RESUMO
Alcohol dependence is a global public health problem, yet the mechanisms of alcohol dependence are incompletely understood. The traditional view has been that ethanol alters various neurotransmitters and their receptors in the brain and causes the addiction. However, an increasing amount of experimental evidence suggests that gut microbiota also influence brain functions via gut-to-brain interactions, and may therefore induce the development of alcohol use disorders. In this study, a rat model of alcohol dependence and withdrawal was employed, the gut microbiota composition was analyzed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the metagenome function was predicted by PICRUSt software. The results suggested that chronic alcohol consumption did not significantly alter the diversity and richness of gut microbiota in the jejunum and colon, but rather markedly changed the microbiota composition structure in the colon. The phyla Bacteroidetes and eight genera including Bacteroidales S24-7, Ruminococcaceae, Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, et al were drastically increased, however the genus Lactobacillus and gauvreauii in the colon were significantly decreased in the alcohol dependence group compared with the withdrawal and control groups. The microbial functional prediction analysis revealed that the proportions of amino acid metabolism, polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis and peroxisome were significantly increased in the AD group. This study demonstrated that chronic alcohol consumption has a dramatic effect on the microbiota composition structure in the colon but few effects on the jejunum. Inducement of colonic microbiota dysbiosis due to alcohol abuse seems to be a factor of alcohol dependence, which suggests that modulating colonic microbiota composition might be a potentially new target for treating alcohol addiction.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/microbiologia , Biodiversidade , Colo/microbiologia , Disbiose/microbiologia , Jejuno/microbiologia , Animais , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Etanol/efeitos adversos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Masculino , Redes e Vias Metabólicas/genética , Metagenômica , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Objective To explore the diagnostic value of multislice spiral CT (MSCT) for breast carcinoma.Methods One hundred and twenty consecutive suspicious cases of breast carcinoma diagnosed clinically and/or by imaging modalities were studied with MSCT prospectively. The dynamic contrast-enhanced serial scanning was done as follows:Scanning was triggered 35 s (early arterial phase) after beginning of contrast agent infusion at a speed of 3 mL/s by high pressure automatic injector, and would be repeated at the time point of 60 s and 150 s. Eventually, the CT diagnostic results were compared with the pathological consequences to calculate the diagnostic accuracy of MSCT for breast carcinoma. Results Eighty-nine patients with 100 foci of breast cancer from 120 suspicious cases were confirmed pathologically and their imaging data were analyzed. Among the 89 cases, 61 cases were invasive ductal carcinomas,12 ductal carcinomas in situ, 8 invasive lobular carcinomas, 6 medullary carcinomas and 2 inflammatory carcinomas. According to lesion morphologic appearance, lesion enhancement mode, time-density curve of lesion, and combination of all the above three parameters, the diagnostic accuracies were 78%, 82%, 84% and 92%, respectively. Conclusion MSCT has a great clinical value in diagnosing breast carcinoma.
RESUMO
Objective To study the effect of camphor oil in killing Demodex in vitro and to further analyze the killing mechanism.Methods The mites were collected with adhesive cellophane tape and randomly divided into six groups.The killing effect of camphor oil was investigated with different concentrations against Demodex in vitro.The reaction progress was pictured using Motic Images software.Results Camphor oil had better killing effect on Demodex folliculorum than on D.brevis in vitro.The death rate increased with the drug concentration and time.The most suitable and effective concentration of killing both Demodex folliculorum and D.brevis in vitro was 12.5%.After the drug was given,the mites contracted and twisted,and then relaxed and died.Conclusion Camphor oil has strong killing effect on Demodex in vitro.The main mechanism of camphor oil may be related to direct contact and neuromuscular toxicity.