Successful Dialysis Treatment of Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis, Report of Two Cases.

INTRODUCTION: Metformin-associated lactic acidosis is rare despite its widespread use. It is often associated with the use of metformin in the presence of chronic kidney disease, but it may also occur in people with normal renal function in the case of acute overdose. CASE REPORT: 20 years old (patient 1) and 37 years old (patient 2) women without any chronic disease took 40 gram (727 mg/ kg) and 60 gram (1200 mg/kg) metformin, respectively; for the suicidal attempt. Deep lactic acidosis was detected in patients. In patient 1, hemodialysis was performed for 4 hours. After the interruption, deep acidosis evolved again and another dialysis session was performed. In patient 2, hemodialysis was performed for 16 hours without any interruption and she did not need any other dialysis session. CONCLUSION: Metformin has a large distribution volume. It is not correct to make a final decision as to how long the dialysis will continue when dialysis begins. Dialysis should be continued without interruption until clinical and laboratory targets are achieved.

The relationship of anthropometric measurements with psychological criteria in female athletes.

Sports and exercise settings as well as other socio-cultural environments emphasize a thin and physically fit female body. However, there is a clear need for a better understanding of the physical and psychological correlates of social physique anxiety and body image dissatisfaction in female athletes. This study aimed to examine the association of the social physique anxiety, body image satisfaction, and personality with the anthropometric measurements in female college athletes according to their sport type using the Co-Plot technique. The sample included 63 female athletes ranging in age from 18 to 26. Results of the Co-Plot analysis revealed a significant association among social physique anxiety, personality and anthropometric measurements. This means that certain physical measurements may lead to greater social physique anxiety and body image dissatisfaction in female athletes. It was found that females having higher levels of social physique anxiety and thus, lower levels of body image satisfaction may be less emotionally stable and more negatively perfectionist. In conclusion, the results of the present study provided evidence to the claim that both physical self-perception and anthropometric measurements may be closely associated with psychological criteria in female athletes.

The effects of the intake of an isotonic sports drink before orienteering competitions on skeletal muscle damage.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the intake of an isotonic sports drink (500 ml water, 32 gr carbonhydrate, 120 mg calcium, 248 mg chloride, 230 mg sodium) the level of the skeletal muscle damage of orienteering athletes. [Subjects and Methods] The study was carried out on 21 male elite orienteering athletes. The athletes were divided into two groups by randomized double-blind selection. The experimental group (n=11) was given the isotonic sports drink, while the placebo group (n=10) was given 500 ml pure water. Blood samples were taken pre-competition, post-competition, 2 hours post-competition and 24 hours post-competition. [Results] The pre-c troponin, myoglobin and creatinine kinase serum levels of the placebo group were significantly lower than the post-competition and 2 hours post-competition values. The 24 hours post-competition levels of the same analyses were also significantly lower than the post-c and 2 hours post-competition. The pre-competition troponin, myoglobin and creatinine kinase levels of the experimental group were found to be significantly lower than the post-competition, 2 hours post-competition 24 hours post-competition values. In conclusion, the present results suggest that the intake of supportive sports drinks before exercising significantly prevents the observed muscle damage. The study showed that serum myoglobin levels between the experimental and the placebo group is significantly different during the 2 hours post-competition period. [Conclusion] The level of serum creatinine kinase and myoglobin accurately shows the extent of the muscle damage. However, further studies on the effect of isotonic sports drink in different training programs on the cell membrane and the muscle damage are needed.