Adherence to 24-h movement guidelines among Chinese children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities.

BACKGROUND: Meeting 24-h movement guidelines for children and adolescents has been associated with improved health indicators. However, the literature examining adherence to 24-h movement guidelines among Chinese children and adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) remains lacking. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of meeting the 24-h movement guidelines and its socio-demographic correlates for this population. METHODS: The sample includes 319 Chinese students with ID. Accelerometers are used to measure moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time and sleep duration. Questionnaires are adopted to measure screen time (ST) and demographic factors. Associations among socio-demographic factors, body mass index and 24-h movement are analysed by using multivariable logistic regressions. RESULTS: The proportions of participants who meet none, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, ST, sleep duration and all three recommendations are 8.15%, 33.54%, 54.23%, 75.55% and 17.55%, respectively. In general, multivariable logistic regression analysis indicates that older participants are less likely to meet the ST guidelines [odds ratio (OR): 0.931; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.869-0.998] and more likely to meet the sleep guidelines (OR: 1.106; 95% CI: 1.016-1.204) than younger individuals. Participants with moderate ID are less likely to meet the sleep guidelines (OR: 0.345; 95% CI: 0.140-0.850) than those with profound ID. Individuals from families with middle-income (OR: 0.434; 95% CI: 0.226-0.836) and high-income (OR: 0.219; 95% CI: 0.080-0.605) levels were less likely to meet the physical activity guidelines than those from low-income families. Furthermore, participants from high-income families were less likely to meet ST (OR: 0.426; 95% CI: 0.187-0.969) and all three movement guidelines (OR: 0.083; 95% CI: 0.010-0.659) than those in the low household income groups. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions that improve the health-related behaviours of children and adolescents with ID are needed, particularly those that target their increased engagement in physical activity.

COVID-19 and bone health.

A few patients who have recovered from COVID-19 develop persistent or new symptoms that last for weeks or months; this is called "long COVID" or "post-COVID-19 syndrome." Over time, awareness of the short- and long-term consequences of COVID-19 has increased. The pulmonary consequences are now fairly well established, but little is known about the extrapulmonary system of COVID-19, particularly its effects on bones. Current evidence and reports indicate a direct relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and bone health, with SARS-CoV-2 having a significant negative effect on bone health. In this review, we analyzed the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on bone health and assessed the impact of COVID-19 on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis.

[Revision rate of periprosthetic joint infection post total hip or knee arthroplasty of 34 hospitals in China between 2015 and 2017: a multi-center survey].

Objective: To investigate the rate of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) revision surgeries and clinical information of hip-/knee- PJI cases nationwide from 2015 to 2017 in China. Methods: An epidemiological investigation. A self-designed questionnaire and convenience sampling were used to survey 41 regional joint replacement centers nationwide from November 2018 to December 2019 in China. The PJI was diagnosed according to the Musculoskeletal Infection Association criteria. Data of PJI patients were obtained by searching the inpatient database of each hospital. Questionnaire entries were extracted from the clinical records by specialist. Then the differences in rate of PJI revision surgery between hip- and knee- PJI revision cases were calculated and compared. Results: Total of 36 hospitals (87.8%) nationwide reported data on 99 791 hip and knee arthroplasties performed from 2015 to 2017, with 946 revisions due to PJI (0.96%). The overall hip-PJI revision rate was 0.99% (481/48 574), and it was 0.97% (135/13 963), 0.97% (153/15 730) and 1.07% (193/17 881) in of 2015, 2016, 2017, respectively. The overall knee-PJI revision rate was 0.91% (465/51 271), and it was 0.90% (131/14 650), 0.88% (155/17 693) and 0.94% (179/18 982) in 2015, 2016, 2017, respectively. Heilongjiang (2.2%, 40/1 805), Fujian (2.2%, 45/2 017), Jiangsu (2.1%, 85/3 899), Gansu (2.1%, 29/1 377), Chongqing (1.8%, 64/3 523) reported relatively high revision rates. Conclusions: The overall PJI revision rate in 34 hospitals nationwide from 2015 to 2017 is 0.96%. The hip-PJI revision rate is slightly higher than that in the knee-PJI. There are differences in revision rates among hospitals in different regions.

The residue of tetracycline antibiotics in soil and Brassica juncea var. gemmifera, and the diversity of soil bacterial community under different livestock manure treatments.

Tetracycline antibiotics (TCs) are a broad-spectrum antibiotic, widely used in livestock and poultry breeding. Residue of tetracycline antibiotics in animal manure may cause changes in vegetable TCs content and soil microbial community. On the basis of the investigation and analysis of TCs pollution in the soil of main vegetable bases and the livestock manure of major large-scale farms in Chongqing, China, field experiment was conducted to study the residues of tetracycline antibiotics in Brassica juncea var. gemmifera and soil under different kinds and different dosages of livestock manures. Effects of tetracycline antibiotics on the structure and diversity of soil microbial community were also investigated by high-throughput sequencing. TCs content in soil was increased by applying livestock manure. The contents of tetracycline, oxytetracycline (OTC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) in the soil under pig manure treatment were 171.07-660.20 µg kg-1, 25.38-345.78 µg kg-1 and 170.77-707.47 µg kg-1, respectively. The contents of TC, OTC and CTC in the soil under the treatment of chicken manure were 166.62-353.61 µg kg-1, 122.25-251.23 µg kg-1 and 15.12-80.91 µg kg-1, respectively. TCs in edible parts of Brassica juncea var. gemmifera was increased after livestock manure treatment Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chioroflexi and Bacteroidetes under livestock manure treatment were the dominant phyla, accounting for 85.2-92.4% of the total abundance of soil bacteria. The soil OTUs under the treatment of pig manure was higher than that under the treatment of chicken manure. Biogas residue (Livestock manure after fermentation treatment) can effectively reduce the environmental and ecological risks caused by antibiotic residues.

[Relevance of renal cell carcinoma angiogenesis and tumor stem cells].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between tumor angiogenesis and renal cancer stem cells. Methods: The primary cell culture method was used to extract and isolate RCSCs, and then qRT-PCR and Western blot methods were used to detect the expression levels of the kidney cancer stem cell markers CD105 and Sox2 genes and proteins from different MVD kidney cancer tissues. Using TCGA database, analyze the correlation between tumor angiogenesis markers and tumor stem cell regulatory genes. Results: The stem cell markers CD105 and Sox2 genes in RCSCs derived from high MVD kidney cancer tissues were respectively increased by (2.34±1.77) times and (3.92±1.41) times (PCD105<0.01, PSox2<0.05)and protein levels were increased by (5.12±3.31) times and (4.90±3.30) times(PCD105<0.05, PSox2<0.01).Meanwhile,up to 30% of stem cell promoting stemness regulatory genes are positively correlated with angiogenesis genes CD31/PECAM1 and KDR, and 64 genes are also strongly positively correlated with CD31/PECAM1 and KDR genes. Conclusion: The high microvessel density of kidney cancer is strongly correlated with the existence of renal carcinoma stem cells.

[Application of remote "Internet+" interactive mode in the management of patients with hypertension during normalized epidemic prevention and control of COVID-19].

Objective: To explore the effect of remote "Internet+" interactive management strategy on blood pressure control in patients with hypertension during normalized epidemic prevention and control of COVID-19. Methods: This is a randomized controlled study. A total of 394 patients with hypertension who were treated in Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from October 2019 to December 2020 were randomly divided into experimental group (197 cases) and control group (197 cases). The experimental group adopted remote "Internet+" interaction mode to carry out remote blood pressure intervention, and the control group received traditional blood pressure control mode, and the intervention time was 6 months. Evaluation indicators included blood pressure level, blood pressure lowering speed, time to target blood pressure, blood pressure measurement times, communication times with doctors, medication compliance, blood pressure measurement compliance and disease awareness after 6 months of intervention. The evaluation indexes of the two groups were compared, and the bivariate Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between the speed of blood pressure reduction and the times of blood pressure measurement and doctor communication in all patients. Results: A total of 394 patients with hypertension were included in this study, including 209 males, aged (67.6±2.8) years old. After 6 months of intervention, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the two groups were both lower than the baseline blood pressure before intervention (both P<0.05), the systolic blood pressure ((125.7±11.7) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. (132.6±12.9) mmHg, P<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure ((72.4±10.7) mmHg vs. (79.8±11.6) mmHg, P<0.001) in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group. The blood pressure reduction speed of the experimental group was faster than that of the control group ((18.63±1.59) mmHg/d vs. (13.26±2.85) mmHg/d, P<0.001), and the time to reach the target blood pressure in the experimental group was shorter than that in the control group ((23.69±2.93) d vs. (47.12±5.81) d, P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the blood pressure measurement times ((0.98±0.13) times/d vs. (0.20±0.40) times/d, P<0.05) and the number of communications with doctors ((0.97±0.16) times/week vs. (0.12±0.32) times/week, P<0.05) were significantly higher in the experimental group. Correlation analysis showed that the speed of blood pressure reduction was positively correlated with the number of blood pressure measurements (r=0.419, P<0.01) and the number of communications with doctors (r=0.857, P<0.01). The proportion of standardized medication (93.91% (185/197) vs. 51.78% (102/197), P<0.001), timely measurement (97.46% (192/197) vs. 47.21% (93/197), P<0.001) and high-degree disease awareness (94.42% (186/197) vs. 49.24% (97/197), P<0.001) were significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group. Conclusions: The remote "Internet+" interactive management strategy can effectively improve patients' blood pressure control. The doctor-patient interaction can improve medication compliance and measurement compliance of patients, and help shorten the time to reach the target blood pressure.

Effects of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide in diet on growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, and biochemistry of broilers.

In the present study, we analyzed the effects of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GCP) on growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, and biochemistry of broilers. A total of 600, one-day-old AA broilers randomly divided into 5 treatment groups with 6 replicate pens of 20 birds per cage received dietary supplementation with GCP (0, 200, 500, 1,000, and 1,500 mg/kg) for 42 d. The supplementation of GCP linearly decreased (P < 0.05) feed conversion rate on day 22 to 42. Dietary supplementation with GCP reduced (P < 0.05) serum total cholesterol on day 21 and 42 and linearly improved (P < 0.05) albumin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Dietary supplementation with 1,000 or 1,500 mg/kg GCP significantly increased (P < 0.05) serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity on day 21 and 42 and reduced (P < 0.05) serum malondialdehyde content on 21 d. Dietary supplementation with 1,000 or 1,500 mg/kg GCP significantly improved (P < 0.05) interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) expressions in liver on day 21 and 42. At the end of the experiment, we randomly selected 20 broilers from 3 treatment groups (0, 1,000, and 1,500 mg/kg), respectively, to perform an lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute stress experiment. The 60 broilers were divided into 6 treatment groups with 10 birds per cage. The experiment was designed as a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with GCP (0, 1,000, or 1,500 mg/kg) and LPS (injection of saline or 1 mg/kg body weight) levels as treatments. When the grouping was finished, the broilers were immediately intraperitoneally injected with LPS or normal saline. Six hours after challenged, serum antioxidant and liver immunity were analyzed. The results showed that dietary GCP prevented LPS-induced reductions in T-SOD activity and increases in malonaldehyde content (P < 0.05). Also, dietary GCP supplementation mitigated the LPS-induced increase in IL-1ß and IFN-γ in the liver. Supplementation with 1,500 mg/kg GCP showed the most optimal effect in broilers. GCP has the potential to be used as feed additive in broilers.

[Multicenter performance of the different classification criteria for rheumatoid arthritis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the classification criteria of early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) and compare the sensitivity and specificity with the criteria of 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and 2010 ACR/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR). METHODS: Patients from 4 hospitals, aged more than 16 years, with arthritis, whose disease duration was ≤1 year, and with ≥1 joint pain and swelling were enrolled in the study. The indicators including clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and imaging examinations were observed. The ERA patients were dignosed by two experienced rheumatologists based on the clinical features, drug therapy information and radiography features. RESULTS: (1) A total of 325 patients with arthritis were enrolled, including 98 males (30.15%) and 227 females (69.85%), The average age was (47.53±14.44) years, and the median disease duration was 5 (2, 8) months. Finally, 236 patients were dignosed with ERA, and 89 patients were dignosed with other diseases (Non-ERA, including osteoarthritis, reactive arthritis, undifferentiated arthritis, spondyloarthritis, etc). (2) The sensitivity of ERA criteria was 87.29%, and the specificity was 84.37%. The sensitivity was higher than that of 1987 ACR criteria (χ2=43.641, P < 0.001), and had no significant difference compared with 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria (χ2=0.446, P=0.593). But the specificity of ERA criteria was lower than that of 1987 ACR criteria (χ2=4.891, P=0.027), which was not statistically significant compared with 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria (χ2=0.044, P=1.000). (3) In the patients with arthritis whose disease duration was ≤3 months and ≤6 months, the sensitivity of ERA criteria was 81.71% and 86.79%, respectively, both were higher than the 1987 ACR criteria (χ2=7.131, P=0.008; χ2=22.015, P < 0.001) and had no statistically difference compared with the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria (χ2=0.220, P=0.755; χ2=0.473, P=0.491). The differences of the three criteria in specificity were not statistically significant. (4) The three different classification criteria were consistent with the clinical diagnosis, among which the ERA criteria and 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria were slightly higher (Kappa>0.6). The results of the consistency comparison between the three criteria showed that the ERA criteria and 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria had a better consistency (Kappa=0.836). CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of ERA classification criteria in the diagnosis of ERA was higher than that of 1987 ACR criteria, and was equivalent to that of 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria. There is no significant difference in specificity between these three criteria. The ERA criteria can also identify patients with RA at a very early stage in arthritis with disease duration ≤3 months.

Mismatch of cognition and neural networks in asymptomatic middle cerebral artery steno-occlusive disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of intracranial steno-occlusive disease in cognitive impairment and dementia is unclear and has not been well studied. METHODS: A total of 32 consecutive patients (13 males, aged 54 ± 12 years) with asymptomatic steno-occlusive middle cerebral artery (MCA) disease, defined as >70% stenosis on maximum intensity projection images or a complete signal loss of MCA trunk on magnetic resonance angiography, and 20 age- and education-matched normal controls (12 males, 60 ± 8 years old) were compared for neuropsychological performance, gray matter volume and neural network analysis. RESULTS: The patient group did not show a significant decrease in gray matter volume or cognitive tests except for their performance on the grooved pegboard test. However, graph analysis of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging showed significant decreases in network strength, global efficiency and the clustering coefficient, as well as a longer characteristic path length (P < 0.05). The diffusive decrease pattern was particularly located in interhemispheric connectivity and there was no compensatory hyperconnectivity in any brain regions. CONCLUSION: In asymptomatic steno-occlusive MCA disease, cognition and neural network changes are mismatched and have underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that are different from those of neurodegenerative disease.

[Study on the health literacy and related factors of the cancer prevention consciousness among urban residents in China from 2015 to 2017].

Objective: To understand the health literacy and relevant factors of cancer prevention consciousness in Chinese urban residents from 2015 to 2017. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 provinces covered by the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from 2015 to 2017. A total of 32 257 local residents aged ≥18 years old who could understand the investigation procedure were included in the study by using the cluster sampling method and convenient sampling method. All local residents were categorized into four groups, which contained 15 524 community residents, 8 016 cancer risk assessment/screening population, 2 289 cancer patients and 6 428 occupational population, respectively. The self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the information of demographic characteristics and cancer prevention consciousness focusing on nine common risk factors, including smoking, alcohol, fiber food, food in hot temperature or pickled food, chewing betel nut, helicobacter pylori, moldy food, hepatitis B infection, estrogen, and exercise. The logistic regression model was adopted to identify the influencing factors. Results: The overall health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness was 77.4% (24 980 participants), with 77.4% (12 018 participants), 79.9% (6 406 participants), 77.2% (1 766 participants) and 74.5% (4 709 participants) in each group (P<0.001). The correct response rates for nine risk factors ranged from 55.2% to 93.0%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with community residents, people with primary school level education or below, and the number of people living together in the family <3, the cancer risk assessment/screening intervention population, cancer patients, those with junior high school level educationor above and the number of people living in the family ≥3 had better health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness (all P values <0.05). Compared with females, 39 years old and below, government-affiliated institutions or civil servants, from the eastern region, males, older than 40 years, company or enterprise employees, and from the middle or western region had worse health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness (all P values <0.05). Conclusion: The health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness in Chinese urban residents should be improved. The cancer screening intervention, gender, age, education, occupation, the number of people co-living in the family, and residential region were associated with the health literacy of the cancer prevention consciousness.

Middle Cerebral Artery Plaque Hyperintensity on T2-Weighted Vessel Wall Imaging Is Associated with Ischemic Stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Vessel wall imaging can identify intracranial atherosclerotic plaque and give clues about its components. We aimed to investigate whether the plaque hyperintensity in the middle cerebral artery on T2-weighted vessel wall imaging is associated with ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our institutional vessel wall MR imaging data base. Patients with an acute ischemic stroke within 7-day onset in the MCA territory were enrolled. Patients with stroke and stenotic MCA plaque (stenosis degree, ≥50%) were included for analysis. Ipsilateral MCA plaque was defined as symptomatic, and contralateral plaque, as asymptomatic. Plaque was manually delineated on T2-weighted vessel wall imaging. The plaque signal was normalized to the ipsilateral muscle signal. The thresholds and volume of normalized plaque signal were investigated using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis to determine the association between normalized plaque signal and stroke. RESULTS: One hundred eight stenotic MCAs were analyzed (from 88 patients, 66 men; mean age, 58 ± 15 years), including 72 symptomatic and 36 asymptomatic MCA plaques. Symptomatic MCA plaque showed larger plaque hyperintensity volume compared with asymptomatic MCA plaque. The logistic regression model incorporating stenosis degree, remodeling ratio, and normalized plaque signal 1.3-1.4 (OR, 6.25; 95% CI, 1.90-20.57) had a higher area under curve in differentiating symptomatic/asymptomatic MCA plaque, compared with a model with only stenosis degree and remodeling ratio (area under curve, 0.884 versus 0.806; P =.008). CONCLUSIONS: The MCA plaque hyperintensity on T2-weighted vessel wall imaging is independently associated with ischemic stroke and adds value to symptomatic MCA plaque classification. Measuring the normalized signal intensity may serve as a practical and integrative approach to the analysis of intracranial atherosclerotic plaque.

[Mediation effect of DNA methylation in associations between birth weight and adulthood obesity in women in China].

Objective: To evaluate the possible mediation effect of DNA methylation in the associations between birth weight and adulthood obesity in women in China. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 1 602 women with genetic relationship in urban area of Shanghai during March-December 2016. Information about their birth weight, birth length, current lifestyle and disease history were collected and body measurement was conducted at the interview. DNA methylation at specific sites of GNASAS, IGF2, IGF2-R, IL10 and LEP were measured using bisulphite pyrosequencing. Generalized estimating equations models with restricted cubic spline functions were used to estimate the associations of birth weight with BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHtR) in adulthood, and their associations with DNA methylation were evaluated using multilevel linear models. Multilevel structural equation models were used to evaluate the mediation effect of DNA methylation. Results: A significant non-linear association was observed between birth weight and WC as well as WHtR (P<0.05). Lower birth weight was associated with higher level of methylation at IGF2-DMR (CpG1, 2), IGF2-R (CpG8, 10, 13, 16 and 17), with ß coefficients and 95%CI being -4.35 (-7.30- -1.39), -4.50 (-7.59- -1.41), -2.33 (-4.60- -0.05), -1.78 (-3.88- -0.33), -2.58 (-4.82- -0.34), -2.03 (-4.00- -0.06) and -1.87 (-3.73- -0.01), respectively, but related with a lower level of methylation at LEP CpG16 (ß=4.19, 95%CI: 0.37- 8.00). Lower level of methylation at IGF2-DMR (CpG7), IGF2-R (CpG3, 5, 8, 9, 10, 14, 17, 19) and LEP (CpG3, 8, 10) was associated with larger WC, with ß coefficients ranging from -0.016 to -0.040 (all P<0.05). Methylation at IGF2-R CpG8 was observed to mediate the association of birth weight and WC, and could explain 3.3% of the association. Conclusion: Our results suggested that DNA methylation might mediate the effect of nutrition in uteri on adulthood central obesity in women in China.

Performance of Arma chinensis reared on an artificial diet formulated using transcriptomic methods.

An artificial diet formulated for continuous rearing of the predator Arma chinensis was inferior to natural prey when evaluated using life history parameters. A transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes in diet-fed and prey-fed A. chinensis that were suggestive of molecular mechanisms underlying the nutritive impact of the artificial diet. Changes in the diet formulation were made based on the transcriptome analysis and tested using life history parameters. The quantity of pig liver, chicken egg, tuna fish, biotin, nicotinamide, vitamin B6, thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin C, L-glutamine, and sucrose was reduced, and wheat germ oil, calcium pantothenate and folic acid were increased. Ecuadorian shrimp was added as a partial substitute for tuna fish. Several parameters improved over six generations, including increased egg viability, and decreased egg and adult cannibalism. Additionally, several parameters declined, including longer developmental times for 2nd-5th instars, and decreased nymphal weights. The improvements in life history parameters support the use of transcriptome analyses to help direct formulation improvements. However, the decline in some parameters suggests that additional information, e.g., proteomic data, may be useful as well to maximize diet formulations.

The effectiveness of transport in a toy car for reducing preoperative anxiety in preschool children: a randomised controlled prospective trial.

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to determine whether transport of a paediatric inpatient in a children's ride-on toy car has an effect on perioperative levels of anxiety compared with transport on a hospital gurney with or without oral midazolam premedication. METHODS: In this prospective study, 108 children aged 2-5 yr with congenital heart disease and undergoing first surgical correction were randomly allocated to one of three groups: Group C (transport in a children's ride-on car), Group G (transport on a gurney without premedication), or Group M (transport on a gurney and received premedication of oral midazolam 0.5 mg kg-1). The modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale-Short Form and parent-recorded anxiety VAS were applied to evaluate anxiety in the following time points: pre-anaesthesia visit (the day before surgery), upon getting in the ride-on car or on the gurney in the ward, upon arriving in the preoperative holding area, at the moment of leaving from the holding area to the operating room (OR) (coincided with separation from parents), at the time after entering the OR, and at the time just before anaesthesia induction. RESULTS: Children in Group C exhibited significantly lower levels of anxiety from the time they got into the ride-on car until the time they entered the OR, compared with the other two groups (P<0.001). The subjects in Group C had similarly low anxiety levels to those in the Group M at the time before induction (P=0.914). CONCLUSIONS: Transport in a ride-on toy car can relieve preoperative anxiety in preschool children undergoing surgery to a comparable degree as midazolam. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR-IOR-17012791.

[Influence of blue light from visual display terminals on human ocular surface].

Objective: To investigate the influence of blue light from visual display terminals (VDTs) on human ocular surface. Methods: Prospective intervention test Thirty volunteers were recruited to watch videos on the same VDT in a dark environment, about 40 cm from the screen. Volunteers were supposed to watch videos in the night shift mode that reduces the amount of blue light for 1 hour. At the same time of the second day, they watched the same videos on the VDT in the normal mode for 1 hour. Tear film break-up time (BUT), corneal fluorescein staining scores, lipid layer thickness (LLT), times of blinking in 19.1 seconds and the ratio of partial blinking in 19.1 seconds were measured before and after each watching. Meanwhile, volunteers were asked to complete a questionnaire about their subjective experience after watching. Results: BUT, corneal fluorescein staining scores and LLT showed no significant decreases in the volunteers after they watched videos on the VDT in the night shift mode [BUT before watching: (8.08±3.15)s, BUT after watching in the night shift mode: (5.31±2.49)s, t=-0.52, P>0.05], but there were significant decreases after they watched videos in the normal mode [BUT after watching in the normal mode: (3.35±1.95) s, t=2.40, P<0.05]. At the same time, there was a significant difference between night shift mode and normal mode[BUT after watching in the night shift mode (5.31±2.49)s, BUT after watching in the normal mode: (3.35±1.95)s, t=3.67, P<0.05). Times of blinking and the ratio of partial blinking in 19.1 seconds were increased modestly after watching in 2 different modes, but there was no significant difference(times of blinking after watching in the night shift mode were 5.55±3.27, times of blinking after watching in the normal mode were 5.93±3.59, t=-0.92, P>0.05). The questionnaire results showed that 70.0%(21) of the volunteers reported mild discomfort including eye dryness, itching, pain, foreign body sensation, redness and asthenopia, 46.7%(14) reported no difference between the 2 modes, 36.7%(11) preferred the night shift mode, 16.6%(5) felt better with the normal mode, and 80.0%(24) would like to try the night shift mode in their daily life. Conclusions: Use of VDTs for a short period of time can lower the stability of tear film. The night shift mode may cause less damage to the ocular surface than the normal mode. High-energy blue light from VDTs can be a risk factor in the ocular surface damage, but the damage is reversible. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54: 426-431).

Local quantum phase transition in YFe2Al10.

A phase transition occurs when correlated regions of a new phase grow to span the system and the fluctuations within the correlated regions become long lived. Here, we present neutron scattering measurements showing that this conventional picture must be replaced in YFe2Al10, a compound that forms naturally very close to a [Formula: see text] quantum phase transition. Fully quantum mechanical fluctuations of localized moments are found to diverge at low energies and temperatures; however, the fluctuating moments are entirely without spatial correlations. Zero temperature order in YFe2Al10 is achieved by an entirely local type of quantum phase transition that may originate with the creation of the moments themselves.

Measurement of acetabular inclination and anteversion via CT generated 3D pelvic model.

BACKGROUND: Inclination and anteversion were the main factors that determined the reliability of the acetabulum. Inclination and anteversion measurements included anatomical, operational and radiographic methods. The aim of our present study was to exhibit divergence of inclination and anteversion via the three measurements. METHODS: Inclination and anteversion were defined according to the definitions put forward by Murray. Three-dimensional models of pelvis of CT data were brought forth. Acetabular axis was determined by the rim of acetabula. Reference planes were established by bone landmarks including anterior superior iliac spine, pubic tubercles and sacral crests. Inclinations and anteversions were calculated according to the definitions. RESULTS: Forty-nine cases were involved in the research. Data of inclination form anatomical, operational and radiographic showed 37.48 ± 11.07, 45.12 ± 14.76 and 48.76 ± 14.36, and anteversion were 18.12 ± 7.59, 24.97 ± 9.68, 14.30 ± 5.64. A substantial deviation was noted in the inclinations (P < 0.01) and anteversions (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that the inclinations and anteversions of the three measurements varied, which might in turn interfere the decision of orthopedists.