K27me3 and VEGF expression showed positive correlation (P < 0.001, R = 0.618). Both H3K27me3 and VEGF expression were significantly associated with shorter overall survival by univariate analysis, but the association was significant for H3K27me3 [P = 0.26, HR = 2.640 (1.124-6.200)] only by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: H3K27me3 and VEGF expression are both significantly associated with overall survival of synovial sarcoma, and H3K27me3 is a significant independent prognostic indicator in patients with synovial sarcoma.

The expression of SIRT1 regulates the metastaticplasticity of chondrosarcoma cells by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

SIRT1 belongs to the mammalian sirtuin family and plays an important role in deacetylating histone and nonhistone proteins. It is reported that SIRT1 is associated with tumor metastasis in several kinds of tumors. However, the effect of SIRT1 on the metastasis of chondrosarcoma cells is still unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that up and down-regulation of SIRT1 expression could significantly change the invasive and metastatic potential in chondrosarcoma cell line. Besides that, the result from the nude mice confirmed the effect of SIRT1 on metastasis of chondrosarcoma cells. Furthermore, we also found that SIRT1 effectively enhanced the metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in chondrosarcoma cells. Inhibition the expression of SIRT1 could block the incidence of metastasis and EMT in chondrosarcoma cells. In addition, we also observed that SIRT1 could enhance the expression of Twist which is a key transcriptional factor of EMT. A clinicopathological analysis showed that SIRT1 expression was significantly correlated with the poor prognosis of pelvis chondrosarcoma. Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that positive SIRT1 expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with pelvis chondrosarcoma. Taken together, these results indicate that SIRT1 may promote the metastasis of chondrosarcoma by inducing EMT and can be a potential molecular target for chondrosarcoma therapy.

CT-Guided Percutaneous Femoroplasty (PFP) for the Treatment of Proximal Femoral Metastases.

BACKGROUND: The spine, pelvis, skull, and femur are the most common sites of bone metastases, and pain is the main symptom of metastatic tumors. Percutaneous femoroplasty (PFP) is becoming increasingly popular for treating proximal femoral metastases. OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical value and feasibility of PFP performed under the guidance of computed tomography (CT). STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective clinical review comparing pain intensity and the ability to perform activities of daily living before and after treatment with PFP. SETTING: Single academic medical center. METHODS: Sixteen patients with proximal femoral metastasis were treated with PFP under CT guidance and followed up for 6 - 12 months. Pain intensity was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) and patients' quality of life was evaluated using the Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living (BIADL) preoperatively and at both 7 days and 6 months after PFP. RESULTS: The mean VAS score decreased from 7.44 ± 0.81 preoperatively to 2.69 ± 0.79 at 7 days postoperatively and 1.25 ± 0.93 at 6 months postoperatively. The BIADL score increased from 44.06 ± 9.53 preoperatively to 69.06 ± 8.61 at 7 days postoperatively and 83.13 ± 6.55 at 6 months postoperatively. No patients suffered from pulmonary embolism or complications such as pathologic fracture of the proximal femur. The median overall survival was 12 months. One patient experienced cement leakage into the hip, and the injection was immediately stopped. Then dexamethasone was injected intravenously to prevent potential pulmonary fat embolism caused by localized high pressure. LIMITATIONS: The study evaluated a single group of patients before and after CT-guided PFP and did not include a comparison with conventional fluoroscopic approaches in a large patient sample. CONCLUSION: Use of CT-guided PFP was associated with a low risk of complications and improvement in patients' quality of life. CT guidance made the operation easy and safe, and thus, this approach represents a potential treatment option for proximal femoral metastases if indications are observed closely.

The surgical management and treatment of metastatic lesions in the proximal femur: A mini review.

Review current treatments of metastatic lesions in the proximal femur.We reviewed published literature related to diagnosis and surgical treatments and summarized current treatment options.Surgical management mainly consist of internal fixation, hip replacement, and percutaneous femoroplasty (PFP) which has been newly applied in clinical practice.An appropriate series of treatments is necessary for patients to avoid the occurrence of paraplegia and prolong survival time.

Hypoxia-induced autophagy as an additional mechanism in human osteosarcoma radioresistance.

Osteosarcoma (OS) responds poorly to radiotherapy, but the mechanism is unclear. We found OS tumor tissues expressed high level of protein HIF-1α, a common biological marker indicative of hypoxia. It is known that hypoxic cells are generally radioresistant because of reduced production of irradiation-induced DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the anaerobic condition. Here we report another mechanism how hypoxia induces radioresistance. In MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells, hypoxic pretreatment increased the cellular survival in irradiation. These hypoxia-exposed cells displayed compartmental recruitment of GFP-tagged LC3 and expression of protein LC3-II, and restored the radiosensitivity upon autophagy inhibition. The following immunohistochemistry of OS tumor tissue sections revealed upregulated LC3 expression in a correlation with HIF-1α protein level, implying the possibly causative link between hypoxia and autophagy. Further studies in MG-63 cells demonstrated hypoxic pretreatment reduced cellular and mitochondrial ROS production during irradiation, while inhibition of autophagy re-elicited them. Taken together, our study suggests hypoxia can confer cells resistance to irradiation through activated autophagy to accelerate the clearance of cellular ROS products. This might exist in human osteosarcoma as an additional mechanism for radioresistance.

Expression of Leptin and Sirtuin-1 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with osteosarcoma.

Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is a downstream target of Leptin, and its inhibition promotes p53-mediated apoptosis. This study aimed to evaluate the expression and prognostic significance of Leptin and SIRT1 in osteosarcoma. Leptin and SIRT1 levels in osteosarcoma samples from 89 patients were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. The correlations between Leptin and SIRT1 expression with clinical parameters were analyzed by Spearman's test and Pearson's chi-squared test. Prognostic factors were identified by Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. We found that Leptin and SIRT1 expression was low in 23.6% and 20.2%; moderate in 25.8% and 24.7%; and high in 50.5% and 55.1% of patients with osteosarcoma, respectively. Both Leptin and SIRT1 expression were significantly associated with the Enneking stage, distant metastasis and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Leptin expression and SIRT1 expression were significantly correlated and they were significantly associated with shorter overall survival. Among osteosarcoma patients who received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, both Leptin and SIRT1 expression were significantly associated with overall survival of osteosarcoma patients in univariate analysis, but only SIRT1 expression was significantly associated with overall survival of osteosarcoma patients in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, Leptin and SIRT1 expressions are significantly associated with shorter overall survival of osteosarcoma patients, and SIRT1 expression is a significant independent prognostic indicator in patients with osteosarcoma.

Revision Surgical Treatment of a Second Lumbar Ewing Sarcoma: A Report of a Rare Case.

We report a case of a 58-year-old man who presented initially with lumbar pain.According to radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and bone biopsy results, Ewing sarcoma (ES) was diagnosed. Tumor resection was performed, followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy; pathology confirmed the diagnosis of ES. After surgery, the tumor recurred twice with progressive symptoms, meriting repeated excisional surgery. At the 4-year follow-up, the patient showed apparent improvement, with return of function and strength and resolution of pain.We discuss its clinical features and treatment in the light of the current knowledge.

C3 Vertebral Metastases From Tongue Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Rare Case Report.

We report a rare case involving a patient with C3 vertebral body metastasis secondary to adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tongue.Five years after local resection of the primary tumor, magnetic resonance imaging showed a metastasis located in the left posterior border of the C3 vertebral body. Additionally, multiple pulmonary metastases were identified by computed tomography. Based on these findings, the patient underwent C2-3, C3-4 discectomy; C3 corpectomy; and titanium mesh fusion with a Zephir plate. The diagnosis was confirmed by the pathology findings. During 6 months of follow-up, the patient showed improvement and return of function of the cervical vertebrae, with no serious complications.Because of the scarcity of cases of vertebral metastases from tumors of the tongue in the literature, we have reported this case to add to the available evidence regarding this rarely encountered condition.

Pathological clavicular fracture as first presentation of renal cell carcinoma: a case report and literature review.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of all cancer cases. RCCs usually metastasize to the lungs, bones, liver, or brain. Only <1% of patients with bone metastases manifested clavicular RCC metastases. Thus, clavicular metastasis as the initial presentation of RCC is extremely rare. We report a patient with RCC metastasis to the left clavicle, which was first presented with pain caused by a pathological fracture. Magnetic resonance image revealed a renal tumor, and technetium-99m-methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy showed multiple osseous metastases. The patient eventually underwent surgery to remove the lateral end of the left clavicle and right kidney. Histopathology revealed renal tumor and clear cell carcinoma in the clavicle. Finally, we review 17 cases of clavicular metastases originating from different malignancies.