Trends in nutritional status and factors affecting prognostic nutritional index in ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy: a prospective longitudinal study based on generalized estimating equations.

PURPOSE: Numerous studies have investigated the relationships between nutritional status and the prognosis of ovarian cancer (OC). However, the majority of these studies have focused on pre-chemotherapy malnutrition, with limited attention given to dynamic changes in nutritional status during chemotherapy and the associated risk factors affecting the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in OC women. This study aims to explore the variation trend in the nutritional status of OC women over time during chemotherapy and assess its predictive factors. METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted from January 2021 to August 2023. Body mass index (BMI), PNI, Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) 2002, serum albumin, and prealbumin measurements were utilized to assess the nutritional status of OC women. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews before initial chemotherapy (T0) and during the first (T1), third (T2), and fifth (T3) cycles of chemotherapy. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were employed for the analysis of potential predictive factors. RESULTS: A total of 525 OC women undergoing chemotherapy completed the study. Significantly varied levels of BMI, PNI, and serum concentrations of hemoglobin, albumin, prealbumin, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium were observed in these patients (p < 0.05). The prevalence of nutritional risk decreased over time during chemotherapy (p < 0.05). Nutritional parameters, including BMI, PNI, and the serum concentrations of albumin and prealbumin, exhibited an upward trend in nutritional status throughout the chemotherapy cycles (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that higher levels of BMI, serum albumin, prealbumin, absolute lymphocyte count, and hemoglobin ≥ 110 g/L at admission were associated with elevated PNI after chemotherapy (ß = 0.077, p = 0.028; ß = 0.315, p < 0.001; ß = 0.009, p < 0.001; ß = 1.359, p < 0.001; ß = - 0.637, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Patients consistently demonstrated improvements in nutritional risk and status from the initiation to the completion of chemotherapy cycles. Nutritional monitoring of OC women, particularly those exhibiting abnormalities at the commencement of chemotherapy, is crucial. Targeted nutritional support programs should be developed to enhance the prognosis of OC women.

Research progress on the correlation between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus / 公共卫生与预防医学

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central nervous system degenerative disease that is prone to occur in the pre-senile period and senile period . It is characterized by behavioral impairment and progressive cognitive impairment, with an insidious onset and progressive aggravation. It not only has cognitive decline, but also is accompanied by other neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Memory loss is the core symptom of the disease. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease characterized by hyperglycemia. In recent years, with the increasing incidence of the two diseases, more and more studies have reported the correlation between AD and DM. This article reviews the correlation between AD and DM from the aspects of correlation research, pathological mechanism and drug treatment through the review of relevant literature, with a view to providing guidance for clinical practice.

E2E testing of Cyberknife lung tracking using a homemade lung phantom / 中国辐射卫生

Objective　@#To verify the feasibility of using a homemade lung phantom for quality control of Cyberknife by comparing the measurement results of the homemade lung phantom and CIRS dynamic phantom in E2E testing of Cyberknife lung tracking. @*Methods　 @#The patient treatment process was simulated, including CT positioning, plan design, irra- diation implementation, film scanning, and analysis using the homemade phantom and CIRS phantom. The two phantoms were measured five times using MLC under the S7 generation Cyberknife and five times using Iris under the M6 generation Cyberknife. The differences in measurement results between the two phantoms were analyzed using independent sample t-test.@*Results　@#For the S7 generation Cyberknife, the statistical analysis of differences between the two phantoms in the detection values on the X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis, and total deviation showed P values of 0.236, 0.175, 0.289, and 0.668, respect- ively. For the M6 generation Cyberknife, the statistical analysis showed P values of 0.880, 0.891, 0.573, and 0.433, respect- ively. The P values were all > 0.05. Therefore, there were no statistically significant differences in the detection results between the homemade lung phantom and the CIRS phantom under the S7 and M6 generation Cyberknife. The total deviation values were <1.5 mm.@*Conclusion　 @#The homemade lung phantom and CIRS phantom have consistent measurement results in the E2E testing of Cyberknife lung tracking and meet the requirements of Report of AAPM TG-135 and WS 667- 2019 standard. Therefore, the homemade lung phantom is feasible for clinical quality control of Cyberknife.

Determination of 44 major components and chemical profiling of saccharide in Chinese medicinal formula Lanqin Oral Liquid.

INTRODUCTION: Lanqin Oral Liquid (LQL) is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation (TCMP) containing five herbal medicines and has been commonly used for the treatment of pharyngitis and hand-foot-and-mouth disease in clinic. The material basis of LQL has been reported in our previous study, but the contents of the major components and the features of saccharide in LQL are still unclear. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to establish accurate and rapid methods for the quantification of the major components and profiling of saccharide in LQL. The quantitative results combined with similarity evaluation were applied to improve the quality control of LQL. METHODOLOGY: An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QQQ-MS) method was utilised to determine 44 major components. Cosine similarity was used to evaluate the similarities among 20 batches of LQL based on the quantitative results of 44 major components. The physicochemical properties, structure, composition, and contents of saccharide in LQL were detected by a combination of chemical and instrumental analysis. RESULTS: A total of 44 compounds, including flavonoids, iridoid glycosides, alkaloids, and nucleosides, were accurately determined. The 20 batches of LQL were remarkably similar (> 0.95). In addition, d-glucose, galactose, d-glucuronic acid, arabinose, and d-mannose were detected in saccharide of LQL. The contents of saccharide in LQL were 13.52-21.09 mg/ml. CONCLUSIONS: The established methods can be applied for the comprehensive quality control of LQL, including characterisation of saccharide and quantification of representative components. Our study will provide a robust chemical foundation for disclosing the quality markers of its therapeutic effect.

The mediating effect of perceived social support in the relationship between maternal personality traits and pregnancy-related anxiety / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: Exploring the mediating effect of perceived social support between the maternal personality traits and pregnancy-related anxiety. Methods: Singleton pregnant women who underwent antenatal checkups in the obstetrics department of general hospital affiliated to Ningxia Medical University from July to December 2021 were enrolled in this study to investigate perceived social support, pregnancy-related anxiety and conscious personality traits. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the association between the maternal personality traits, perceived social support, and pregnancy-related anxiety, and the mediating effect of perceived social support was analyzed using Bootstrap method. Results: A total of 1 259 subjects were included in the study, of which 170 (13.50%) pregnant women felt introverted. The total score of perceived social support was (46.37±8.38), and 31.45% of pregnant women had high perceived social support. The total score of pregnancy-related anxiety was (21.48±5.53). The score of worry about fetal health was (10.09±3.24), and 368 (29.23%) of pregnant women had pregnancy-related anxiety. Maternal personality traits and pregnancy-related anxiety were negatively correlated (r=-0.076, P<0.05) and positively correlated with perceived social support during pregnancy (r= 0.127, P<0.05). Perceived social support during pregnancy and pregnancy-related anxiety were negatively correlated (r=-0.236, P<0.05). Perceived social support partially mediated the relationship between the maternal personality traits and pregnancy-related anxiety, with a relative effect value of 37.50%. Conclusion: The maternal personality traits, level of perceived social support and pregnancy-related anxiety are all related. Perceived social support could mediate the relationship between the maternal personality traits and pregnancy-related anxiety.

Association between sleep duration and depressive symptoms inthe elderly / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundDepression presents a significant risk to the physical and mental health of the elderly. The relationship between sleep and depressive symptoms has become a major research focus. However， previous research findings on this relationship have yielded inconsistent conclusions. ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between sleep duration and depressive symptoms in the elderly， in order to provide insights into the prevention of depressive symptoms and delaying their progression in the elderly. MethodsData analysis involved 8 210 adults aged 60 years or older， utilizing data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study （CHARLS） survey. Participants were categorized into two groups those with depressive symptoms and those without- based on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression-10 Scale （CESD-10） criteria. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to analyze the association between sleep duration and depressive symptoms. ResultsThe 318 people with depressive symptoms were detected among the 8 210 elderly participants， with an average sleep duration of （6.14±2.05） hours per night. Restricted cubic spline models showed a non-linear association between sleep duration and depressive symptoms （χ2=412.670，P<0.01）. After adjusting for confounding factors， compared to the elderly with a sleep duration 7~7.9 hours， the risk of depressive symptoms in the elderly was 2.971 times higher （95% CI： 2.560~3.449， P<0.01） in those with a sleep duration <6 hours， 1.372 times higher （95% CI： 1.161~1.621， P<0.01） in those with 6~6.9 hours， and 1 185 times higher （95% CI： 1.009~1.393， P<0.05） in those with ≥8 hours. Subgroup analysis showed no correlation between sleep duration ≥8 hours and the risk of depressive symptoms across genders and the 60~69 age group （P>0.05）. ConclusionThere was an approximately nonlinear association between sleep duration and depressive symptoms， with differences by gender and age.［Funded by Sichuan Applied Psychology Research Center， Chengdu Medical College （number， CSXL-22226）］

Immunophenotypic and Clinical Characteristics of SET-CAN Fusion Gene Positive Acute Leukemia Patients / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the flow immunophenotype and clinical characteristics of leukemia patients with positive SET-CAN fusion gene.@*METHODS@#A total of 7 newly diagnosed acute leukemia patients with SET-CAN fusion gene admitted to Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from February 2016 to February 2020 were collected. Multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of SET-CAN fusion gene. The immunophenotype was detected by four-color flow cytometry. The case information of 17 literatures published at home and abroad was extracted for statistical analysis.@*RESULTS@#Among the 7 patients, 2 cases were diagnosed as mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), 2 cases as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and 3 cases as T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)/lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL). Leukemia cells in bone marrow specimens of all cases expressed or partially expressed CD34, CD33 and CD7. CD5 and cytoplasmic CD3 were expressed in 5 patients except 2 patients diagnosed with AML. Bone marrow and lymph node specimens were both detected in 2 patients, and the immunophenotypes of the two specimens were not completely consistent, with differences in lineage or maturity related markers. Two patients with MPAL showed differentiated response to treatment. One AML patient gave up treatment, and another AML patient with FLT3-ITD gene mutation had a poor prognosis. All three T-ALL/LBL patients maintained a long duration of remission after induced remission, and one case underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are common characteristics of immunophenotype in patients with positive SET-CAN fusion gene. Differential expression of immunophenotype in samples from different parts is observed in some cases. The prognosis of these diseases varies.

Tortuosity of the internal carotid artery and the formation of internal carotid aneurysms: an exploratory study based on propensity score method / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the tortuosity of the internal carotid artery and the formation of internal carotid aneurysms.Methods:The clinical data of patients with suspected cerebrovascular disease admitted to the Jinling Hospital from July 2009 to March 2017 were retrospectively collected. All patients underwent head CT angiography and digital subtraction angiography. Patients with single internal carotid artery aneurysm were classified as the aneurysm group, and patients without obvious abnormal vascular disease were classified as the control group. The demographic information of the patients, including age, gender, history of hypertension and diabetes, were collected. The size of the aneurysm and the tortuosity parameters of the internal carotid artery were measured, including the classification of the tortuosity of internal carotid artery, anterior genu angle (A angle), posterior genu angle (P angle), sum of the angles of A angle and P angle (AP angle) and height difference of anterior genu and posterior genu (D value). SPSS software was used for propensity score matching (PSM). Independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test or χ 2 test, Fisher exact test were used to compare the differences of each parameter between the two groups. Spearman analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the tortuosity and aneurysm size. A multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of aneurysm formation and to predict the formation of internal carotid aneurysm. The receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve were used for model performance. Results:After PSM, 108 patients were included in each group. The proportion of tortuous internal carotid artery in the aneurysm group was lower than that in the control group [19.4% (21/108) vs. 32.4% (35/108), χ 2=4.72, P=0.030]. A, P and AP angles in the aneurysm group were significantly larger than those in the control group ( U=7 105.50, P=0.006; U=7 139.00, P=0.004; t=-3.14, P=0.002). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that AP angle (OR=1.010, 95%CI 1.003-1.016, P=0.002) was an independent risk factor for aneurysm formation. The area under the curves of logistic regression model based on AP angle was 0.624 (95%CI 0.549-0.699). There was a weak correlation between the size of internal carotid artery aneurysm and AP angle ( r=0.210, P=0.002). Conclusions:The tortuosity of the internal carotid artery is associated with the formation of internal carotid artery aneurysms, and the AP angle is an independent risk factor for the formation of internal carotid artery aneurysms, and a weak positive correlation with the size of the aneurysm is observed. It provides a new idea for understanding the formation of internal carotid artery aneurysms from the morphological characteristics of the parent artery.

Application of simulation teaching in basic nursing practical teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the application effect of simulation teaching in basic nursing practical teaching for undergraduates.Methods:A total of 271 nursing undergraduate intern students in the classes of 2018 and 2019 were selected as subjects, among whom 135 students in the class of 2018 were established as control group and 136 students in the class of 2019 were established as experimental group. The students in the control group received conventional practical training, and those in the experimental group received simulation teaching. The two groups were compared in terms of test scores and self-efficacy scores after practical teaching, and a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the degree of satisfaction with practical teaching among students. SPSS 20.0 was used for the t-test and the chi-square test. Results:Compared with the control group, the experimental group had significantly higher average scores of theoretical examination (88.78±5.17 vs. 82.04±4.36, P<0.05) and practical examination (96.90±5.05 vs. 90.48±5.34, P<0.05), as well as a significantly higher self-efficacy score (29.80±3.83 vs. 28.76±2.75, P<0.05). The experimental group had a significantly higher degree of satisfaction with clinical teaching than the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Simulation teaching can effectively increase the practical score of nursing students, enhance their sense of self-efficacy, and improve their satisfaction with clinical teaching.

Investigation and analysis of the current situation of radiation health technical services in China / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To investigate the current situation of radiological health technical service institutions and their technical services in China, and to provide a basis for better utilizing radiological health technical service resources and strengthening institutions’ capability building. Methods From October to December 2021, we conducted quality monitoring, ability comparison, capability building surveys, and other investigations on radiation health technical services to collect information on the qualifications and technical services of radiation health service institutions. The data were pooled and analyzed using SPSS software. Results By the end of 2021, there were 608 radiological health technical service institutions across China, with 47.0% of them located in the eastern region, and the percentage of institutions in the health system (42.6%) was less than that in the non-health system (57.4%). Institutions of grade A offered 62.3% of technical services, while institutions of grade B provided 37.7% of technical services; technical services provided by the non-health system and the health system accounted for 84.2% and 15.8%, respectively; institutions in the health system at the province, prefecture, and county levels offered 37.1%, 50.6%, and 12.3% of technical services, respectively. Conclusion In recent years, the proportion of institutions in the non-health system has increased significantly, but the proportion of institutions in the health system with radiological health qualifications is small, and the development is uneven in the numbers of institutions, technical services, and professional and technical personnel in the eastern, central, and western regions and at the province, prefecture, and county levels in China. It is necessary to further encourage and support health system institutions in strengthening capability building and applying for radiological health qualifications, and to increase construction and investment in the western region and at the district/county levels, in order to improve the overall capability and level of radiological health technical services in the country.

Rapamycin-induced β-Globin Family Locus Remodeling Regulates the Gene Switching Expression / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

β-Thalassemia caused by abnormal coding of the β-globin gene is the most common hemoglobinopathy in many Asian countries. The in-depth study of the molecular basis and epigenetic mechanism of globin gene expression is the key to explore a new treatment for thalassemia. In this study, FAIRE (formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements), 3C (chromosome conformation capture) and ChIP (Chromatin Immunoprecipitation) were used to investigate the three-dimensional interaction network of β-globin family gene loci and the molecular mechanism of functional regulation of gene expression during rapamycin-induced chromatin remodeling in CD4+ T cells. The results showed that the opening degree of globin gene chromatin, the interaction frequency between the gene promoter region and the regulatory element LCR (Locus control regions), and the enrichment efficiency of CTCF (CCCTC-binding factor) in the gene promoter region changed differently during the change of rapamycin treatment concentration from low to high, which led to the same change trend of the gene expression pattern. At the 10 nmol/ L concentration, chromatin accessibility and gene expression decreased (P < 0. 05). At 20 nmol/ L and 50 nmol/ L concentrations, chromatin accessibility increased and gene expression was up-regulated (P < 0. 05). In this study, the molecular mechanism of gene expression regulation of the β-globin family was expounded through this dynamic change process. Our work provides a theoretical and clinical practice basis for clinical precision treatment.

Carvedilol attenuates atherogenesis by regulating hepatic ACAD10 and mTOR in ApoE" " mice / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effects of carvedilol on atherogenesis in mice. Methods Eight-week-old ApoE mice were placed on an atherogenic chow and randomly divided into control and carvedilol group. The mice in both groups were intraperitoneally administered with vehicle or carvedilol 12. 5 mg • kg once daily, respectively. After 10 weeks, histopathological alterations of brachiocephalic trunk, liver, pancreas and adipose tissues were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin and oil red 0 staining, the level of blood glucose, blood lipids, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) , alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) , and liver fatty acid P-oxidase were determined, and glucose tolerance/insulin tolerance tests were performed as well. In addition , hepatic mRNA and protein expression of ACAD10 and mTOR were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results Compared with the control group, the area of atherosclerotic plaque ( P < 0. 01 ) and intima-to-media ratio ( P < 0. 05) in the carvedilol group all significantly de- creased , aortic damages were obviously improved, glucose and insulin tolerance were remarkably enhanced; moreover, HDL-C concentration in serum increased (P <0. 05) . Notably, HE and oil red 0 staining revealed that carvedilol almost completely reversed hepatic steatosis, increased liver fatty acid beta oxidase levels (P < 0. 01 ) , along with the reduction in ALT (P < 0. 01 ) and AST (P <0. 01) levels, even improvement of pancreatic and adipose impairments in ApoE mice. In carvedilol group, the mRNA (P <0. 01) and protein expression levels (P <0. 05) of ACAD10 were significantly up-regulated, while mTOR was significantly down-regulated compared with that in the control group (P <0. 01). Conclusions Our results indicate that carvedilol regulates mTOR and ACAD10 in liver, which may contribute to the alleviation of fatty liver, and even atherogenesis.

Research progress of cell death in radiation protection and radiosensitization / 中国辐射卫生

@#The rapid advances in technology and medicine have greatly facilitated the application of ionizing radiation. Clinically, radiotherapy is one of the major treatments for malignant tumors. However, besides killing tumor cells, ionizing radiation inevitably leads to radiation damage and even death of normal cells. How ionizing radiation causes cell death and the forms of cell death have always been important research topics in this field. Recently, several forms of cell death induced by irradiation have been discovered. Apart from apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagic cell death, and methuosis have gradually become research hotspots, and provide new targets for the development of radioprotective drugs and radiosensitizers. In this review, we summarize various forms of ionizing radiation-induced cell death and related molecular mechanisms. We also introduce the latest progress in radiation protection and radiosensitization based on these cell death mechanisms. This review will provide a reference for the research and development of radioprotective drugs and radiosensitizers in the future.

An exploration of registered dietitian accreditation system development in China.

The registered dietitian system started late in China, and since 2014 a working committee of registered dietitians has been formed by the Chinese Nutrition Society to establish a national accreditation system in accordance with the international standard academic and internship requirements. The data from the certification examinations and registrations were collected and analyzed. 8,328 registered dietitians were included in the study, with 5,673 registered dietitians (RD) and 2,655 registered dietetic technicians (DTR). Among them, 45.27% of RDs have master degree or above, and 66.44% of DTRs have bachelor or above. 53.25% RDs work in medical institutions, 14.77% in colleges and universities, and 14.56% in enterprises; 48.21% DTRs work in the medical institutions, 30.28% in enterprises, and 7.34% in the community. Although six years of work has initially established a foundation of standardized registered dietitian accreditation system, the problems of limited resources for academic education and the lack of legislative protection for the profession remain prominent.

A nomogram for predicting the risk of mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis and Gram-negative bacilli infection.

Objective: Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) are common pathogens of infection in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), and their occurrence increases the mortality of SAP. Early identification of SAP severity and prognosis is of great significance to SAP treatment. This study explored risk factors for mortality in patients with SAP and GNB infection and established a model for early prediction of the risk of death in GNB-infected SAP patients. Methods: Patients diagnosed with SAP from January 1, 2016, to March 31, 2022, were included, and their baseline clinical characteristics were collected. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to screen for death related variables, and concurrently, a Boruta analysis was performed to identify potentially important clinical features associated with mortality. The intersection of the two results was taken for further multivariate logistic regression analysis. A logistic regression model was constructed according to the independent risk factor of death and then visualized with a nomogram. The performance of the model was further validated in the training and validation cohort. Results: A total of 151 patients with SAP developed GNB infections. Univariate logistic regression analysis identified 11 variables associated with mortality. The Boruta analysis identified 11 clinical features, and 4 out of 9 clinical variables: platelet counts (odds ratio [OR] 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99-1.00; p = 0.007), hemoglobin (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.92-1; p = 0.037), septic shock (OR 6.33, 95% CI 1.12-43.47; p = 0.044), and carbapenem resistance (OR 7.99, 95% CI 1.66-52.37; p = 0.016), shared by both analyses were further selected as independent risk factors by multivariate logistic regression analysis. A nomogram was used to visualize the model. The model demonstrated good performance in both training and validation cohorts with recognition sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 80% in the training cohort and 92.8% and 75% in the validation cohort, respectively. Conclusion: The nomogram can accurately predict the mortality risk of patients with SAP and GNB infection. The clinical application of this model allows early identification of the severity and prognosis for patients with SAP and GNB infection and identification of patients requiring urgent management thus allowing rationalization of treatment options and improvements in clinical outcomes.

Concrescence of maxillary second molar and impacted third molar: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Morphological anomalies of teeth, including talon cusp, dens evaginatus, gemination, fusion, concrescence, root dilaceration, and taurodontism, always involve changes in the enamel, cementum and dentin. Diagnosing concrescent teeth through routine clinical examination alone is difficult, and most cases of concrescence are found accidentally during extraction. A definite preoperative diagnosis of concrescence would contribute to a better treatment plan and fewer undesirable complications. CASE SUMMARY: A 47-year-old woman who complained of left maxillary first molar loss for half a year presented to our department seeking treatment by dental implant restoration. Panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) showed an unclear boundary between the distal root of the second molar and the mesial root of the third molar. The teeth were extracted under local anesthesia, and a definite diagnosis of concrescence was made by histopathological examination. CONCLUSION: CBCT is a useful tool for diagnosing and planning the management of tooth concrescence and may be beneficial for reducing unnecessary complications.

A database-guided integrated strategy for comprehensive chemical profiling of traditional Chinese medicine.

A comprehensive chemical profiling of traditional Chinese medicine is the basic issue for further pharmacological research and quality assessment. To facilitate chemical identification and potential components discovery, the present study proposed an integrated identification strategy guided by a self-built component database constructed from literatures to carry out the global profiling of complex matrixes. Lanqin Oral Liquid was applied as example to validate the feasibility of this strategy. Based on LQL Component Database containing 710 compounds, modified MDF windows was established to extract the interested analogues, isoquinoline alkaloids, flavonoids and iridoid glycosides, according to their regular integral masses and mass defect. For compounds with characteristic substructures, such as quinic acids, crocins and some glycoside derivatives, the associated neutral losses and diagnostic fragment ions were collected to assist in profiling. Directly matching the m/z or formulas in database was proposed to components with limited regularity of accurate masses and substructures, like indole alkaloids, sesquiterpenes and some nucleosides. Eventually, 170 ions of 1038 precursor ions were identified or temporarily deduced, including 59 alkaloids, 36 flavonoids, 48 terpenoids, 24 organic acids and their derivatives, 2 oligosaccharides, and 1 lignans. Among them, 52 putative compounds were confirmed by chemical standards. The results indicated that the database-oriented identification strategy could locate potential components quickly and eliminate interfering ions, which have the potential for in-depth analysis of compounds.

Relationship between childhood sexual abuse and attitudes toward premarital sexual permissiveness among middle school students in Luzhou, China.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the number of adolescents engaging in premarital sex has increased, and an increasing number of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) cases have been reported in China. Many studies have indicated that CSA has a well-established association with risky sexual activities. However, only a limited number of studies have explored possible reasons for this association among middle school students, a population that may engage in premarital sex, which is critical for the development of interventions to prevent risky sexual behavior. Based on random samples of middle school students from a Chinese city, this article investigated the relationship between CSA and students' premarital sexual permissiveness (PSP). METHODS: In a cross-sectional study conducted between 2016 and 2017 in Luzhou, China, 2292 middle school and high school students aged 12-18 years were recruited by multistage random sampling. All students were administered anonymous questionnaires. Multiple linear regression and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the relationship between CSA and PSP. RESULTS: The prevalence of CSA was 15.4% (354/2292; 95% CI: 14-16.9%). A higher percentage of male respondents (18.2%) than female respondents (12.9%) had experienced CSA. A positive association between CSA and PSP was found among students. Respondents who had suffered CSA exhibited greater PSP, and this relationship was observed in the male sample, female sample and the total student sample in Luzhou (ß = - 3.76, P < 0.05; ß = - 2.79, P < 0.05; and ß = - 2.84, P < 0.05, respectively). Respondents who had suffered CSA were also more likely to express a double standard about premarital sex (odds ratio [OR] =1.41, P < 0.05), especially among male students (odds ratio [OR] =1.63, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Sex differences in CSA and the relationship between CSA and PSP were significant among this large sample of middle school students in Luzhou (China). The findings suggest that experiencing CSA may be closely related to youth attitudes toward premarital sex, especially among males. Therefore, it is important to emphasize the prevention of CSA and provide adolescent reproductive health programs to reduce the impact of CSA on sexual cognition and attitude, prevent premarital sex and promote positive attitudes toward sexual equality for middle school students.

Exploration of four dimensional training path of adversity quotient for nursing undergraduates in medical colleges / 中华医学教育探索杂志

How to improve the ability of nursing undergraduates in medical colleges to face more difficulties and reverse the dilemma in response to public health emergencies is a topic that needs to be further studied. It is an effective way to improve the level of students' adversity quotient by cultivating students' adversity quotient. This paper expounds the four dimensions of the composition of the four-dimensional adversity quotient, analyzes the factors influencing the formation of the four-dimensional adversity quotient, and puts forward the exploration of the path and method to cultivate the four-dimensional adversity quotient of undergraduate nursing students. In the practical teaching of nursing specialty, the adversity quotient can be cultivated through listening and communication.

Sleep initiation patterns and their influence on sleep quality in infants and young children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the current status of sleep initiation patterns, influencing factors for sleep initiation patterns, and the influence of sleep initiation patterns on sleep quality in infants and young children.@*METHODS@#A total of 521 infants and young children, aged 0-35 months, who underwent physical examination at the outpatient service of the Department of Growth and Development in Shenzhen Bao'an Women's and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University were enrolled as subjects. A self-designed questionnaire and Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire were used to collect the information on family background, parenting behaviors, and sleep quality in the past one week. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the influencing factors for sleep initiation patterns. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the influence of sleep initiation patterns on the number of nighttime awakenings.@*RESULTS@#Among the 521 infants and young children, 258 (49.5%) were breastfed/bottle fed to initiate sleep, 62 (11.9%) were rocked/held to initiate sleep, 39 (7.5%) slept independently, and 162 (31.1%) initiated sleep accompanied by parents. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the children with breastfeeding and a younger age were more likely to be breastfed/bottle fed to initiate sleep (P<0.05) and that the children with a younger age were also more likely to be rocked/held to initiate sleep (P<0.05). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that sleep initiation with breastfeeding/bottle feeding significantly increased the number of nighttime awakenings (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Most infants and young children initiate sleep by being breastfed/bottle fed, rocked/held, or accompanied. The sleep initiation pattern is associated with the age of children and whether they are still breastfeeding. Sleep initiation with breastfeeding/bottle feeding can increase the number of nighttime awakenings. io.