[Study of the Relationship between Oral Diseases and Depression Symptoms in Middle-Aged and Older Adult Populations in China-A Retrospective Study Based on CHARLS Data].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between oral disease and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adult populations in China. METHODS: The data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) done between 2013 and 2015 were analyzed. A total of 3828 middle-aged and older adults showing no depressive symptoms in an assessment with the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10) were selected as the subjects of observation, and oral disease was taken as the dependent variable. Changes in depressive symptoms in the population were tracked in 2015, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the relationship between oral diseases and depressive symptoms. RESULTS: The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 29.3% in middle-aged and older adults with oral diseases, and that of middle-aged and older adults without oral diseases was 20.4%, the difference being statistically significant ( P<0.001). After controlling for confounding factors, Cox proportional hazards model analysis found an association between oral diseases and depressive symptoms (hazard ratio [ HR]=0.683, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 0.583-0.800). It was more likely for middle-aged and older women ( HR=0.708, 95% CI: 0.573-0.874) with oral diseases to develop depressive symptoms than men ( HR=0.644, 95% CI: 0.506-0.819) did ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Oral diseases in the middle-aged and older adult populations tended to lead to depressive symptoms, and women showed higher rate than men did. Prevention and control measures should be taken actively in the course of oral disease treatment to promote mental health of middle-aged and older adults.

[Nutritional Knowledge and Skills of Fast-food Takeout Practitioners in Chengdu City].

Objective To investigate the current status of nutritional knowledge and skills of fast-food takeout practitioners in Chengdu City,so as to provide evidence for nutritional literacy education among takeout practitioners.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 832 employees of fast-food takeout restaurants in Chengdu from April to September in 2019 through a multi-stage random sampling strategy.Results The awareness rate of nutritional knowledge of fast-food takeout practitioners in Chengdu was 77.28%,and the correct rates of answers to daily oil intake for adults,daily drinking water for adults and daily salt intake for adults in the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents were respectively 17.43%,22.60% and 25.36%.In addition,the proportion of practitioners with the ability to estimate the recommended intake of food for a meal,the ability to estimate condiments intake and the ability to interpret nutrition labels were 8.77%,8.77% and 15.02%,respectively.The awareness rate of nutritional knowledge was the lowest(71.47%)in the practitioners aged≤25 and the highest(84.53%)in those aged 26-39,and the difference was statistically significant(χ 2 =14.419,P=0.001).High awareness rate of nutritional knowledge was found in the practitioners of Han ethnic group(78.45%)compared with those of ethnic minorities(57.14%)(χ 2=10.346,P=0.001).Besides,the practitioners with a high degree of education showed high awareness rate of nutritional knowledge( [Formula: see text]=36.514,P<0.001),and the correct rate of chefs(17.86%)was higher than that(12.82%)of food matching staff(χ 2=4.068,P=0.044).Conclusions The fast-food takeout practitioners in Chengdu generally have good nutritional knowledge while have some knowledge gaps.At the same time,the nutrition-related skills of takeout practitioners are not good.We should focus on strengthening the training of takeout restaurant employees for the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents and nutrition labeling-related knowledge,carry out targeted nutritional knowledge training,and comprehensively strengthen the training of nutrition-related skills.

[Young Children's Family Sex Education in Rural Areas of Sichuan Province and Its Influencing Factors].

Objective To understand the family sex education for young children in rural areas of Sichuan province and analyze the influencing factors. Methods A multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 2246 parents of kindergarten children from rural areas in Sichuan province for a questionnaire-based survey.The Chi-square test and Logistic regression model were used for data analysis. Results It was found 1132(52.33%)parents had implemented family sex education for young children and 1031(47.67%)had not.Young children having asked sex-related questions(OR=1.536,95%CI=1.257-1.878),parents thinking that early childhood sex education is necessary(OR=3.691,95%CI=2.029-6.717),and parents having the intention to know early childhood sex education(OR=1.700,95%CI=1.274-2.269),and kindergarten having implemented early childhood sex education(OR=3.316,95%CI=2.515-4.372)were promoting factors for parents to conduct early childhood sex education,whereas a total annual household income at the middle level(OR=0.664,95%CI=0.456-0.968)was a hindering factor for parents to conduct early childhood sex education. Conclusions Parents of young children in rural areas of Sichuan province have poor awareness of sex education,and the proportion of parents who have never conducted sex education for children is high.The total annual income of the family,whether the children have asked about sex-related questions,parents' attitude towards early childhood sex education,and whether the kindergarten has conducted the early childhood sex education are important factors that influence the level of children's family sex education.

[Analysis on the Health-related Quality of Life and Influencing Factors among the Older Generation of Migrant Workers in Chengdu City].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the status and distribution characteristics of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of the older generation of migrant workers in Chengdu, and analyze the factors influencing the quality of life of the older generation of migrant workers, so as to provide reference for formulating relevant policies to improve the health of the older generation of migrant workers. METHODS: From June 2017 to June 2018, the respondent-driven sampling (RDS) method was used to select 1 492 non-registered migrant workers born before 1980 living in Chengdu city. The investigation was performed with questionnaire including demographic characteristics, working status, economic status, disease status, living environment and HRQOL. RESULTS: The scores of physical component summary (PCS), mental component summary (MCS) and the total score of HRQOL in the older generation of migrant workers were 50.78±7.54, 50.67±10.24 and 101.45±12.34, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that older age (standard regression coefficient ( Sß)=-0.061, P=0.026), low education level ( Sß=-0.053, P=0.038), being unmarried, divorced or widowed ( Sß=-0.064, P=0.009), chronic diseases ( Sß=-0.156, P<0.001), or two-week illness ( Sß=-0.190, P<0.001) were the risk factors of low HRQOL; High income level ( Sß=0.069, P=0.013), having a steady job ( Sß=0.126, P<0.001), having endowment insurance ( Sß=0.055, P=0.027) and satisfactory with the living environment ( Sß=0.060, P=0.016) were the contributing factors factors of high HRQOL. CONCLUSION: The HRQOL of the older generation of migrant workers in Chengdu is generally good. More attention should be paid to the migrant workers of older age, having lower income, suffering from chronic diseases, being unmarried/divorced/widowed, and lacking endowment insurance. Appropriate measures should be taken to improve the health status of the key groups.

[Prevalence and Metabolic Abnormalities of Fatty Liver Disease among Adults in Mianyang City,Sichuan Province].

Objective To understand the prevalence and metabolic abnormalities of fatty liver disease among adults in Mianyang City,Sichuan Province,and to analyze their influencing factors.Methods Totally 294 603 adults aged 18 years and older were enrolled by using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method in Mianyang City from November 1,2014 to September 30,2015.Fatty liver was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound.The general demographic characteristics,smoking history,drinking history,and history of chronic disease were collected through questionnaires.Meanwhile,10 217 subjects were randomly selected for biochemical tests[fasting plasma gluose(FPG),triacylglycerol(TG),total cholesterol(TC),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)].Results Of these 294 603 subjects,17 105(5.81%)had fatty liver.After having been age-adjusted based on the results of the sixth national census in 2010,the standardized prevalence was 5.32%.The prevalence was significantly higher in males(6.76%;standardized prevalence:7.24%)than in females(5.09%;standardized prevalence:4.08%)(χ 2=365.814,P<0.001)。The prevalence of fatty liver disease was significantly higher in people with current smokers(8.52%)/ex-smokers(8.89%),occasional alcohol users(6.79%)/regular alcohol users(10.51%)/daily alcohol users(10.62%),and patients with hypertension(12.14%)/diabetes(15.19%)/coronary heart disease(10.22%)than those without corresponding characteristics(all P<0.001).Abnormal increase in body mass index,diastolic blood pressure,FPG,TG,TC,and ALT were risk factors for fatty liver in Logistic regression model.Conclusions The prevalence of fatty liver in adults is relatively low in Mianyang City.Patients with fatty liver usually have varying degrees of abnormal increase in blood lipids,blood glucose,blood pressure,and ALT.Healthy lifestyles and comprehensively assessment of metabolic status are conducive to the prevention and treatment of fatty liver and extrahepatic complications.

[Value of diffusion-weighted imaging, 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and 3D whole-brain arterial spin labeling in the diagnosis of medulloblastoma].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and 3D whole-brain arterial spin labeling (3D ASL) in the diagnosis of medulloblastoma in the posterior cranial fossa. METHODS: The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of 16 patients with pathologically confirmed medulloblastoma in the posterior cranial fossa were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients were examined with plane and enhanced brain MRI scans; 5 patients also underwent examinations with DWI, 12 with MRS, and 5 with 3D ASL. RESULTS: Medulloblastomas were found in the vermis and the fourth ventricle in 9 cases, in the cerebellar hemisphere in 5 cases, and in the cerebellopontine angle in 1 case; in 1 case multiple lesions were detected. The tumors showed iso-intense or slightly hypo-intense signals on T1WI, and iso-intense or hyper-intense signals on T2WI and FLAIR. The lesions showed high signals in DWI and low signals in ADC. Intra-lesion cysts were common (n=12), and calcification and bleeding were rarely seen. Mild patchy enhancement (n=6) or significant enhancement (n=10) was seen after contrast agent administration. Obstructive hydrocephalus was found in 12 cases and the subarachnoid space was involved in 3 cases. In all the 12 patients receiving MRS examination, high Cho and low NAA were found with significantly increased Cho/Cr (≥3.5) and Cho/NAA (≥4.0) ratios; Tau peak was seen in 8 cases, and Lip peak was found in 4 cases. All the 5 patients receiving 3D ASL examination showed decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF). CONCLUSION: The characteristic features of medulloblastomas in DWI, MRS and 3D ASL offer assistance to the diagnosis of atypical medulloblastoma.

Neurogenic responses to amyloid-beta plaques in the brain of Alzheimer's disease-like transgenic (pPDGF-APPSw,Ind) mice.

Formation and accumulation of amyloid-beta (A beta) plaques are associated with declined memory and other neurocognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, the effects of A beta plaques on neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and neurogenesis from NPCs remain largely unknown. The existing data on neurogenesis in AD patients and AD-like animal models remain controversial. For this reason, we utilized the nestin second-intron enhancer controlled LacZ (pNes-LacZ) reporter transgenic mice (pNes-Tg) and Bi-transgenic mice (Bi-Tg) containing both pPDGF-APPSw,Ind and pNes-LacZ transgenes to investigate the effects of A beta plaques on neurogenesis in the hippocampus and other brain regions of the AD-like mice. We chose transgenic mice at 2, 8 and 12 months of age, corresponding to the stages of A beta plaque free, plaque onset and plaque progression to analyze the effects of A beta plaques on the distribution and de novo neurogenesis of (from) NPCs. We demonstrated a slight increase in the number of NPCs in the hippocampal regions at the A beta plaque free stage, while a significant decrease in the number of NPCs at A beta plaque onset and progression stages. On the other hand, we showed that A beta plaques increase neurogenesis, but not gliogenesis from post-mitotic NPCs in the hippocampus of Bi-Tg mice compared with age-matched control pNes-Tg mice. The neurogenic responses of NPCs to A beta plaques suggest that experimental approaches to promote de novo neurogenesis may potentially improve neurocognitive function and provide an effective therapy for AD.