The effect of physical fitness on psychological health: evidence from Chinese university students.

BACKGROUND: Despite frequent discussions on the link between physical and mental health, the specific impact of physical fitness on mental well-being is yet to be fully established. METHOD: This study, carried out between January 2022 and August 2023, involved 4,484 Chinese University students from eight universities located in various regions of China. It aimed to examine the association between physical fitness on psychological well-being. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and logistic regression were used to analyze the association between physical fitness indicators (e.g., Body Mass Index (BMI), vital capacity, and endurance running) and mental health, assessed using Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). All procedures were ethically approved, and participants consented to take part in. RESULTS: Our analysis revealed that BMI, vital capacity, and endurance running scores significantly influence mental health indicators. Specifically, a 1-point increase in BMI increases the likelihood of an abnormal psychological state by 10.9%, while a similar increase in vital capacity and endurance running decreases the risk by 2.1% and 4.1%, respectively. In contrast, reaction time, lower limb explosiveness, flexibility, and muscle strength showed no significant effects on psychological states (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Improvements in BMI, vital capacity, and endurance running capabilities are associated with better mental health outcomes, highlighting their potential importance in enhancing overall well-being.

Selective electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural at low working potentials promoted by 3D hierarchical Cu(OH)2@Ni3Co1-layered double hydroxide architecture with oxygen vacancies.

Selective electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is of great significance in the manufacture of fine chemicals, liquid fuels, pharmaceuticals, plastics, etc., but still suffers from the high potential input, resulting in high electricity consumption. Developing active, low-cost and stable electrocatalysts is crucial for this electrochemical reaction at low working potentials. Herein, a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical Cu(OH)2@Ni3Co1-layered double hydroxide architecture with abundant oxygen vacancies (Vo) was synthesized by facile electrodeposition of Ni3Co1-LDH nanosheets on copper foam (CF) supported-Cu(OH)2 nanorods (CF/Cu(OH)2@Ni3Co1-LDH) for the selective electrooxidation of HMF to FDCA. The 3D hierarchical architecture of the Cu(OH)2 nanorod core loaded with Ni3Co1-LDH nanosheet shell facilitates the rapid transfer of charges and exposes more active sites. The synergistic effect of the core-shell nanoarray structure, atomic level dispersion of Ni and Co on LDH laminates, and rich Vo gives 98.12% conversion of HMF, 98.64% yield and 91.71% selectivity for FDCA at a low working potential of 1.0 V vs. RHE. In addition, CF/Cu(OH)2@Ni3Co1-LDH exhibits superior stability by maintaining 93.26% conversion of HMF, 93.65% yield and 91.57% selectivity of FDCA after eight successive cycles, showing the immense potential of utilizing electrochemical conversion for biomass.

An Efficient Deep Neural Network to Classify Large 3D Images With Small Objects.

3D imaging enables accurate diagnosis by providing spatial information about organ anatomy. However, using 3D images to train AI models is computationally challenging because they consist of 10x or 100x more pixels than their 2D counterparts. To be trained with high-resolution 3D images, convolutional neural networks resort to downsampling them or projecting them to 2D. We propose an effective alternative, a neural network that enables efficient classification of full-resolution 3D medical images. Compared to off-the-shelf convolutional neural networks, our network, 3D Globally-Aware Multiple Instance Classifier (3D-GMIC), uses 77.98%-90.05% less GPU memory and 91.23%-96.02% less computation. While it is trained only with image-level labels, without segmentation labels, it explains its predictions by providing pixel-level saliency maps. On a dataset collected at NYU Langone Health, including 85,526 patients with full-field 2D mammography (FFDM), synthetic 2D mammography, and 3D mammography, 3D-GMIC achieves an AUC of 0.831 (95% CI: 0.769-0.887) in classifying breasts with malignant findings using 3D mammography. This is comparable to the performance of GMIC on FFDM (0.816, 95% CI: 0.737-0.878) and synthetic 2D (0.826, 95% CI: 0.754-0.884), which demonstrates that 3D-GMIC successfully classified large 3D images despite focusing computation on a smaller percentage of its input compared to GMIC. Therefore, 3D-GMIC identifies and utilizes extremely small regions of interest from 3D images consisting of hundreds of millions of pixels, dramatically reducing associated computational challenges. 3D-GMIC generalizes well to BCS-DBT, an external dataset from Duke University Hospital, achieving an AUC of 0.848 (95% CI: 0.798-0.896).

USP25 Inhibits Neuroinflammatory Responses After Cerebral Ischemic Stroke by Deubiquitinating TAB2.

Cerebral ischemic stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. However, the mechanisms underlying ischemic stroke injury remain poorly understood. Here, it is found that deficiency of the ubiquitin-specific protease USP25 significantly aggravate ischemic stroke injury in mice. USP25 has no impact on neuronal death under hypoxic conditions, but reduced ischemic stroke-induced neuronal loss and neurological deficits by inhibiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Mechanistically, USP25 restricts the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling by regulating TAB2. As a deubiquitinating enzyme, USP25 removeds K63-specific polyubiquitin chains from TAB2. AAV9-mediated TAB2 knockdown ameliorates ischemic stroke injury and abolishes the effect of USP25 deletion. In both mouse and human brains, USP25 is markedly upregulated in microglia in the ischemic penumbra, implying a clinical relevance of USP25 in ischemic stroke. Collectively, USP25 is identified as a critical inhibitor of ischemic stroke injury and this data suggest USP25 may serve as a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.

Real-time visualization of sulfatase in living cells and in vivo with a ratiometric AIE fluorescent probe.

Different from the traditional enzymatic hydrolysis strategy, we rationally developed a ratiometric fluorescence probe DQMT-OH with AIE characteristics for sulfatase detection utilizing the "Lock-Key" strategy. It can be successfully used to monitor sulfatase in living cells and in vivo through different fluorescent channels with good cell permeability and low cytotoxicity.

CoFe-Layered Double Hydroxide Coupled with Pd Particles for Electrocatalytic Ethanol Oxidation.

Electrocatalytic efficiency and stability have emerged as critical issues in the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) of direct ethanol fuel cells. In this paper, Pd/Co1Fe3-LDH/NF as an electrocatalyst for EOR was prepared by a two-step synthetic strategy. Metal-oxygen bonds formed between Pd nanoparticles and Co1Fe3-LDH/NF guaranteed structural stability and adequate surface-active site exposure. More importantly, the charge transfer of the formed Pd-O-Co(Fe) bridge could effectively modulate the electrical structure of hybrids, improving the facilitated absorption of OH- radicals and oxidation of COads. Benefiting from the interfacial interaction, exposed active sites, and structural stability, the observed specific activity for Pd/Co1Fe3-LDH/NF (17.46 mA cm-2) was 97 and 73 times higher than those of commercial Pd/C (20%) (0.18 mA cm-2) and Pt/C (20%) (0.24 mA cm-2), respectively. Besides, the jf/jr ratio representing the resistance to catalyst poisoning was 1.92 in the Pd/Co1Fe3-LDH/NF catalytic system. These results provide insights into optimizing the electronic interaction between metals and the support of electrocatalysts for EOR.

Association between Pregestational Vaginal Dysbiosis and Incident Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Risk: a Nested Case-Control Study.

A balanced vaginal microbiome dominated by Lactobacillus can help promote women's reproductive health, with Lactobacillus crispatus showing the most beneficial effect. However, the potential role of vaginal microbiomes in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) development is not thoroughly explored. In this nested case-control study based on an assisted reproductive technology follow-up cohort, we prospectively assessed the association between pregestational vaginal microbiomes with HDP by collecting vaginal swabs from 75 HDP cases (HDP group) and 150 controls (NP group) and using 16S amplicon sequencing for bacterial identification. The vaginal microbial composition of the HDP group significantly differed from that of the NP group. The abundance of L. crispatus was significantly lower, and the abundances of Gardnerella vaginalis was significantly higher, in the HDP group than in the NP group. Of note, L. crispatus-dominated vaginal community state type was associated with a decreased risk for HDP (odds ratio = 0.436; 95% confidence interval, 0.229 to 0.831) compared with others. Additionally, network analysis revealed different bacterial interactions with 61 and 57 exclusive edges in the NP and HDP groups, respectively. Compared with the HDP group, the NP group showed a higher weighted degree and closeness centrality. Several taxa, including G. vaginalis, L. iners, and bacterial vaginosis-associated bacteria (Prevotella, Megasphaera, Finegoldia, and Porphyromonas), were identified as "drivers" for network rewiring. Notable alterations of predicted pathways involved in amino acid, cofactor, and vitamin metabolism; membrane transport; and bacterial toxins were observed in the HDP group. IMPORTANCE The etiology of HDP remains unclear to date. Effective methods for the individualized prediction and prevention are lacking. Pregestational vaginal dysbiosis precedes the diagnosis of HDP, providing a novel perspective on the etiology of HDP. Early pregnancy is the critical period of placental development, and abnormal placentation initiates HDP development. Thus, disease prevention should be considered before pregnancy. Vaginal microbiome characterization and probiotic interventions before pregnancy are preferred because of their safety and potential for early prevention. This study is the first to prospectively assess associations between pregestational vaginal microbiome and HDP. L. crispatus-dominated vaginal community state type is linked to a reduced risk for HDP. These findings suggest that vaginal microbiome characterization may help identify individuals at high risk for HDP and offer potential targets for the development of novel pregestational intervention methods.

ZIF-67-Derived NiCo-Layered Double Hydroxide@Carbon Nanotube Architectures with Hollow Nanocage Structures as Enhanced Electrocatalysts for Ethanol Oxidation Reaction.

The rational design of efficient Earth-abundant electrocatalysts for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) is the key to developing direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs). Among these, the smart structure is highly demanded for highly efficient and stable non-precious electrocatalysts based on transition metals (such as Ni, Co, and Fe). In this work, high-performance NiCo-layered double hydroxide@carbon nanotube (NiCo-LDH@CNT) architectures with hollow nanocage structures as electrocatalysts for EOR were prepared via sacrificial ZIF-67 templates on CNTs. Comprehensive structural characterizations revealed that the as-synthesized NiCo-LDH@CNTs architecture displayed 3D hollow nanocages of NiCo-LDH and abundant interfacial structure between NiCo-LDH and CNTs, which could not only completely expose active sites by increasing the surface area but also facilitate the electron transfer during the electrocatalytic process, thus, improving EOR activity. Benefiting from the 3D hollow nanocages and interfacial structure fabricated by the sacrificial ZIF-67-templated method, the NiCo-LDH@CNTs-2.5% architecture exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic activity for ethanol oxidation compared to single-component NiCo-LDH, where the peak current density was 11.5 mA·cm-2, and the jf/jb value representing the resistance to catalyst poisoning was 1.72 in an alkaline environment. These results provide a new perspective on the fabrication of non-precious metal electrocatalysts for EOR in DEFCs.

Regulation of Structure and Anion-Exchange Performance of Layered Double Hydroxide: Function of the Metal Cation Composition of a Brucite-like Layer.

As anion-exchange materials, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have attracted increasing attention in the fields of selective adsorption and separation, controlled drug release, and environmental remediation. The metal cation composition of the laminate is the essential factor that determines the anion-exchange performance of LDHs. Herein, we review the regulating effects of the metal cation composition on the anion-exchange properties and LDH structure. Specifically, the internal factors affecting the anion-exchange performance of LDHs were analyzed and summarized. These include the intercalation driving force, interlayer domain environment, and LDH morphology, which significantly affect the anion selectivity, anion-exchange capacity, and anion arrangement. By changing the species, valence state, size, and mole ratio of the metal cations, the structural characteristics, charge density, and interlayer spacing of LDHs can be adjusted, which affect the anion-exchange performance of LDHs. The present challenges and future prospects of LDHs are also discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to summarize the essential relationship between the metal ion composition and anion-exchange performance of laminates, providing important insights for regulating the anion-exchange performance of LDHs.

Evolution of Chemical Bonding and Crystalline Swelling-Shrinkage of Montmorillonite upon Temperature Changes Probed by in Situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction.

Clay minerals are distributed in Earth's crust and troposphere and in Martian crust where temperature varies. Understanding the changes of chemical bonding and crystalline swelling-shrinkage of montmorillonite (Mnt) upon temperature changes is fundamental for studying its surface reactivity and interaction in specific surroundings. However, such an issue remains poorly understood. Here, in situ high- and low-temperature Fourier transform infrared (HT- and LT-FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (HT- and LT-XRD) were performed to study the evolution of chemical bonding and crystalline swelling-shrinkage of sodium-montmorillonite (NaMnt) upon temperature changes. The FTIR results show that the hydroxyl content in NaMnt decreased when the temperature increased from 20 to 700 °C, while it is independent of temperature from 0 to -150 °C. The formation of hydroxyls at the "broken" layer edges of NaMnt is related to adsorbed water molecules on the surfaces, and its content increased when the particle size of the NaMnt decreased. The water molecules in the interlayer space of NaMnt could bond to the tetrahedral sheet of NaMnt through Si2O-H2O bonds. HT- and LT-XRD results reveal that all of those water molecules in NaMnt were removed after heating to 100 °C in the heating chamber. The NaMnt was transformed from a state of monolayer interlayer water molecules at 20 °C to a dehydrated state at 100 °C, and then to a dehydroxylated state at 700 °C. Accordingly, the basal spacings of NaMnt were changed from 1.27 to 0.97 nm and then to 0.96 nm, respectively. When NaMnt was cooled from 20 to -268 °C, a crystalline swelling of NaMnt occurred with an increase of 0.03 nm of basal spacing. This work demonstrates that high/low temperature has a remarkable effect on the hydroxyls and the water molecules in NaMnt, which in turn affects its swelling-shrinkage performance. These findings provide some in-depth understanding of the changes of chemical bonding and crystalline swelling-shrinkage of montmorillonite upon temperature changes and the reasons behind these, which might be helpful for the design of engineering Mnt in high-/low-temperature applications.

Multifaceted Elevation of ROS Generation for Effective Cancer Suppression.

The in situ lactate oxidase (LOx) catalysis is highly efficient in reducing oxygen to H2O2 due to the abundant lactate substrate in the hypoxia tumor microenvironment. Dynamic therapy, including chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and enzyme dynamic therapy (EDT), could generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) including ·OH and 1O2 through the disproportionate or cascade biocatalytic reaction of H2O2 in the tumor region. Here, we demonstrate a ROS-based tumor therapy by integrating LOx and the antiglycolytic drug Mito-LND into Fe3O4/g-C3N4 nanoparticles coated with CaCO3 (denoted as FGLMC). The LOx can catalyze endogenous lactate to produce H2O2, which decomposes cascades into ·OH and 1O2 through Fenton reaction-induced CDT and photo-triggered PDT. Meanwhile, the released Mito-LND contributes to metabolic therapy by cutting off the source of lactate and increasing ROS generation in mitochondria for further improvement in CDT and PDT. The results showed that the FGLMC nanoplatform can multifacetedly elevate ROS generation and cause fatal damage to cancer cells, leading to effective cancer suppression. This multidirectional ROS regulation strategy has therapeutic potential for different types of tumors.

Exploring the Protective Effect and Mechanism of Buddlejae Flos on Sodium Selenite-Induced Cataract in Rats by Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Validation.

Objective: Buddlejae Flos has a long history of utilization by humans to treat ophthalmic diseases. Although in vitro study revealed that it can be used for treating cataract, the bioactive components and the mechanism of efficacy remained unclear. This study aims to discover the bioactive components and mode of efficacy of Buddlejae Flos in cataract treatment. Methods: Several databases were screened for bioactive components and corresponding targets, as well as cataract-related targets. Using the String database, common targets were determined and utilized to construct protein-protein interactions (PPI). The drug-component-target-disease network map was drawn using Cytoscape software. R language was utilized to execute Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) pathway enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was done through Schrödinger Maestro software utilization. Luteolin's (LUT) effect on cataract induced by sodium selenite in rat pups was evaluated. Results: Six bioactive components with 38 common targets were identified as being associated with cataract. TP53, AKT1, EGFR, CASP3, TNF, ESR1, INS, IL6, HIF1A, and VEGFA were identified as core targets in PPI analysis, and the binding energy of LUT with AKT was the lowest. LUT has been demonstrated to significantly lower MDA levels, raise glutathione (GSH) levels, and boost the activity of antioxidant enzymes like GST, SOD, GPx, and CAT. After LUT treatment, TNF-a, IL-2, and IL-6 levels were significantly lowered. Bcl-2 mRNA expression levels and p-PI3K and p-AKT protein expression were significantly elevated. In contrast, caspase-3 and Bax mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that LUT is a possible bioactive component that may be utilized for cataract treatment. Its mode of action includes oxidative stress suppression, reducing inflammation, and inhibiting apoptosis via regulating the PI3K/AKT single pathway.

18ß-Glycyrrhetinic acid suppresses allergic airway inflammation through NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways in asthma mice.

18ß-Glycyrrhetinic acid (18ß-GA), the main bioactive component of Glycyrrhizae Radix, is considered a promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of 18ß-GA in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mouse model, and examined the role of NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways. The histopathological changes of lung tissue in mouse were assessed by histochemical staining and counting of inflammatory cells. The levels of IgE and inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice were detected by ELISA. In OVA-induced asthmatic mice, 18ß-GA treatment can significantly improve lung function and reduce lung inflammation including infiltration of inflammatory cells. In addition, 18ß-GA reduced the OVA-induced NF-κB phosphorylation in lungs of mice while increasing the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1. These results indicate that 18ß-GA protects OVA-induced allergic inflammation of airway by inhibiting phosphorylation of NF-κB and enhancing the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and serves as a potential treatment option for allergic inflammation of airway.

Topological Transformation of Mg-Containing Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets for Efficient Photodriven CH4 Coupling.

Direct conversion of methane (CH4 ) to fuels and other high value-added chemicals is an attractive technology in the chemical industry; however, practical challenges to sustainable processes remain. Herein, we report the preparation of a heterostructured Co-doped MgO-based catalyst through topological transformation of a MgCo-layered double hydroxide (LDH) calcination from 200 to 1100 °C. Remarkably, the catalyst can activate CH4 coupling to produce C2 H6 with a selectivity of 41.60 % within 3 h under full-spectrum irradiation through calcination of LDH at 800 °C. Characterization studies and catalytic results suggest that the highly dispersed active sites and large interfaces amongst the Co-doped MgO-based catalysts enable surface activation of CH4 to methyl (CH3 *), in turn promoting coupling of CH3 * to C2 H6 . This study introduces a promising pathway for photodriven CH4 coupling to give high value-added chemicals by using layered double hydroxides as a precursor.

A dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran-based fluorescence probe with high selectivity and sensitivity for detecting copper (II) and its bioimaging in living cells and tissue.

Copper (Cu) plays a significant role in the process of oxygenic photosynthesis in living systems. The detection of copper ion (Cu2+) is valuable and meaningful for further investigating the functions of Cu2+ under physiological and pathological conditions. In this paper, a novel fluorescence probe DCM-Cu based on the near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran (DCM) was designed for Cu2+ detection. The probe DCM-Cu possessed characteristic of "turn-on" fluorescent signal in the presence of Cu2+ through the enhanced ICT process. It exhibited satisfactory sensitivity and selectivity toward Cu2+. A good linear correlation was observed between the concentrations of Cu2+ and the fluorescence intensities at 700 nm. The detection limit (LOD) of DCM-Cu toward Cu2+ was calculated to be 2.54 × 10-8 M. Importantly, DCM-Cu was successfully applied in the detection of Cu2+ in living MCF-7 cells and tumor tissue with low cytotoxicity. Therefore, this probe would have the potential to monitor cellular Cu2+ in the living system and be applied to the diagnosis of related diseases.

Scutellarin is Highly Likely to be Responsible for Drug-Drug Interactions Mediated by Hepatic Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide1B3.

PURPOSE: Scutellarin, a flavonoid derived from the plant Erigeron breviscapus, is currently widely used to treat cerebrovascular diseases, liver-related diseases, and hyperlipidemia in china and other East Asian countries. This study was to investigate the effect of scutellarin on the uptake of rosuvastatin in HEK293T cells expressing human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B3 (hOATP1B3) and rat OATP1B2 (rOATP1B2), respectively, and the effect of scutellarin on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in rats. METHODS: The newly established HEK293T cells expressing hOATP1B3 and rOATP1B2 were used to examine the effects of scutellarin and positive controls on in vitro rosuvastatin transport. After co-feeding with scutellarin, the rosuvastatin area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-24h), the peak plasma drug concentration (Cmax), elimination half-life (t1/2), time to reach Cmax (tmax), clearance (CL) and apparent clearance (CL/F) of rosuvastatin were determined in rats. RESULTS: Scutellarin inhibited hOATP1B3- and rOATP1B2-mediated rosuvastatin uptake (IC50: 45.54 ± 6.67 µM and 27.58 ± 3.97 µM) in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. After co-feeding with scutellarin, the AUC0-24h and Cmax of rosuvastatin in rats increased to 27.4% and 37.7%, respectively. The t1/2 and tmax of rosuvastatin showed no significant change. Moreover, scutellarin caused 29.2% and 28.1% decrease in the CL and CL/F of rosuvastatin. CONCLUSION: Scutellarin may inhibit the hOATP1B3- and rOATP1B2-mediated transport of rosuvastatin in vitro, and exerts a moderate inhibitory effect on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in rats. Scutellarin is highly likely to participate in drug-drug interactions, as mediated by OATP1B3 in humans.

The improved targeting of an aspirin prodrug albumin-based nanosystem for visualizing and inhibiting lung metastasis of breast cancer.

Lung metastasis is the principal reason for the majority of deaths from breast cancer. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug aspirin can prevent lung metastasis in breast tumors via inhibiting heparanase. However, the lack of specific targets and limited accumulation at the site of the tumor have thus far hindered the use of aspirin in oncotherapy. In this study, we developed the nanoplatform FA-BSA@DA and loaded it with the versatile aspirin prodrug DA to visualize and inhibit breast cancer metastasis via targeting heparanase. This nanosystem can be effectively targeted to folic acid (FA)-positive tumor cells, and would then subsequently release a high dose of DA, whose ester bond is specifically ruptured by H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment to afford the therapeutic drug aspirin and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent reporter DCM. The released aspirin can effectively prevent breast cancer lung metastasis through the inhibition of heparanase activity, and the NIR fluorescent signals emitted from DCM can be used to monitor and evaluate the metastasis levels of breast cancer. Our results showed that the expression of heparanase was significantly decreased, and lung metastasis from breast cancer was effectively monitored and inhibited after treatment with FA-BSA@DA. Furthermore, the collaborative therapy nanoplatform FA-BSA@DA/DOX exhibited strong therapeutic effects in the treatment of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo via the introduction of doxorubicin (DOX) to the system, which resulted in an even stronger result due to its synergistic effects with aspirin. This heparanase-reliant strategy has profound significance for the extended development of nanoplatforms based on versatile aspirin prodrugs, which may offer a solution to clinically prevent breast cancer recurrence and lung metastasis.

A new Ni-diaminoglyoxime-g-C3N4 complex towards efficient photocatalytic ethanol splitting via a ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) mechanism.

We report a novel Ni-diaminoglyoxime-g-C3N4 (Ni-DAG-CN) complex for H2 evolution through photocatalytic ethanol splitting. Compared to that of pristine g-C3N4, Ni-DAG-CN exhibits a 21-fold enhancement of photocatalytic activity (296.1 µmol h-1 g-1) under irradiation with excellent stability. The enhanced photocatalytic activity can be attributed to a proposed ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) mechanism, which is illustrated both experimentally and theoretically. This work provides great potential in the future design of low-cost, high-performance photocatalysts for H2 evolution from alcohol splitting.

Scutellarin inhibition of the rosuvastatin uptake in rat hepatocytes and the competition for organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 in HEK293T cells.

In this report, we investigated the hepatocytic uptake of rosuvastatin when administered with scutellarin (a Chinese herbal medicine) in rats and the role of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) plays in the uptake. Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into two groups according to the medicine administered: rosuvastatin alone and rosuvastatin in combination with a series concentration of scutellarin. Rosuvastatin concentrations in blood and liver were measured using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. The uptake was also measured in rat primary hepatocytes and OATP1B1 transfected human embryonic kidney 293 T (HEK293T) cells. The uptake was investigated under the optimal intake conditions. The rosuvastatin Cmax and AUC0-∞ in rat plasma increased 55% and 61%, respectively in the combination treatment group; and the liver scutellarin concentrations decreased 32%, 34%, and 33% at 1 h, 2 h, and 6 h, respectively. All scutellarin dosages (20, 50, and 100 µM) inhibited the uptake of rosuvastatin in rat primary hepatocytes (4.71%, 22.73%, and 45.89%). Scutellarin of 10 µM significantly inhibited the in vitro uptake of rosuvastatin in OATP1B1-HEK293T cells (P < 0.05), with an IC50 of 60.53 ± 5.74 µM. Scutellarin increases the plasma concentration of rosuvastatin and inhibits the uptake in rat primary hepatocytes and OATP1B1-HEK293T cells, suggesting a drug interaction between scutellarin and rosuvastatin and OATP1B1 as a potential mechanism.