Equity and efficiency of resource allocation for management and treatment of severe mental disorders in Shanghai in 2020 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the equity and efficiency of resource allocation for management and treatment of severe mental disorders in Shanghai in 2020, and to provide a foundation for making relevant policies. Methods Data on resource allocation for the management and treatment of severe mental disorders in 17 district-level mental health institutions in 2020 were collected. The Gini coefficient was used to evaluate the equity of resource allocation by population and geographic area, and data envelopment analysis was carried out to analyze the equity of resource allocation. Results The Gini coefficients of special funds, psychiatric medical staff and actual open beds according to population were 0.24, 0.25 and 0.27, respectively. The Gini coefficients according to area were 0.54, 0.62 and 0.64, respectively. The average efficiency of resource allocation was 0.865. There were 5 institutions where DEA was effective, accounting for 29.41%. There were 12 institutions where DEA was non-effective, accounting for 70.59%. Conclusion The equity of resources allocation for the management and treatment of severe mental disorders according to population is good, but the equity of allocation based on geographic area is not high. The efficiency of resource allocation needs to be further improved. It is suggested that the resource allocation should be optimized to promote the fairness and efficiency of resource allocation for the management and treatment of severe mental disorders.

Black rockfish C-type lectin, SsCTL4: A pattern recognition receptor that promotes bactericidal activity and virus escape from host immune defense.

C-type lectin (CTL) is an immune receptor and is received extensive attention of its important roles in immune response and immune escape. Some CTL, such as CTL4, has been well characterized in human and several other mammals, but much less documentation exists about the immunological function of CTL4 in lower vertebrates. In the present study, a C-type lectin domain family 4 member, SsCTL4, which is also high homology with CD209 antigen-like protein, from the teleost fish black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) was identified and examined at expression and functional levels. The open reading frame of SsCTL4 is 765 bp, and the deduced amino acid sequence of SsCTL4 shares 78%-84% overall identities with the C-type lectin of several fish species. In silico analysis identified several conserved C-type lectin features, including a carbohydrate-recognition domain and four disulfide bond-forming cysteine residues. Expression of SsCTL4 occurred in multiple tissues and was upregulated during bacterial and viral infection. Recombinant SsCTL4 (rSsCTL4) exhibited apparent binding activities against bacteria (Edwardsiella tarda and Vibrio anguillarum) and virus (infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, ISKNV). rSsCTL4 was able to agglutinate the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The agglutinating ability of rSsCTL4 was abolished in the absence of calcium or presence of mannose. rSsCTL4 also increased macrophage bactericidal activity. In the presence of rSsCTL4, fish exhibited enhanced resistance against bacterial infection but increased susceptibility to viral infections. Collectively, these results indicate that SsCTL4 serves as a pattern recognition receptor that not only promotes bactericidal activity, but may also serve as targets for virus manipulation of host defense system.

Effect of Qishen Huoxue Granule in treating severe sepsis / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the anti-inflammatory effect and the therapeutic efficacy of Qishen Huoxue Granule (QHG) in treating severe sepsis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and sixty-seven patients with severe sepsis were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups, the 85 patients in the control group treated with conventional Western medicine and the 82 in the QHG group treated with conventional Western medicine plus QHG. Changes of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), procalcitonin (PCT), Marshall score, APACHE II score, ICU stay time and 28-day mortality were monitored and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels, the ICU stay time and 28-day mortality were significantly lower in the QHG group (all P < 0.05). During the QHG treatment, no severe adverse event was observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The integrative treatment could reduce the blood levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, shorten the ICU stay time and decrease the 28-day mortality of patients with sepsis, showing a favor therapeutic prospect.</p>

Resistance to HIV-1 infection of CD4 + T lymphocytes in vitro from chinese HIV-1 exposed seronegative individuals / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the relative resistance to HIV-1 infection of CD4 + T lymphocytes in HIV-exposed seronegative individuals (ESNs) in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HIV primary isolates were obtained from peripheral whole blood of HIV-infected persons. CD4 + T lymphocytes of Chinese ESNs were separated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells with magnetic cell sorting (MACS). The purified CD4 + T lymphocytes were cocultured with HIV primary isolates. The p24 level was detected and the culture medium was refreshed every 3 days within 2 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For M tropic HIV strains, p24 level was significantly lower in ESN group than in control group (P < 0.05); for some M tropic HIV strains, even no p24 replicated in ESN group. However, T tropic virus strains had no significant difference between these two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CD4 + T lymphocytes of Chinese ESNs may possess relative resistance to M tropic HIV strains, which may be one of the main influencing factors that result in ESN.</p>

Variant genotyping of CCR2-64I, SDF1-3' A and CCR5Delta32 in HIV-1 infected Chinese long-term nonprogressors / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To investigate variant genotyping of CCR2-64I, SDF1-3'A and CCR5Delta32 in HIV-1 infected Chinese Long-term nonprogressors and to study their association with disease progression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The genotypes of CCR2-64I, SDF1-3'A and CCR5Delta32 were detected by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) assay in seventeen HIV-1 infected Chinese Long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs) and thirty-nine Chinese typical progressors (TPs).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequency of CCR2-64I and SDF1-3'A in LTNPs are 50% and 62.5%, higher than those (23.08% and 33.33%) in TPs. Only one heterozygous CCR5 mutant was detected in LTNPs, and no CCR5 mutant in TPs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Variant genotyping of CCR2-64ISDF1-3'A and CCR5Delta32 may be protective factors for delaying disease progression in HIV-1 infected Chinese LTNPs.</p>

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of 33 children with severe acute respiratory syndrome in Guangzhou area / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Since the outbreak of a highly contagious new pneumonia, atypical pneumonia or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurred in Guangzhou area, 33 children with this syndrome were treated in the authors' hospital. The present study aimed to understand clinical characteristics and prognosis of pediatric SARS patients in Guangzhou area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiologic findings, therapeutic approaches and prognosis of the 33 children with SARS in Guangzhou area were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 33 cases, 17 were males and 16 were females. The age was between 3 months to 13 years, and 3 - 12 years old patients accounted for 82%. Five (15%) cases had an evident history of contacting SARS patient before the symptoms occurred. Another 5 (15%) cases had a history that contacts of these patients (family members or friends) developed fever and/or cough later. The most common symptoms in this cohort were fever (100%) and cough (91%). Most of the cases had high fever, higher than 39 degrees C. Near half of the cases had nonproductive cough. The initial blood cells count showed that total white blood cell (WBC) count was (2.5 - 9.7) x 10(9)/L. In 22 (67%) cases the WBC count was < 5.0 x 10(9)/L, and in 10 (30%) WBC was (5.0 - 7.0) x 10(9)/L, in 18 cases most of the WBC were lymphocyte count. Chest radiograph showed patchy infiltrates, in 15 cases the changes were unilateral, and in 18 were bilateral. The radiologic changes developed fast, in some cases the changes progressed from one side to both sides. The opacity was absorbed slowly, significant absorption took in average two weeks. Elevated ALT was found in 3 cases and elevated CK-MB in 2 cases. Treatment included isolation, good ventilation of the ward, bed rest, supportive regimens, low volume oxygen inhalation, use of Chinese traditional medicine, antibiotics to prevent bacterial infection, and anti-inflammation therapy. All the patients recovered and discharged from hospital after a mean period of 10.0 +/- 3.8 days.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SARS in children may have its own characteristics. The main clinical manifestations were high fever and cough while no severe toxic symptoms, nor respiratory failure was seen; few symptoms or signs suggesting involvement of systems other than respiratory system were seen. Chest radiograph showed uni- or bilateral asymmetric air-space infiltrates which could worsen quickly and were absorbed slowly. Though there were severe changes in the lung, the patients might not have corresponding symptoms or signs. The total white blood cell count in peripheral blood did not increase. All the patients studied had a favorable outcome after the combined treatment.</p>