[Precise minimally invasive treatment of mandibular fracture in children assisted by digital surgery technology].

Objective: To explore the role of digital three-dimensional printing technology and multifunctional board in the treatment of mandibular fracture in children. Methods: From January 2006 to January 2022, 42 children with mandibular fracture were treated by Department of Stomatology, in The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, including 25 males and 17 females. The patients, aged from 4 to 12 years, with the median age was 10 years old, were divided into observation group (22 cases) and routine group (20 cases) according to the treatment methods. In the observation group, the multifunctional board was made before operation, and the CT data of the children were imported into Mimics software in".dicom"format, and the displaced mandible was virtually reset. The jaw reduction model was made by three-dimensional printing, and the surgical operation was simulated on the reduction model to determine the model and position of the internal fixation device and shape it. During the operation, the fracture was reduced and fixed according to the preoperative design; The conventional group was treated with open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular fracture by traditional methods, and the clinical application value was compared and analyzed through the intraoperative situation, occlusal relationship, and follow-up of the two groups. Results: The total intraoperative bleeding volume [(30.25±4.02) ml] and surgical time [(64.3±9.2) min] in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the conventional group [(35.13±5.69) ml and (84.6±13.9) min, respectively] (F=6.18, P=0.003; F=1.32, P=0.001). The excellent and good rate of occlusal relationship in the observation group [96% (21/22)] was significantly higher than that in the conventional group [85% (17/20)] (F=4.27, P=0.039). The incidence of complications, the observation group, 1 case of poor occlusion, 1 case of postoperative infection; In the routine group, there were 3 cases with poor occlusion, 1 case with nerve injury, 1 case with root injury and 1 case with tooth germ injury. Conclusions: The application of digitization three-dimensional printing technology combined with multifunctional occlusal plate in children's mandibular fracture is minimally invasive, safe, efficient and accurate, and the clinical effect is good.

Simulations of neutral beam injection and ion cyclotron resonance heating synergy in high power EAST scenarios.

The EAST plasmas heated with deuterium neutral beam injection and ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) have been simulated by the TRANSP code. The analysis has been conducted using the full wave solver TORIC5, the radio frequency (RF)-kick operator, and NUBEAM to model the RF heating effects on fast ion velocity distribution. In this work, we present several simulated results compared with experiments for high power EAST scenarios, indicating that the interactions between ICRH and fast ions can significantly accelerate fast ions, which are confirmed by the increased neutron yield and broadened neutron emission spectrum measurements.

Neutron emission and fast ion simulation for high performance long pulses at EAST.

Neutron emission spectroscopy and neutron yield measurements are important for high neutral beam injection (NBI) power heating at the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). The neutron yields mainly depend on the deposition from NBI to the deuterium plasmas in the EAST. We have recently used TRANSP with time dependent diagnostic results to simulate the transport process of 30 s long pulse deuterium plasma discharges in the EAST, obtaining the time dependent fast ion distribution, neutron emission spectrum, and total neutron emission rate. Combined with the time trace of the result measured by a standard 235U fission chamber, the effects of different configurations of NBI heating in EAST fusion plasmas have been evaluated.

A compact stilbene crystal neutron spectrometer for NBI-heated plasma neutron diagnostics at EAST.

Stilbene crystal detectors are widely used as fast neutron measurement tools based on recoil proton detection, such as liquid scintillators. A compact stilbene crystal neutron spectrometer (CSCNS) has been installed at the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) to obtain information on fuel ions produced in the plasma core because of its merits of good n/γ discrimination capability, high detection efficiency, and fast response. For the first time, CSCNS has been used for neutron emission spectroscopy measurements in EAST plasmas with neutral beam injection (NBI) heating. The CSCNS has the same horizontal line of sight as the time-of-flight enhanced diagnostics neutron spectrometer. Under NBI heating scenarios, the time trace of the neutron yield monitored by the CSCNS is similar to the one monitored by a standard 235U fission chamber. The experimental pulse height spectra are also similar to the simulated ones generated by folding the simulated neutron energy spectrum with the detector response functions. These results demonstrate the capability of the CSCNS for neutron diagnostics and the study of fast-ion physics in EAST.

Strategies for controlling dog-mediated human rabies in Asia: using 'One Health' principles to assess control programmes for rabies.

Over 99% of human rabies cases in endemic areas are transmitted by dogs. Without the elimination of dog rabies, it is not easy to reduce human rabies infection. Controlling dog rabies, especially in ownerless or free-roaming dogs, is critical if we are to decrease the rate of human rabies infection. There are several components in a strategy to eliminate dog-mediated rabies in Asia. Each government must make sure that rabies is either a reportable disease or a notifiable disease and enforce the reporting requirements accordingly. They must also focus on organising and operating special rabies control committees that work with relevant agencies under the 'One Health' banner. They should also implement a national rabies control programme that includes mass dog vaccination, laboratory-based surveillance, stable budget allocation, a rapidreporting system, management of dog populations, international cooperation, prevention of animal introductions from other countries, and risk assessment to analyse the programme's weaknesses. As several developed countries have shown, an effective rabies control strategy leads to rabies-free status. In the Republic of Korea, human rabies has not occurred since 2004, and there have not been any confirmed cases of dog rabies or cases of rabies in wild animals, including raccoon dogs, since 2014. The successful implementation of the key strategies used to eliminate rabies in the Republic of Korea will enable other Asian countries to eliminate dog-mediated human rabies.

Plus de 99 % des cas humains de rage survenant dans les zones où cette maladie est endémique sont dus à des morsures de chiens. Il paraît difficile de réduire le nombre d'êtres humains infectés par le virus de la rage sans éliminer la rage canine. Le contrôle de la rage canine, en particulier dans les populations de chiens sans propriétaire ou errants est une condition essentielle si nous voulons faire baisser l'incidence de la rage humaine. La stratégie d'élimination de la rage transmise par les chiens en Asie comporte plusieurs composantes. Les gouvernements doivent s'assurer que la rage est une maladie à déclaration ou notification obligatoires et que les dispositions prévues en matière de déclaration sont bien appliquées. Ils doivent également axer leurs efforts sur la mise en place et le bon fonctionnement de commissions compétentes en matière de lutte contre la rage, qui opéreront en collaboration avec les agences pertinentes sous la bannière « Une seule santé ¼. En outre, chaque pays mettra en oeuvre un programme national de lutte contre la rage en intégrant toutes ses composantes : vaccination des chiens, surveillance sérologique, enveloppe budgétaire stable, système de notification accélérée, gestion des populations de chiens, coopération internationale, prévention de l'introduction d'animaux à partir d'autres pays et enfin évaluation des risques en vue d'analyser les faiblesses du programme. Ainsi que l'ont montré plusieurs pays développés, les stratégies efficaces de lutte contre la rage permettent d'atteindre le statut indemne de rage. En république de Corée, aucun cas de rage n'a été signalé chez l'homme depuis 2004 ; de même, aucun cas de rage n'a été confirmé chez le chien ni dans la faune sauvage, y compris chez le chien viverrin, depuis 2014. L'exemple des stratégies d'élimination de la rage appliquées avec succès en république de Corée permettra à d'autres pays asiatiques de venir à bout de la rage humaine transmise par le chien.

Los perros son los transmisores de más del 99% de los casos de rabia humana que se dan en las zonas de endemismo. De ahí la dificultad de reducir el número de personas infectadas si no se logra previamente eliminar la enfermedad en el perro, o dicho de otro modo: el control de la rabia canina, sobre todo en los perros vagabundos o sin dueño, es esencial para lograr menores índices de infección humana. Una estrategia encaminada a eliminar la rabia transmitida por perros en Asia ha de tener varios componentes. Todos los gobiernos deben hacer de la rabia una enfermedad de notificación obligatoria y hacer aplicar en consecuencia las reglas al respecto. También deben privilegiar la creación y el funcionamiento de comités especiales de lucha antirrábica que trabajen con los organismos competentes desde la lógica y los postulados de «Una sola salud¼. Además, deben instituir un programa nacional de lucha contra la rabia que, además de la vacunación masiva de perros, incluya planes de vigilancia en laboratorio, una partida presupuestaria estable, un sistema de notificación rápida, la gestión de las poblaciones caninas, la cooperación internacional, la prevención de la introducción de animales desde otros países y un proceso de determinación del riesgo para analizar los puntos débiles del programa. Como ha quedado patente en varios países desarrollados, una estrategia eficaz de lucha antirrábica acaba conduciendo a la condición de país libre de la enfermedad. En la República de Corea no se han producido casos de rabia humana desde 2004, y no ha habido ningún caso confirmado de rabia canina ni de rabia en animales silvestres, perros mapaches inclusive, desde 2014. La eficaz aplicación de las estrategias fundamentales empleadas en la República de Corea para eliminar la enfermedad hará posible que otros países asiáticos logren eliminar la rabia humana transmitida por perros.

Clinical effects of thermotherapy in combination with intracavitary infusion of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion.

Malignant fluid, a commonly seen tumor associated complication, mainly includes peritoneal effusion, malignant pleural effusion and pericardial effusion. It can produce huge negative influence on the quality of life of patients and even lead to death. Treatment of malignant effusion is one of the effective measures for improving life expectancy of patients. To evaluate the effect of thermotherapy in combination with intracavitary infusion of Kangai injection in treating malignant pleural effusion, 195 patients who received treatment from April 2010 to October 2014 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were selected and divided into an observation group and two control groups (group A and B). The observation group was treated by thermotherapy in combination with intracavitary infusion of kangai injection. Control group A was treated by intracavitary infusion of kangai injection and control group B was treated by hyperthermal perfusion in combination with intracavity chemotherapy. Clinical effects, quality of life, treatment safety and untoward reactions were compared between the groups. It was found that differences of WBC, RBC and PLT levels before and after treatment had no statistical significance comparisons within group and comparisons between groups (P>0.05); hepatic and renal functions of the groups had no remarkable difference before or after treatment (P>0.05). The clinical effect of the observation group was superior to that of control groups A and B (P less than 0.05); the Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score of the observation group was much higher than that of control groups A and B (79.34±10.58 vs 71.11±9.64), but the difference of the ZPS score between groups had no statistical significance (P>0.05). It can be concluded that thermotherapy in combination with intracavitary infusion of traditional Chinese medicine can be safely applied as it has positive effects and remarkably improves quality of life, therefore it is clinically worth promoting.

Role of TNF in mast cell neuroinflammation and pain.

Inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines and arachidonic acid compounds, lead to vascular permeability and dilation and increase sensitization and pain receptors. Proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor, are involved in the etiology of clinical neurological disorders. These cytokines activate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) which leads to the activation of different inflammatory genes. TNF implicated in neurological disorders has an important role in the activation of microglia and astrocytes. The inhibition of TNF may lead to the decrease of microglia activation and can be useful for therapeutic intervention. TNF, at the site of nerve injury may activate mast cells (MCs) which mediate pathologic events such as headache and pain. TNF is the only cytokine stored in mast cells and can be rapidly released along with biogenic amines after MC stimulation. Activation of MCs leads to NF-κB and AP1 generation with release of many cytokines including TNF, IL-33 and IL-1. In this paper we discuss the role of TNF in MC activation, mediating pain and neurological disorders.

Analysis of drug-resistant gene detection of blaOXA-like genes from Acinetobacter baumannii.

Our study determines the resistance gene profile of a set of Acinetobacter baumannii hospital isolates. A. baumannii is responsible for nosocomial outbreaks and sporadic infections. We extracted and PCR amplified bacterial DNA isolated from patients with ages below 60 years (23.36%) and above 60 years (76.64%). Most of the patients were admitted in the ICU (36.13%) and pneumology departments (28.47%). Of 164 isolated strains, 16 (9.75%) contained OXA-51, 8 (4.88%) contained OXA-58, and 140 (85.37%) contained both OXA-51 and OXA-23. Additionally, 8 (7.41%) strains containing OXA-58 and 100 (92.59%) strains containing both OXA-51 and OXA-23 showed multidrug-resistance. Drug resistance rates of A. baumannii to amikacin, tobramycin-levofloxacin, and cotrimoxazole were above 90%, while drug resistance rates to ampicillin, cefotetan, cefazolin, cefoperazone, and nitrofurantoin were 100%. In conclusion, we found that isolated strains containing OXA-51 and OXA-23 were more likely to be resistant or have decreased sensitivity to carbapenems.

Surface induced phase separation and pattern formation at the isotropic interface in chiral nematic liquid crystals.

We study the pattern formation of a chiral nematic liquid crystal under a wetting transition. In the isotropic-liquid crystal transition, a surface-enhanced effect happens and a thin liquid crystal layer forms at the substrates of the cell. In this confined system, chirality, elastic anisotropy, surface anchoring, and wetting strength interplay. A striped pattern is formed due to the chiral nature of the material and the tilted anchoring at the isotropic boundary. As the wetting layer grows from cooling the sample, first the stripes rotate through a process where dislocation defects are formed. As the wetting layer grows further, the periodicity of the stripe structure changes, and finally a splitting of the stripes occurs. Because of the unique properties of this system, new insights about pitch-thickness ratio, interface anchoring, and elastic anisotropy effect are found. Since the anchoring at the isotropic boundary is weak, the critical ratio between the thickness of the wetting layer and the helical pitch is different from that reported in the literature. We also discover that the elastic anisotropy and elastic constant ratios play a critical role in stripe formation. Because of the similarity with biological fibrous composites (twisted plywood), our system may be used as a synthetic version to mimic the naturally occurring one. We carry out a simulation study to explain the experimental results.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis following intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) can be caused by drugs administered via routes other than the airway. We report a case of HP caused by intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) administered for the treatment of bladder cancer. We attempt to identify the causative agents of HP. A 60-year-old, nonsmoking homemaker was referred to our hospital with nonresolving pneumonia. The patient had dyspnea, cough, and fever that started after 3 weekly cycles of intravesical BCG. High-resolution computed tomography of the chest revealed multiple tiny nodules and ground-glass opacities on both lung fields. Pulmonary function tests revealed a restrictive ventilatory defect with decreased diffusion capacity. Histopathology of the transbronchial lung biopsy specimens showed immature noncaseating granulomata. Immunoblotting analysis of serum and BCG demonstrated more than 10 immunoglobulin G fractions binding to BCG. This case illustrates that HP can be caused by intravesical instillation of BCG.

Climate change impacts and risks for animal health in Asia.

The threat of climate change and global warming is now recognised worldwide and some alarming manifestations of change have occurred. The Asian continent, because of its size and diversity, may be affected significantly by the consequences of climate change, and its new status as a 'hub' of livestock production gives it an important role in mitigating possible impacts of climate variability on animal health. Animal health may be affected by climate change in four ways: heat-related diseases and stress, extreme weather events, adaptation of animal production systems to new environments, and emergence or re-emergence of infectious diseases, especially vector-borne diseases critically dependent on environmental and climatic conditions. To face these new menaces, the need for strong and efficient Veterinary Services is irrefutable, combined with good coordination of public health services, as many emerging human diseases are zoonoses. Asian developing countries have acute weaknesses in their Veterinary Services, which jeopardises the global surveillance network essential for early detection of hazards. Indeed, international cooperation within and outside Asia is vital to mitigating the risks of climate change to animal health in Asia.

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis as a manifestation of carbamazepine hypersensitivity syndrome.

Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) is a multisystemic disorder involving cutaneous changes and typical blood abnormalities that can be triggered by aromatic anticonvulsant drugs.The syndrome is commonly associated with a macular or papular rash or erythroderma. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is a very rare cutaneous manifestation of AHS. A 41-year-old man was referred to our hospital for evaluation of a 3-day history of fever, leukocytosis, and generalized skin eruption. The patient had been taking carbamazepine for 1 month to treat hand tremor following surgery for intracerebral hemorrhage. Physical examination revealed facial edema and a large number of variable-sized pustules covering the body. Initial laboratory testing showed peripheral blood eosinophilia and abnormal liver function.A biopsy of pustular lesions revealed intraepidermal pustules, with perivascular lymphocytic infiltration. The skin lesions and laboratory results improved after withdrawal of carbamazepine and treatment with oral corticosteroids.

Analysis of polymer additives in high-temperature liquid chromatography.

A high-temperature liquid chromatographic technique is employed for the separation of commercially available polymer additives to enhance the resolution and speed. Separation efficiencies and elution behaviors for seven phthalate plasticizers and five antioxidants are evaluated at elevated column temperatures and with a thermal gradient. Diamondbond C18 (octadecylsilica), Zirchrom PS (zirconia-based polystyrene), and Zirchrom PBD (zirconia-based polybutadiene) columns are selected for the study because of their thermal stability. The temperature programming is controlled with a column oven in conjunction with an independent mobile phase preheater and a post-column effluent cooling assembly. Van't Hoff plots show that the reverse-phase liquid chromatography mechanism is maintained over a wide range of column temperatures. A 1% increase of acetonitrile in the mobile phase is estimated to have a comparable effect as a 7-7.5 degrees C column temperature increase on the retention time changes.

Multidimensional 2H NMR study of dynamical heterogeneity in polymer nanocomposites.

Nanoconfined polymer chains-as can be formed when polymers intercalate into layered inorganic materials-show remarkable bulk properties, many of which are connected to dynamical heterogeneity in the polymeric phase. Microscopically, it appears that slow dynamical modes are associated with the species in direct contact with the surface, with substantially more mobile species only a fraction of a nm away. In the more distant phase, larger angle and moderately fast dynamics (typically, ns-micros) grows in over a broad temperature range not well correlated to bulk phase transitions. In this work, we probe the slowest dynamical modes and apply one- and two-dimensional (2)H exchange NMR experiments to study thin polymer layers intercalated between the flat inorganic faces of fluorohectorite (FH). One sample is created by intercalation of perdeuterated poly(ethylene oxide) into FH, and the second by intercalation of d(3)-poly(styrene) into a surface-modified FH. Large-amplitude reorientation of the PEO backbone is substantially hindered in the narrow two-dimensional layers, and reorientation is limited to small-amplitude steps at rates that are largely independent of temperature. Simulations of the two-dimensional exchange experiments suggest that dynamics in nanoconfined polymers is associated with small-angle rotational diffusion.

Analysis of trinucleotide repeats in different SCA loci in spinocerebellar ataxia patients and in normal population of Taiwan.

OBJECTIVE: To identify various subtypes of spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) among autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA) patients referred to our research center, SCA1, SCA2, SCA3/MJD (Machado-Joseph disease), SCA6, SCA7, SCA8 and SCA12 loci were assessed for expansion of trinucleotide repeats. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 211 ADCA patients, including 202 patients with dominantly inherited ataxia from 81 Taiwanese families and nine patients with sporadic ataxia, were included in this study and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The amplified products of all loci were analyzed on both 3% agarose gels and 6% denaturing urea-polyacrylamide gels. PCR-based Southern blots were also applied for the detection of SCA7 locus. RESULTS: The SCA1 mutation was detected in six affected individuals from one family (1.2%) with expanded alleles of 50-53 CAG repeats. Fourteen individuals from nine families (11%) had a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion at the SCA2 locus, while affected SCA2 alleles have 34-49 CAG repeats. The SCA3/MJD CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in 60 affected individuals from 26 families (32%) was expanded to 71-85 CAG repeats. As for the SCA7 locus, there were two affected individuals from one family (1.2%) possessed 41 and 100 CAG repeats, respectively. However, we did not detect expansion in the SCA6, SCA8 and SCA12 loci in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: The SCA3/MJD CAG expansion was the most frequent mutation among the SCA patients. The relative prevalence of SCA3/MJD in Taiwan was higher than that of SCA2, SCA1 and SCA7.

Molecular basis and characteristics of KATP channel in human corporal smooth muscle cells.

Relaxation of the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle is an absolute prerequisite for penile erection. Potassium channels play a role in the physiologic regulation of corporal smooth muscle tone. In spite of the physiological importance of K(ATP) channel in the modulation of corporal smooth muscle tone, there is a shortage of information available about the K(ATP) channel subtype(s) present in the corporal smooth muscle. The purpose of this study was to investigate the subunit type of K(ATP) channel, that is, the combinations of the Kir subunit and the SUR subunit in the human corporal smooth muscle and determine whether the electrophysiological kinetics and pharmacological properties of K(ATP) channels meet the subunit characteristics of the ion channel. We used cultured human corporal smooth muscle cells. To determine the presence of Kir and SURs subunits, RT-PCR was performed using Kir6.1, Kir6.2, SUR1, SUR2A, and SUR2B gene-specific primers. For electrophysiological recordings, the whole-cell, inside-out, and cell-attached configurations of the patch-clamp technique were used. We observed transcripts for Kir6.1, Kir6.2, and SUR2B in mRNA isolated from smooth muscle cells of cultured human corpus carvernosum. We recorded the unitary K(ATP) channel under the condition of intracellular and extracellular 140 mM [K(+)], and the slope conductance of the channel was 42.0+/-2.6 pS which is an intermediate conductance between that of either Kir6.1 or Kir6.2. The pinacidil (10 microM) increased the magnitude of the outward K(+) current (214.6+/-89.2%, n=12, < or = 0.05), which was blocked by the subsequent addition of the specific K(ATP) channel subtype selective blocker, glibenclamide (10 microM). The SIN-1(200 microM) induced increases in whole-cell outward K(+) currents (126.0+/-1.4%, n=4). The increased currents by SIN-1 were inhibited by glibenclamide (10 microM). We are the first to show that K(ATP) channel in human corporal smooth muscle is composed of Kir6.1-Kir6.2 construct expressed with SUR2B by RT-PCR. These findings, taken together with the electrophysiological results, suggest that K(ATP) channel in corporal smooth muscle cells is composed of heteromultimers of Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 with the ratio of 3 : 1 or 4 : 0 and SUR2B.

Evolution of disclinations in cholesteric liquid crystals.

We studied the evolution of defect lines (oily streaks) in cholesteric liquid crystals. In contrast to nematic liquid crystals, there were no interactions between the defect lines in cholesteric liquid crystals. We observed experimentally that individual open defect segments shrank with time with a linear relation, and individual defect loops shrank with time with a square root relation. We also observed that the defects in cholesteric liquid crystals were mainly interconnected loops, and the total length of the defect lines decreased with time logarithmically because of the distribution of loop size. The decay constant depended on the helical pitch of the liquid crystal and temperature.

Mechanism of renal effects of intracerebroventricular histamine in rabbits.

Histamine, when given intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.), has been reported to produce antidiuresis in the rabbit. In this study it was attempted to elucidate the mechanism involved in the effect. Histamine (H), 100 micrograms/kg i.c.v., produced antidiuresis with decreases in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate in urethane-anesthetized rabbits. With larger doses, a tendency towards increased electrolyte excretion was noted in spite of decreased filtration. In the denervated kidney, marked diuresis and natriuresis were observed following i.c.v. H, whereas the contralateral innervated kidney responded with typical antidiuresis. Reserpinized rabbits also responded with marked natriuresis to i.c.v. H. Diphenhydramine (D), 250 micrograms/kg i.c.v., increased urine flow rate, sodium and potassium excretion, along with increase in renal perfusion. With 750 micrograms/kg i.c.v., marked natriuresis was observed in spite of decreased filtration. When H was given after D (250 micrograms/kg) the antidiuresis was completely abolished, and diuresis became more prominent. Cimetidine, 250 micrograms/kg i.c.v., elicited antidiuresis with decreases in renal hemodynamics, the pretreatment with cimetidine did not influence the antidiuresis by H and no natriuresis was noted. The present study suggests that histamine, given i.c.v., influences renal function in dual ways, i.e., antidiuresis by increasing the sympathetic tone to the kidney and diuresis due to some humoral natriuretic factor, the latter becoming apparent only when the former influence has been removed, and further suggests that H1-receptors might be involved in the nerve-mediated antidiuresis, whereas H2-receptors might mediate the humorally induced natriuresis and diuresis.