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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research is to develop two methodologies, Enzymatic recombinase amplification (ERA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) coupled with Lateral Flow Dipstick (LFD), for the swift authentication of Gastrodia elata. METHODOLOGY: Primers and nfo probes for the ERA of Gastrodia elata were developed based on the ITS2 genome sequences of Gastrodia elata and its counterfeits. Specific primers for the PCR analysis of Gastrodia elata were generated using the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) online platform. Through experimental validation, the optimal reaction system and conditions for both methodologies were established, and their efficacy was assessed. RESULTS: The methodologies developed herein are applicable for the targeted analysis of the medicinal species, Gastrodia elata. The sensitivity of the ERA-LFD detection method matched that of the conventional PCR-LFD approach, recorded at 1 ng µL-1. Consistency was observed in the results across three replicates of visualization test strips for both techniques. Upon evaluation, both the PCR-LFD and ERA-LFD methods demonstrated a total compliance rate of 100 %. CONCLUSION: The ERA-LFD and PCR-LFD methods facilitate reduced detection times and offer visual results. These techniques are particularly effective for on-site detection and quality control in the authentication of Gastrodia elata within traditional Chinese medicine markets and at the primary level of healthcare provision.
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The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic intestine inflammatory disease primarily affecting adolescents, remains uncertain. Contemporary studies suggest that a confluence of elements, including genetic predispositions, environmental catalysts, dysregulated immune responses, and disturbances in the gut microbiome, are instrumental in the initiation and advancement of UC. Among them, inflammatory activation and mucosal barrier damage caused by abnormal immune regulation are essential links in the development of UC. The impairment of the mucosal barrier is intricately linked to the interplay of various cellular mechanisms, including oxidative stress, autophagy, and programmed cell death. An extensive corpus of research has elucidated that level of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) undergo modifications in the midst of inflammation and participate in a diverse array of cellular operations that mitigate inflammation and the impairment of the mucosal barrier. Consequently, a plethora of pharmacological agents are currently under development, with some advancing through clinical trials, and are anticipated to garner approval as novel therapeutics. In summary, cAMP exerts a crucial influence on the onset and progression of UC, with fluctuations in its activity being intimately associated with the severity of the disease's manifestation. Significantly, this review unveils the paramount role of cAMP in the advancement of UC, offering a tactical approach for the clinical management of individuals afflicted with UC.
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Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has emerged as a valuable diagnostic tool for cardiac diseases. However, a significant drawback of CMR is its slow imaging speed, resulting in low patient throughput and compromised clinical diagnostic quality. The limited temporal resolution also causes patient discomfort and introduces artifacts in the images, further diminishing their overall quality and diagnostic value. There has been growing interest in deep learning-based CMR imaging algorithms that can reconstruct high-quality images from highly under-sampled k-space data. However, the development of deep learning methods requires large training datasets, which have so far not been made publicly available for CMR. To address this gap, we released a dataset that includes multi-contrast, multi-view, multi-slice and multi-coil CMR imaging data from 300 subjects. Imaging studies include cardiac cine and mapping sequences. The 'CMRxRecon' dataset contains raw k-space data and auto-calibration lines. Our aim is to facilitate the advancement of state-of-the-art CMR image reconstruction by introducing standardized evaluation criteria and making the dataset freely accessible to the research community.
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Aprendizado Profundo , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Humanos , Algoritmos , Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Cardiopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodosRESUMO
Nanoceria have demonstrated a wide array of catalytic activity similar to natural enzymes, holding considerable significance in the colorimetric detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which is a biomarker of various biological disorders. However, the issues of physiological stability and formation of protein corona, which are strongly related to their surface chemistry, limit their practical application. In this work, CeO2 nanoparticles characterized by enhanced dimensional uniformity and specific surface area were synthesized, followed by encapsulation with various polymers to further increase catalytic activity and physiological stability. Notably, the CeO2 nanoparticles encapsulated within each polymer exhibited improved catalytic characteristics, with PAA-capped CeO2 exhibiting the highest performance. We further demonstrated that the PAA-CeO2 obtained with enhanced catalytic activity was attributed to an increase in surface negative charge. PAA-CeO2 enabled the quantitative assessment of AA activity within a wide concentration range of 10 to 60 µM, with a detection limit of 0.111 µM. Similarly, it allowed for the evaluation of alkaline phosphatase activity throughout a broad range of 10 to 80 U/L, with a detection limit of 0.12 U/L. These detection limits provided adequate sensitivity for the practical detection of ALP in human serum.
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Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common form of RCC. It is characterized by resistance to traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, as well as an unfavorable clinical prognosis. Although TYMP is implicated in the advancement of tumor progression, the role of TYMP in ccRCC is still not understood. Heightened TYMP expression was identified in ccRCC through database mining and confirmed in RCC cell lines. Indeed, TYMP knockdown impacted RCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. TYMP showed a positive correlation with clinicopathological parameters (histological grade, pathological stage). Moreover, patients with high TYMP expression were indicative of poor prognosis in TCGA-ccRCC and external cohorts. The results of single-cell analysis showed that the distribution of TYMP was predominantly observed in monocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, there is a significant association between TYMP and immune status. Methylation analysis further elucidated the relationship between TYMP expression and multiple methylation sites. Drug sensitivity analysis unveiled potential pharmaceutical options. Additionally, mutation analyses identified an association between TYMP and the ccRCC driver genes like BAP1 and ROS1. In summary, TYMP may serve as a reliable prognostic indicator for ccRCC.
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Biomarcadores Tumorais , Carcinoma de Células Renais , Neoplasias Renais , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Renais/genética , Carcinoma de Células Renais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Renais/genética , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/mortalidade , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Prognóstico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Masculino , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Proliferação de Células , Metilação de DNA , Movimento Celular , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Starvation therapy has shown promise as a cancer treatment, but its efficacy is often limited when used alone. In this work, a multifunctional nanoscale cascade enzyme system, named CaCO3@MnO2-NH2@GOx@PVP (CMGP), was fabricated for enhanced starvation/chemodynamic combination cancer therapy. CMGP is composed of CaCO3 nanoparticles wrapped in a MnO2 shell, with glucose oxidase (GOx) adsorbed and modified with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). MnO2 decomposes H2O2 in cancer cells into O2, which enhances the efficiency of GOx-mediated starvation therapy. CaCO3 can be decomposed in the acidic cancer cell environment, causing Ca2+ overload in cancer cells and inhibiting mitochondrial metabolism. This synergizes with GOx to achieve more efficient starvation therapy. Additionally, the H2O2 and gluconic acid produced during glucose consumption by GOx are utilized by MnO2 with catalase-like activity to enhance O2 production and Mn2+ release. This process accelerates glucose consumption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and CaCO3 decomposition, promoting the Ca2+ release. CMGP can alleviate tumor hypoxia by cycling the enzymatic cascade reaction, which increases enzyme activity and combines with Ca2+ overload to achieve enhanced combined starvation/chemodynamic therapy. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that CMGP has effective anticancer abilities and good biosafety. It represents a new strategy with great potential for combined cancer therapy.
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Carbonato de Cálcio , Glucose Oxidase , Compostos de Manganês , Óxidos , Glucose Oxidase/metabolismo , Glucose Oxidase/química , Glucose Oxidase/farmacologia , Compostos de Manganês/química , Compostos de Manganês/farmacologia , Óxidos/química , Óxidos/farmacologia , Humanos , Animais , Carbonato de Cálcio/química , Carbonato de Cálcio/farmacologia , Carbonato de Cálcio/metabolismo , Camundongos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Nanopartículas/química , Povidona/química , Povidona/farmacologia , Hipóxia Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Tamanho da Partícula , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Propriedades de Superfície , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB CRESUMO
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes great health hazards to society because most antibiotics are ineffective. Photodynamic treatment (PDT) has been proposed to combat MRSA due to the advantage of imaging-guided no-drug resistance therapy. However, the traditional photosensitizers for PDT are limited by aggregation-caused quenching for imaging and low photodynamic antibacterial efficiency. In this work, we synthesize a new aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizer (APNO), which can ultrafast distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria within 3 s by AIE-active photosensitizer imaging. Meanwhile, APNO can generate antibacterial reactive oxygen species under light irradiation, which holds potential for antibacterial PDT. Then, APNO is loaded by PHEAA hydrogel to obtain a highly efficient photodynamic hydrogel (APNO@gel). In vitro results show complete inhibition of MRSA by APNO@gel under lower-power light irradiation. Transcriptome analysis is performed to investigate antibacterial mechanism of APNO@gel. Most importantly, APNO@gel also exhibits significant inhibition and killing ability of MRSA in the MRSA wound infection model, which will further promote rapid wound healing. Therefore, the photodynamic hydrogel provides a promising strategy toward MRSA ultrafast imaging and killing.
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Antibacterianos , Hidrogéis , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/química , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Hidrogéis/química , Hidrogéis/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Animais , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Camundongos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recently, the enzymatic cascade reactions during the cellular process are widely used for fabricating robust biosensors and they have attracted extensive attention in analyzing various clinical biomarkers. The enzymatic cascades analysis is commonly based on the peroxidase (POD)/oxidase coupled system. However, the requirement of harsh acidic environment, poor stability and interference from the oxidase further limit their analytical practicability. Herein, novel chromogenic nanomaterials with H2O2 sensitive features are urgently required to replace the POD nanozyme in enzymatic cascades based bioanalysis. RESULTS: Herein, oxygen deficient MoO3-x with H2O2 sensitive features and near-infrared (NIR) absorption band have been ultra-fast synthesized and utilized for the enzymatic cascades analysis of α-Glucosidase's activity, and inhibitors screening. With the addition of 4-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside, the simultaneous presence of α-Glucosidase and glucose oxidase (GOx) would fade their dark blue color and decrease the NIR absorption. The α-Glucosidase's activity can be analyzed by the absorption at 770 nm, and their limit of detection is 8 × 10-5 U/mL, indicating the superior performance of the proposed colorimetric assay. Moreover, this proposed α-Glucosidase assay is further utilized for inhibitors screening. Moreover, the activity of α-Glucosidase can also be analyzed by the smartphone and microplate reader through the agarose-based colorimetric portable kit. SIGNIFICANCE: This MoO3-x involved enzymatic cascades assay would facilitate for the development of bio-analysis related to H2O2 generation or consumption. Moreover, this bio-analysis strategy will contribute to the development of other H2O2 sensitive chromogenic nanomaterials for the analysis of certain biomolecules and biological enzymes.
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Nanoestruturas , alfa-Glucosidases , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/análise , Peroxidases , Peroxidase , Corantes , Oxigênio , ColorimetriaRESUMO
Anticipation of pain engenders anxiety and fear, potentially shaping pain perception and governing bodily responses such as peripheral vasomotion through the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Sympathetic innervation of vascular tone during pain perception has been quantified using a peripheral arterial stiffness index; however, its innervation role during pain anticipation remains unclear. This paper reports on a neuroimaging-based study designed to investigate the responsivity and attribution of the index at different levels of anticipatory anxiety and pain perception. The index was measured in a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment that randomly combined three visual anticipation cues and painful stimuli of two intensities. The peripheral and cerebral responses to pain anticipation and perception were quantified to corroborate bodily responsivity, and their temporal correlation was also assessed to identify the response attribution of the index. Contrasting with the high responsivity across levels of pain sensation, a low responsivity of the index across levels of anticipatory anxiety revealed its specificity across pain experiences. Discrepancies between the effects of perception and anticipation were validated across regions and levels of brain activity, providing a brain basis for peripheral response specificity. The index was also characterized by a 1-s lag in both anticipation and perception of pain, implying top-down innervation of the periphery. Our findings suggest that the SNS responds to pain in an emotion-specific and sensation-unbiased manner, thus enabling an early assessment of individual pain perception using this index. This study integrates peripheral and cerebral hemodynamic responses toward a comprehensive understanding of bodily responses to pain.
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Encéfalo , Dor , Humanos , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Percepção da Dor/fisiologia , Medo/fisiologia , Neuroimagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Antecipação Psicológica/fisiologiaRESUMO
The water-oil-rock system's surfactant and electrostatic interactions are essential for removing oil droplets from rock substrates. Our work illustrates the impact of surface charge on the oil contact angle in an ideal system comprising silica, water, and dodecane; smaller contact angles are observed for more polar substrates. Modifying the polarity of the model silica surface allows for the observation of the creation of heteromolecule channels and the process of stripping crude oil while accounting for the impacts of water flow and different types of surfactant molecules. In solutions containing ionic surfactants, the injection and diffusion of water molecules between the oil layer and the silica substrate are facilitated by the disturbance of the oil molecules by the surfactant molecules. By comparing different surfactants in water flow, the characterization of water molecular channels and the stripping process of crude oil can be observed. The disruption of oil molecules by the surfactant molecules has been found to enhance the injection and diffusion of water molecules between the oil layer and the silica substrate in solutions containing ionic surfactants. The size of the contact angle and the extension of the water channel are simultaneously greatly influenced by the surfactant's molecular characteristics and the substrate's polarity. These simulation results show that several factors influence the process of water molecule channel creation that water molecules diffuse, and the detachment of oil from the silica substrate is facilitated by the migration of surfactants to the bottom of the oil molecule and the electrostatic interactions between the water molecules and the silica substrate.
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The limited ionic conductivity at room temperature and the constrained electrochemical window of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) pose significant obstacles that hinder its broader utilization in high-energy-density lithium metal batteries. The garnet-type material Li6.4 La3 Zr1.4 Ta0.6 O12 (LLZTO) is recognized as a highly promising active filler for enhancing the performance of PEO-based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). However, its performance is still limited by its high interfacial resistance. In this study, a novel hybrid filler-designed SPE is employed to achieve excellent electrochemical performance for both the lithium metal anode and the LiFePO4 cathode. The solid composite membrane containing hybrid fillers achieves a maximum ionic conductivity of 1.9 × 10-4 S cm-1 and a Li+ transference number of 0.67 at 40 °C, respectively. Additionally, the Li/Li symmetric cells demonstrate a smooth and stable process for 2000 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm-2 . Furthermore, the LiFePO4 /Li battery delivers a high-rate capacity of 159.2 mAh g-1 at 1 C, along with a capacity retention of 95.2% after 400 cycles. These results validate that employing a composite of both active and inactive fillers is an effective strategy for achieving superior performance in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs).
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The limited ionic conductivity and unstable interface due to poor solid-solid interface pose significant challenges to the stable cycling of solid-state batteries (SSBs). Herein, an interfacial plasticization strategy is proposed by introducing a succinonitrile (SN)-based plastic curing agent into the polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based composite polymer electrolytes (CPE) interface. The SN at the interface strongly plasticizes the PAN in the CPE, which reduces the crystallinity of the PAN drastically and enables the CPE to obtain a low modulus surface, but it still maintains a high modulus internally. The reduced crystallinity of PAN provides more amorphous regions, which are favorable for Li+ transport. The gradient modulus structure not only ensures intimate interfacial contact but also favors the suppression of Li dendrites growth. Consequently, the interfacial plasticized CPE (SF-CPE) obtains a high ionic conductivity of 4.8 × 10-4 S cm-1 as well as a high Li+ transference number of 0.61. The Li-Li symmetric cell with SF-CPE can cycle for 1000 h at 0.1 mA cm-2, the LiFeO4 (LFP)-Li full-cell demonstrates a high capacity retention of 86.1% after 1000 cycles at 1 C, and the LiCoO2 (LCO)-Li system also exhibits an excellent cycling performance. This work provides a novel strategy for long-life solid-state batteries.
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Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim is one of the traditional Chinese valuable herbs, which is the dried bulb of Fritillaria, a plant of the lily family. The identification of authenticity about F. ussuriensis is still technically challenging. In this study, visual identification was performed by ring-mediated isothermal amplification and nucleic acid colloidal gold techniques. Firstly, multiple sequence comparative analysis was performed by DNAMAN to find the differential sites of F. ussuriensis and its mixed pseudo-products, and the specific identification primers of F. ussuriensis were designed. Genomic DNA was extracted by the modified CTAB method, and the reaction system and reaction conditions were optimized to construct LAMP for the visual detection of F. ussuriensis, meanwhile, the genuine product was cloned and the extracted plasmid was sequenced. The specificity and sensitivity were detected, and also verified by nucleic acid colloidal gold method, and 20 commercially available samples were tested. The extracted DNA met the requirements of the experiment, and the genuine F. ussuriensis PCR product titrated on a test strip showed two bands on the T and C lines, while the counterfeit and negative control showed only one band on the C line, which matched the LAMP results. The specificity was 100 %, and the sensitivity of LAMP assay was up to 0.01 ng µL-1, while that of colloidal gold assay was 0.1 ng µL-1, thus the LAMP assay had high sensitivity. 14 out of 20 commercially available samples of F. ussuriensis were qualified, and 6 were unqualified, and the results of the two methods of identification were consistent. In this study, the combined detection method of LAMP and colloidal gold for nucleic acid was established to be specific, rapid, precise and visualized, which can provide a new technical idea for the detection of F. ussuriensis.
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Fritillaria , Ácidos Nucleicos , Fritillaria/genética , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Primers do DNA/genética , DNA , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
Background: Repetitive experiences of certain stresses evoke feedforward cardiovascular responses via central command (CC)--central signals from the higher brain. However, it is unclear whether the anticipatory cardiovascular responses before pain stimulation occur after repetitive pain experiences and how nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation (N2O), a sedative widely used in dentistry, affects the responses. We tested the hypothesis that the repetitive cold pressor test (CPT) alters the anticipatory cardiovascular responses, which are attenuated by N2O. Materials and methods: Beat-to-beat systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and finger arterial stiffness (ß-stiffness) were measured during the 5-min rest, 30-s countdown (CD) before CPT, 2-min CPT, and 3-min recovery (CPT[1st]) in 15 young adults [age, 28 ± 4 years]. The same protocols were repeated randomly with the second CPT (CPT + CC) or placebo test (PLCB + CC). Results: SBP and DBP increased from baseline in CPT[1st] and CPT + CC under room air (RA) and 40 % N2O, while SBP was lower under N2O than under RA in CPT[1st]. HR in CPT[1st] was lower under N2O than under RA. The change (Δ) in HR was smaller during CPT[1st] than during CPT + CC under N2O, and a similar trend was observed under RA. ΔSBP by CD was lower under N2O than under RA in CPT[1st] but not in CPT + CC. HR increased with CD in CPT + CC but not in CPT[1st] under both RA and N2O. ß-stiffness increased by CD regardless of the pain experience, while it was lower under N2O. Conclusion: Repetitive pain experiences induce a feedforward HR increase. 40 % N2O decreases vascular stiffness, which may attenuate the anticipatory pressor response only when the feedforward HR increase does not exist.
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The poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based composite solid-state electrolyte (CSE) has garnered attention due to its excellent comprehensive performance. However, challenges persist in the structural design and preparation process of the ceramic-filled CSE, as the PVDF-based matrix is susceptible to alkaline conditions and dehydrofluorination, leading to its incompatibility with ceramic fillers and hindering the preparation of solid-state electrolytes. In this study, the mechanism of dehydrofluorination failure of a PVDF-based polymer in the presence of Li2CO3 on the surface of Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) is analyzed, and an effective strategy is proposed to inhibit the dehydrofluorination failure on the basis of density functional theory (DFT). We introduce a molecule with a small LUMO-HOMO gap as a sacrificial agent, which is able to remove the Li2CO3 impurities. Therefore, the approach of polyacrylic acid (PAA) as a sacrificial agent reduces the degree of dehydrofluorination in the PVDF-based polymer and ensures slurry fluidity, promoting the homogeneous distribution of ceramic fillers in the electrolyte membrane and enhancing compatibility with the polymer. Consequently, the prepared electrolyte membranes exhibit good electrochemical and mechanical properties. The assembled Li-symmetric cell can cycle at 0.1 mA cm-2 for 3500 h. The LiFePO4âLi cell maintains 91.45% of its initial capacity after 650 cycles at 1C, and the LiCoO2âLi cell maintains 84.9% of its initial capacity after 160 cycles, demonstrating promising high-voltage performance. This facile modification strategy can effectively improve compatibility issues between the polymer and fillers, which paves the way for the mass production of solid-state electrolytes.
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BACKGROUND: People who were previously hospitalised with stroke may have difficulty operating a motor vehicle, and their driving aptitude needs to be evaluated to prevent traffic accidents in today's car-based society. Although the association between motor-cognitive functions and driving aptitude has been extensively studied, motor-cognitive functions required for driving have not been elucidated. METHODS: In this paper, we propose a machine-learning algorithm that introduces sparse regularization to automatically select driving aptitude-related indices from 65 input indices obtained from 10 tests of motor-cognitive function conducted on 55 participants with stroke. Indices related to driving aptitude and their required tests can be identified based on the output probability of the presence or absence of driving aptitude to provide evidence for identifying subjects who must undergo the on-road driving test. We also analyzed the importance of the indices of motor-cognitive function tests in evaluating driving aptitude to further clarify the relationship between motor-cognitive function and driving aptitude. RESULTS: The experimental results showed that the proposed method achieved predictive evaluation of the presence or absence of driving aptitude with high accuracy (area under curve 0.946) and identified a group of indices of motor-cognitive function tests that are strongly related to driving aptitude. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method is able to effectively and accurately unravel driving-related motor-cognitive functions from a panoply of test results, allowing for autonomous evaluation of driving aptitude in post-stroke individuals. This has the potential to reduce the number of screening tests required and the corresponding clinical workload, further improving personal and public safety and the quality of life of individuals with stroke.
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Condução de Veículo , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Humanos , Condução de Veículo/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Cognição , Aprendizado de MáquinaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The study aims to compare retrospectively three clinically applied methods for the diagnostic performance of cystic renal masses (CRMs) by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and contrast-enhanced computer tomography (CECT) with Bosniak classification system. METHODS: A total of 52 cases of Bosniak II-IV CRMs in 49 consecutive patients were diagnosed from January 2013 to July 2022 and their data were analyzed. All patients had been subjected to CEUS and CECT simultaneously. Pathological diagnoses and masses stability were used as standard references to determine whether lesions were malignant or benign. Then 49 CRMs only with pathologic results were classified into group 1 and 2. RESULTS: A total of 52 CRMs in 49 enrolled patients were classified into 8 category II, 16 category IIF, 15 category III, and 13 category IV by CEUS (EFSUMB 2020), 10 category II, 13 category IIF, 16 category III, and 13 category IV by CEUS (V2019), while 15 category II, 9 category IIF, 13 category III, and 15 category IV by CECT (V2019). Pathological results and masses stability longer than 5 years follow-up performed substantially for CEUS (EFSUMB 2020), CEUS (V2019), and CECT (V2019) (kappa values were 0.696, 0.735, and 0.696, respectively). Among 49 pathologic approving CRMs, wall/septation thickness ≥4 mm, wall/septation thickness, presence of enhancing nodule and the diameter were found to be statistically significant for malignancy. Twenty-two malignant masses were correctly diagnosed by CEUS (V2019), while 21 malignant masses were both correctly diagnosed by CEUS (EFSUMB 2020) and CECT (V2019), and 1 mass was misdiagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: Bosniak classification of EFSUMB 2020 version might be as accurate as version 2019 CEUS and version 2019 CECT in diagnosing CRMs, and CEUS is found to have an excellent safety profile in dealing with clinical works.
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Doenças Renais Císticas , Neoplasias Renais , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rim/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Computadores , Doenças Renais Císticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Meios de ContrasteRESUMO
Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) open new possibilities for the development of artificial enzymes that have catalytic activity comparable to that of natural peroxidase (POD). So far, most efforts have focused on the structural modulation of the Fe-N4 moiety to mimic the metalloprotein heme center. However, non-heme-iron POD with much higher activity, for example, HppE, has not been mimicked successfully due to its structural complexity. Herein, carbon dots (CDs)-supported SAzymes with twisted, nonplanar Fe-O3N2 active sites, highly similar to the non-heme iron center of HppE, was synthesized by exploiting disordered and subnanoscale domains in CDs. The Fe-CDs exhibit an excellent POD activity of 750 units/mg, surpassing the values of conventional SAzymes with planar Fe-N4. We further fabricated an activatable Fe-CDs-based therapeutic agent with near-infrared enhanced POD activity, a photothermal effect, and tumor-targeting ability. Our results represent a big step in the design of high-performance SAzymes and provide guidance for future applications for synergistic tumor therapy.
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Employing a photosensitive donor/acceptor planar heterojunction (DA-PHJ) with complementary optical absorption as the active layer is one of the key strategies for realizing broad spectral organic photodiodes (BS-OPDs). To achieve superior optoelectronic performance, it is vital to optimize the thickness ratio of the donor layer to acceptor layer (the DA thickness ratio) in addition to the optoelectronic properties of the DA-PHJ materials. In this study, we realized a BS-OPD exploiting tin(II) phthalocyanine (SnPc)/3,4,9,10-perylenete-acarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) as the active layer and investigated the effect of the DA thickness ratio on the device performance. The results showed that the DA thickness ratio has a significant impact on the device performance, and an optimized DA thickness ratio of 30:20 was found. Upon the optimization of the DA thickness ratio, improvements of 187% in photoresponsivity and 144% in specific detectivity were achieved on average. Trap-free space-charge-limited photocarrier transport and balanced optical absorption over the wavelength range can be ascribed to the improved performance at the optimized DA thickness ratio. These results establish a solid photophysical foundation for improving the performance of BS-OPDs via thickness ratio optimization.