Complete mitochondrial genome of Brachionus rubens from wuhu, China (Rotifera, Brachionidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Brachionus rubens was sequenced using primers design, clone culture, DNA extraction, LONG-PCR amplification, purification and clone sequencing. We found that it is composed of two circular chromosomes, designated mtDNA I (11,398 bp) and mtDNA II (12,820 bp). The gene content of the B. rubens mitochondrial genome was similar to that of the previously reported mitochondrial genome of B. plicatilis. It contained 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes and 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs). Four of the 12 PCGs had an incomplete stop codons, TA（cob, atp6, nd3）or T(cox3). The A + T content of B. rubens mitochondrial genome was apparently higher (mtDNA-I 70.2% and mtDNA II 70.4%) than that of the mitochondrial genome of B. plicatilis (mtDNA-I 63.9% and mtDNA-II 62.9%).

Crystal structure of (4-fluoro-phenyl-κC (1))iodido-(N,N,N',N'-tetra-methyl-ethylenedi-amine-κ(2) N,N')palladium(II).

In the title compound, [Pd(C6H4F)I(C6H16N2)], the Pd(II) atom is coordinated by two N atoms from the N,N,N',N'-tetra-methyl-ethylenedi-amine ligand, a C atom of the 4-fluoro-phenyl group and an iodide ligand in a distorted square-planar geometry, with an average deviation from the least-squares plane through the ligand donor atoms of 0.0159 (2) Å. The angles about the Pd(II) atom range from 83.35 (16) to 178.59 (11)°. In the crystal, weak C-H⋯F and C-H⋯I hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into sheets in the bc plane.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the Zacco platypus, Huangshan, China (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae, subfamily Daninninae).

The mitochondrial genome of Zacco platypus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae, subfamily Daninninae) is a circular molecule of 16,611 bp in length, containing 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes: 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs and a D-loop region. Its gene order and arrangement are identical to the common type found in most fish mitogenomes. All PCGs start with a typical ATG codon except for COI which use GTG as start codon; all PCGs terminate in the common stop codon TAA or TAG, except for the COII which use single T as stop codon. The D-loop region is 928 bp long, located between tRNAPro and tRNAPhe genes. It contains some structures of repeated motifs and microsatellite-like elements characteristic of the Cyprinidae.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the Acrossocheilus fasciatus (Cyprinidae, Barbinae).

The mitochondrial genome of Acrossocheilus fasciatus (Cyprinidae, Barbinae) is a circular molecule of 16,589 bp in length, containing 37 typical animal mitochondrial genes: 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 r RNAs, 22 t RNAs and a non-coding D-loop region. Its gene order and arrangement are identical to the common type found in most fish mitogenomes. All PCGs start with a typical ATG codon except for COI which use GTG as a start codon; all PCGs terminate in the common stop codon TAA or TAG, except for the ND2, ND3, ND4, COII, Cytb and COIII which use single T or TA as a stop codon. The non-coding D-loop region is 938 bp long, located between tRNAPro and tRNAPhe genes. It contains some structures of repeated motifs and microsatellite-like elements characteristic of the Cyprinidae.

[Expression of EBI3 and p28 mRNA in the brain and spinal cord of chronic model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6J mice].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of EBI3 and p28 mRNA (the 2 subunits of IL-27) in the brain and spinal cord of the model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and to explore their effect on EAE. METHODS: Seventy-two adult female SPF C57BL/6J mice (inbred strain) were randomly divided into a control group, an adjuvant group, and an EAE group. RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of EBI3 mRNA and p28 mRNA in the brain and spinal cord. RESULTS: The expression of EBI3 mRNA and p28 mRNA was up-regulated at onset in the EAE group, which increased quickly during peak phase and maintained at a high level in the chronic phase. There was significant difference in the expression of EBI3 and p28 mRNA between the EAE group and the control/adjuvant group (P<0.01). Additionally, there was no remarkable difference in the expression of EBI3 and p28 mRNA in the brain and spinal cord between the control group and the adjuvant group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: IL-27 may play a role of promoting the morbility of EAE in the early stage, and sustain the inflammatory response in endgame.

[Mouse model of experimental antoimmune encephalomyelitisin C57BL/6J and expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor].

OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF) in the brain and spinal cord of chronic non-remitting model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE) mouse, and to discuss their effect on EAE/MS. METHODS: Seventy-two female SPF C57BL/6J mice, aged 6k8 weeks, were randomly divided into an EAE group, a blank group, and an adjuvant group. The mice were immuned by mMOG35-55 and CFA. Immunohistochemic technique was used to detect the expression of MIF in the brain and spinal cord. RESULTS: In the EAE group, we observed up-regulation of MIF of central nervous system(CNS) at onset, peak and chronic phase. During each phase, the difference of MIF between the EAE group and each of the other 2 groups was significant (P<0.05). In the EAE group, the expression of MIF was the highest at the peak, which was different from other periods (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: MIF significanty expressed during the procedure of EAE disease, and may be related with the onset and exacerbation of EAE.

[A preparative method of chronic experiment autoimmune encephalomyelitis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the model of chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)for the further study of multiple sclerosis. METHODS: A total of 72 female SPF C57BL/6J mice (inbred strain, aged 8 approximately 10 weeks), were randomly divided into an EAE group, a blank group and an adjuvant group, and each group was divided into 3 subgroups: an onset group, a peak group and a chronic phase group. The EAE group was immunized with mMOG35-55. RESULTS: At the end of the study, and 83.3% of the mice in EAE group suffered the onset, and 8.3% of the mice died. The highest clinical score reached grade 5, namely paralysis of the whole body and then death. In the EAE group, after being immunized first, the mice were all anosis during the first 13 days. They got ill on the third week, and in about 20 approximately 24 days the clinical symptom reached the peak, and in 28 approximately 32 days the chronic phase arrived,when parts of the clinical symptoms got relieved. On the contrary, both the adjuvant group and the blank group were healthy all the time. Characteristic appearance was detected in the EAE group. CONCLUSION: Antigen emulsion, mixture of artificially synthesized mMOG35-55 and complete Freundos adjuvant can successfully induce chronic EAE in the mice. The model of EAE duplicated in our study has the characteristics of high incidence, low death rate and stability, which can be used to carry out further research on multiple sclerosis.