[Study on characteristic chromatogram and content determination of Wuzhuyu Decoction reference sample].

In this study, the critical quality attributes of Wuzhuyu Decoction reference sample were explored by using characteristic chromatogram, index component content and dry extract rate as indexes.The dissemination relationship of quantity value between medicinal materials-decoction pieces-reference sample was investigated to preliminarily formulate the quality standard of the reference sample.The characteristic chromatogram of 15 batches of Wuzhuyu Decoction was established by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and the similarity analysis was conducted.Common peaks were demarcated and assigned to medicinal materials.Moreover, quantitative determination of limonin, evodiamine, rutaecarpine and ginsenoside Rb_1 of Wuzhuyu Decoction were performed.The dissemination of quantity value was explored combined with dry extract rate, similarity of characteristic chromatogram and transfer rate of index component content.A total of 18 common peaks were identified in the corresponding materials of Wuzhuyu Decoction reference sample, with the similarity of characteristic chromatogram greater than 0.9, and Fructus Evodiae, Radix Ginseng, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens and Fructus Jujubae contributed 9, 5, 8 and 2 chromatographic peaks, respectively.The index component content of corresponding materials and the transfer rates of medicinal materials-decoction pieces and decoction pieces-reference sample of different batches of Wuzhuyu Decoction reference sample were as follows: the content of limonin was 0.16%-0.51%, and the transfer rates were 83.66%-115.60% and 38.54%-54.58%, respectively; the content of evodiamine was 0.01%-0.11%, the transfer rated were 80.80%-116.15% and 3.23%-12.93%, respectively; the content of rutaecarpine was 0.01%-0.05%, the transfer rates were 84.33%-134.53% and 5.72%-21.24%, respectively; the content of ginsenoside Rb_1 was 0.06%-0.11%, and the transfer rates were 90.00%-96.92% and 32.45%-67.24%, respectively.The dry extract rate of the whole prescription was 22.58%-29.89%.In this experiment, the dissemination of quantity value of Wuzhuyu Decoction reference sample was analyzed by the combination of characteristic chromatogram, index component content and dry extract rate.A scientific and stable quality evaluation method of the reference sample was preliminarily established, which provided basis for the subsequent development of Wuzhuyu Decoction and the quality control of related preparations.

The efficacy of cognitive behavior stress management on functional dyspepsia: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Functional dyspepsia and digestive disorders are common, debilitating and costly. Little information is available about the role of stress management in terms of cognitive-behavioral treatment of dyspepsia. We performed a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavior stress management for the treatment of functional dyspepsia. METHODS: A comprehensive search of several databases from 1966 to March 2022 will be conducted. The databases include Ovid Medline In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid PsycINFO, Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus. The primary outcome for this study was the rate of successful treatment (presence of no more than mild pain or discomfort after treatment). The secondary outcomes were improvement of dyspepsia at short-term (<1 year) and long-term (≥1 year) follow up, improvement in quality of life, and development of treatment-related adverse events. The risk of bias in each included study will be assessed utilizing the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. The Review Manager 5.3 (Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK) will be used to analyze the data. RESULTS: We will synthesize the current studies to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of cognitive behavior stress management on functional dyspepsia. CONCLUSION: The result of this review will provide more reliable references to help clinicians make decisions when dealing with functional dyspepsia.

Androgen Excess Increases Food Intake in a Rat Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Model by Downregulating Hypothalamus Insulin and Leptin Signaling Pathways Preceding Weight Gain.

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive and metabolic disorder characterized by high androgen levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hyperandrogenism on the hypothalamus and subsequently on the food intake and obesity in females. METHODS: A dihydroxy testosterone (DHT)-induced rat model was established to recapitulate the hyperandrogenism features of PCOS patients. Body weight and food intake of the rats were recorded. The food intake of DHT-induced rats was restricted by pair feeding to exclude possible effects of weight gain on the hypothalamus. The expression levels of relevant proteins and mRNAs in the hypothalamus and primary hypothalamic neurons exposed to DHT were analyzed by Western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. The leptin levels in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured, and leptin was injected via the intracerebroventricular (ICV) route to test the leptin sensitivity of the hypothalamus. RESULTS: The excessive prepuberty androgen levels in the DHT-induced rats markedly elevated food intake prior to weight gain. Consistent with this, the expression of neuropeptide Y and agouti-related peptide mRNAs was upregulated, which occurred prior to obesity and even with restricted food intake. In addition, the hypothalamic sensitivity to insulin and leptin was also impaired in the DHT-induced rats before obesity and with restricted food intake. DHT significantly reduced the leptin levels in the CSF, and ICV injection of leptin inhibited the DHT-induced increase in food intake. CONCLUSIONS: Androgen excess increased food intake in rats and promoted obesity by downregulating insulin and leptin signaling in the hypothalamus, most likely by suppressing leptin levels in the CSF.

Analysis of Fungi Diversity in Agarwood Wood from Hainan Province and Guangdong Province / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the fungal communities in agarwood wood from Hainan province and Guangdong province. METHODS: Fungal ITS genes in the agarwood wood were analyzed by high-throughput pyrosequencing using Illumina HiSeq system and bioinformatically. RESULTS: The fungal microbiomes exhibited much similarity among the samples from different regions in each province. And there were notable differences between Guangdong province and Hainan province. Moreover, the fungal communities in the agarwood wood from Hainan Province showed higher diversity and richness than that in the agarwood wood from Guangdong province. At the phylum level, Ascomycota most dominated in the agarwood wood, followed by Basidiomycota. Ascomycota dominated in the agarwood wood from Haikou, Wanning, Ledong, Danzhou and Dongguan regions. Basidiomycota dominated in the agarwood wood from Huazhou region. At the class level, agaricomycetes dominated in the agarwood wood from Huazhou region. Sordariomycetes dominated in the agarwood wood from Dondguan and Danzhou regions, Dothideomycetes dominated in the agarwood wood from Haikou, Ledong and Wanning regions. At the order level, Pleosporales dominated in the agarwood wood from Haikou, Ledong, Wanning and Dondguan regions. Trechisporales and Polyporales dominated in the agarwood wood from Huazhou and Danzhou regions, respectively. At the genus level, Lignosphaeria dominated in the agarwood wood from Haikou and Wanning regions, Perenniporia and Pyrigemmula dominated in the agarwood wood from Ledong and Danzhou regions, respectively. Phaeoacremonium dominated in the agarwood wood from Huazhou and Dondguan regions. Agarwood wood from different regions contained different dominate fungal populations. CONCLUSION: The fungi in the agarwood wood from Hainan province has higher diversity and richness than that in the agawood wood from Guangdong province. Agarwood wood from different regions has distinct fungal communities.

Up-regulation of SR-BI promotes progression and serves as a prognostic biomarker in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) has been reported to be involved in carcinogenesis of several human cancers. However, it is currently unknown whether SR-BI plays a role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Here, we aimed to evaluate a tumor promotive mechanism for SR-BI in ccRCC. METHODS: The expression of SR-BI was evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in ccRCC tissues and cell lines. Lipid droplets in ccRCC tissues and normal kidney tissues were examined by Oil Red O (ORO) and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The correlation between SR-BI mRNA levels and clinicopathological features was analyzed by Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox model were used to evaluate the difference in progression-free survival (PFS) associated with expression of SR-BI. Inhibition of SR-BI was conducted by using small interfering RNA (siRNA). In vitro assays were performed to assess the impact of SR-BI knockdown on cell biological behaviors. High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol content in ccRCC cells and extracellular media was also measured after transfection with siRNA. RESULTS: The expression of SR-BI was markedly up-regulated in ccRCC tissues and tumor cell lines. ORO and HE staining revealed huge amounts of lipid droplets accumulation in ccRCC. Clinical analysis showed that over-expression of SR-BI was positively associated with tumor size, grade, distant metastasis and inversely correlated with PFS. Furthermore, SR-BI was proved to be an independent prognostic marker in ccRCC patients. The inhibition of SR-BI attenuated the tumorous behaviors of ccRCC cells, expression of metastasis and AKT pathway related proteins. The content of HDL-cholesterol was reduced in cells while increased in extracellular media after transfection with si-SR-BI. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that SR-BI functions as an oncogene and promotes progression of ccRCC. SR-BI may serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for ccRCC.

Assessment of biventricular systolic strain derived from the two-dimensional and three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in lymphoma patients after anthracycline therapy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) for assessment of both left and right ventricular systolic function in patients with lymphoma after anthracycline chemotherapy, compared with two-dimensional (2D) STE. Totally eighty-nine patients undergoing anthracycline containing chemotherapy were studied. Echocardiographic assessment included 2D and 3D left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS) and right ventricular (RV) GLS. All the parameters were analyzed at baseline, after the completion of four cycles and at the end of the regimen respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was calculated to determine the capability of various echocardiographic parameters to discriminate between before and after chemotherapy. Compared with those at baseline, the 3D GLS and GCS of LV and GLS of RV decreased significantly after four cycles of the therapy (all p < 0.01). At the end of the treatment, 2D GLS and GCS of LV deteriorated markedly (both p < 0.05). The area under the curve for GLS, GCS of LV and GLS of RV derived by 3D were 0.81, 0.66 and 0.78, respectively. The cutoff value with -20.4% of LV GLS by 3D had sensitivity of 81% and specificity of 66% for differentiating patients after therapy from baselines. The cutoff value with -21.9% of RV GLS by 3D had sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 74% fordifferentiating patients after therapy from baselines. The data from this study demonstrated that both 2D and 3D STE can be conducted to evaluate the slight myocardial damage for lymphoma patients after anthracycline chemotherapy. 3D STE could examine subclinical biventricular dysfunction in earlier point than 2D STE.

miR-144-3p as a novel plasma diagnostic biomarker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most frequent and lethal subtype of renal cell carcinoma, whose most effective measure of curing remains diagnosis and nephrectomy in its early phase. However, there is no feasible and recognized plasma biomarker for the clinical diagnosis of ccRCC. The objective of this study is to identify a novel plasma microRNA (miRNA) acting as an efficient diagnostic plasma biomarker in ccRCC. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The plasma miRNA expression profile was quantified by miRNA microarray. Validation of miRNA levels of plasmas and tissues were performed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 106 ccRCC, 28 renal angiomyolipomas (AML), and 123 healthy control plasmas and in 110 ccRCC tissues. RESULTS: We found that plasma miR-144-3p levels in 106 ccRCC plasmas were remarkably up-regulated compared with that in healthy individuals and in patients with AML. miR-144-3p served as a promising plasma biomarker for yielding an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91 with 87.10% sensitivity and 83.02% specificity in discriminating ccRCC from healthy individuals, and an area under the curve of 0.82 with 75.00% sensitivity and 71.70% specificity in discriminating ccRCC from patients with AML. In addition, plasma miR-144-3p levels were significantly decreased after surgery in 106 patients with ccRCC. Next, we examined miR-144-3p levels in 110 human ccRCC tissues, and found that miR-144-3p levels in ccRCC tissues were increased compared with adjacent normal tissues. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that miR-144-3p levels in tumor tissues were positively correlated with preoperative plasma miR-144-3p levels in the matched samples from patients with ccRCC. In addition, the miR-144-3p levels in ccRCC plasmas and tissues were increased in patients with advanced pT stage. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that miR-144-3p, which is significantly up-regulated in ccRCC plasmas and tissues, particularly with advanced pT stage, is a novel and excellent plasma biomarker for the diagnosis of ccRCC.

Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi which promote agarwood formation in Aquilaria sinensis / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To isolate, screen and identify the fungi from Aquilaria sinensis (A. sinensis) tree to obtain the fungi which can promote the agarwood formation.

Identification of pathogen of Aquilaria sinensis dieback disease / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The research focused on identification the pathogen of Aquilaria sinensis dieback disease and confirmation the function of inducing agarwood formation by fungi.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The morphological observation, rDNA ITS sequence analyses, Koch's postulates and pathogenicity test were used to identify the isolates.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The isolates of the causal agent was Lasiodiplodia theobromae, which induced the plant to produce highly valuable agarwood.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The first report of dieback disease of Aquilaria sinensis caused by L. theobromae, and our research results laid a theoretical foundation for agarwood production by using fungus.</p>