RESUMO
Methyltin mercaptide is widely used as one of the best heat stabilizer in the polyvinylchloride (PVC) thermal processing due to its excellent stability, good transparency, high compatibility and weather resistance. The content of sulfur and tin significantly affects its quality and performance, so it is of great significance to develop an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of sulfur and tin. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) has been a powerful analytical tool for a myriad of complex samples owing to its advantages of the low detection limits, rapid and precise determinations over wide dynamic ranges, freedom from chemical inter-element interferences, the high sample throughput and above all, simultaneous multi-elements analysis. Microwave technique as a well-developed method for sample preparation can dramatically reduce the digestion time and the loss of volatile elements compared with the traditional open digestion. Hereby, a microwave-assisted acid digestion (MW-AAD) procedure followed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis was developed for the simultaneous determination of Sn and S in methyltin mercaptide. This method has the advantages of simplicity, rapidness, good accuracy, green and less use of samples. Parameters affecting the MW-AAD such as the digestion solution and digestion time were optimized by using a chemical analyzed reference sample (DX-181) to attain tin and sulfur quantitative recoveries. HNO3-HCl-HClO4 (v/v/v=9:3:1) and 10 min were the optimum digestion solution and digestion time, respectively. Under optimum conditions, the standard addition method and the standard calibration curve method were both been used to detect Sn and S in DX-181. There was no significant difference between two methods and the relative deviations to the chemical analysis values were both less than 2%. Additionally, the accuracy of the MW-AAD method was examined by analyzing three methyltin mercaptide samples (DX-181, DX-990, DX-960). The results were satisfactory with the relative deviations (<3%) and the recoveries of standard addition (99%~102%).
RESUMO
Two types of manganese oxides, the octahedral layer structure (OL) and the octahedral molecular tunnel structure (OMS), were controllably synthesized via a facilely hydrothermal route and used to remove heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Cu2+, Ni2+ , Hg2+) in solutions. The heavy metal ion concentrations before and after adsorption were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) to evaluate the material adsorption performance. The competitive adsorption of the four ions (Pb2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Hg2+) on manganese oxides was also investigated. The results showed that OMS exhibited better adsorption ability than OL and had excellent adsorption selectivity to Pb2+, with 98% adsorption efficiency in two minutes. Therefore, this can be proposed as a simple, green and efficient method for treatment of polluted water.
RESUMO
A simple method has been developed for the determination of silver in environmental water samples using solid phase extraction with tungsten-coil electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Silica gel was used as an adsorbent and packed into a syringe barrel for solid phase extraction of silver prior to its determination by using a portable tungsten-coil electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer. Optimum conditions for adsorption and desorption of silver ion, as well as interferences from co-existing ions, were investigated. A sample pH value of 6.0, a sample loading flow rate of 4.0 mL x min(-1), and the mixture of 4% (m/v) thiourea and 2% (phi) nitrate acid with the eluent flow rate of 0.5 mL x min(-1) for desorption were selected for further studies. Under optimal conditions, a linear range of 0.20-4.00 ng x mL(-1), a limit of detection (3sigma) of 0.03 ng x mL(-1) and a preconcentration factor of 94 were achieved. The proposed method was validated by testing three environmental water samples with satisfactory results.
