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Panicle-type structure is an important factor affecting rice yield, and an excellent panicle type has become a key indicator in rice breeding. In this study, the indica rice variety R766, which has an open panicle type, was obtained through natural mutation and hybrid selection. Through analyzing differences in panicle structure, panicle yield, and chemical composition between open panicle rice R766 and conventional panicle rice R2928, we found that the angles of the middle and lower branches in R766 were 186.99% and 135.93% greater than those in R2928, respectively. By comparing the grain-filling characteristics of different panicle positions in the two rice varieties, we found that the grain filling at the middle and lower panicle positions of R2928 was significantly lower, accompanied by an increase in the percentage of empty spikelets. However, in R766, the grain-filling rates in the middle and lower panicle positions were consistent with those in the upper panicle position, with significantly higher rates of grain filling and grain plumpness in the middle and lower panicle positions than in R2928. The empty grain rate at the lower panicle position of R766 was 15.25% lower than that of R2928, and the grain filling was 24.75% higher than that of R2928. Additionally, the variation in the 1000-grain weight of grains at different panicle positions in R766 was relatively small, with decreases of 1.55% and 0.38% in the middle and lower panicle positions, respectively, compared with the upper position, whereas R2928 showed decreases of 5.99% and 7.12% in the 1000-grain weight of grains at the middle and lower panicle positions, respectively, compared with the upper position. The cellulose content in the stems of R766 was 7.51% higher than that of R2928, with no significant difference in the cellulose content in the panicle axis and primary branches compared to R2928. The lignin content of the panicle axis in R766 was 8.03% higher than that in R2928, whereas there was no significant difference between the lignin content of the stems and primary branches. This preliminary study revealed the open panicle characteristics of R766 and the reasons for its high basal grain setting rate. This study provides a reference for promoting this open panicle-type indica rice variety to improve yield and disease resistance in environments with high humidity and low sunlight levels.
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In vitro fertilization (IVF) has revolutionized infertility treatment, benefiting millions of couples worldwide. However, current clinical practices for embryo selection rely heavily on visual inspection of morphology, which is highly variable and experience dependent. Here, we propose a comprehensive artificial intelligence (AI) system that can interpret embryo-developmental knowledge encoded in vast unlabeled multi-modal datasets and provide personalized embryo selection. This AI platform consists of a transformer-based network backbone named IVFormer and a self-supervised learning framework, VTCLR (visual-temporal contrastive learning of representations), for training multi-modal embryo representations pre-trained on large and unlabeled data. When evaluated on clinical scenarios covering the entire IVF cycle, our pre-trained AI model demonstrates accurate and reliable performance on euploidy ranking and live-birth occurrence prediction. For AI vs. physician for euploidy ranking, our model achieved superior performance across all score categories. The results demonstrate the potential of the AI system as a non-invasive, efficient, and cost-effective tool to improve embryo selection and IVF outcomes.
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This research aims to estimate the relationship between green bond financing and the OECD nations' performance on the renewable energy indices. The study attempted to quantify the relationship between concepts by analyzing data from OECD countries for 2011-2019. Padroni unit root test, FMOLS, and DOLS method provide evidence for the study's results and convey broad policy implications on this important topic. The robustness is consequently examined through a long-term sensitivity analysis employing the FMOLS, and green bond financing nexus concerning the renewable energy indices is shown for comparison. The study showed that financing of green bonds had a predictable impact on renewable energy indices variables. Green bonds' unequal implications for renewable energy measures across the study period bear out this interpretation. The study's findings call for full suppot from government institutions, energy agencies, and departments to optimize energy efficiency, as green bond financing played a 32% role in OECD nation's renewable energy index constructions and increased per unit improvement in renewable energy sources by 9.6%. The research offers many policy recommendations for improving energy efficiency through renewable energy generation. Recent studies extend and contribute to the existing body of literature, although the scientific discussion on this subject matter still needs to be more detailed and understudied. Financial unpredictability may be transformed into a tremendous opportunity if the renewable energy business is appropriately regulated.
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Starch-based films have received considerable attention, owing to their commendable biocompatible and biodegradable properties; however, their poor ultraviolet (UV)-blocking and antibacterial performances limit their application in fruit preservation. Herein, bio-based bifunctional benzoxazine (Bi-BOZ) compounds with different carbon chain lengths were synthesized, and the influence of chain lengths on the antibacterial effect was explored. Benzoxazine with 1,12-dodecanediamine as the amine source (BOZ-DDA) exhibited excellent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 21.7 ± 2.2 and 23.3 ± 2.6 µg/mL against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, mainly because the electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic effect of BOZ-DDA, effectively disrupted the bacterial integrity. DS/DDA films with hydrophobic, antibacterial, and UV-resistant abilities were prepared by the Schiff-base reaction between BOZ-DDA and dialdehyde starch (DS). The interactions between the films increased with BOZ-DDA content, enhanced mechanical and barrier properties. DS/DDA films exhibited acid-responsive antibacterial activity attributed to the acid hydrolysis of Schiff bases, released of BOZ-DDA from the films, and the protonation of BOZ-DDA. DS/DDA films exhibited commendable antibacterial and anti-ultraviolet characteristics compared to commercially available films, allowing them to prevent the degradation of mangoes and grapes. As sustainable antibacterial materials, the multifunctional DS/DDA films manifest promising prospects in fruit preservation packaging applications.
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Benzoxazinas , Frutas , Bases de Schiff , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Escherichia coli , Embalagem de Alimentos , AmidoRESUMO
Introduction: Bacterial contamination is a critical parameter for how long a medical mask will be worn. Methods: In this study, we used the pour plate method to observe the total bacteria counts in used medical face masks. The bacterial community analysis was detected using bio-Mass spectrometry technology and 16SrRNA gene sequencing technology. The wearing time of the mask from 0.5 hours to 5 hours were studied. Results: These results shown that the total number of bacteria on the inside surface of the mask were higher than the outside. The total number of bacteria on the inner surface of masks worn for 0.5 h, 1 h 2 h, 4 h and 5 h was 69 CFU/m2,91.3 CFU/m2, 159.6 CFU/m2, 219 CFU/m2, and 879 CFU/m2, respectively. The total number of bacteria on the outside surface of masks worn for 0.5 h, 1 h 2 h, 4 h and 5 h was 60 CFU/m2, 82.7 CFU/m2, 119.8 CFU/m2, 200 CFU/m2, and 498 CFU/m2, respectively. The bacterial abundance obtained from bio-Mass spectrometry were consistent with the results of 16SrRNA sequencing. Both the methods discovered the maximum number of Neisseria followed by Corynebacterium species in mask worn 5 hours. The top 100 bacteria isolated from inside and outside surface of mask belong to 11 phyla. Conclusions: We analyzed bacterial penetration efficiency of the bacteria that were detected both on the inside and outside surface of the masks. In the top 10 bacteria, no bacteria were detected both inside and outside the mask worn for four hours, while 6 bacteria species were detected on the inside and outside of the mask after wearing for five hours. Bacterial penetration rates ranged from 0.74% to 99.66% for masks worn continuously for five hours, and the penetration rate of four strains exceeded 10% in the top 10 colonies. We recommend timely replacement of masks worn for more than four hours.
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Bactérias , Máscaras , Bactérias/genética , Contagem de Colônia MicrobianaRESUMO
The personalized titration and optimization of insulin regimens for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are resource-demanding healthcare tasks. Here we propose a model-based reinforcement learning (RL) framework (called RL-DITR), which learns the optimal insulin regimen by analyzing glycemic state rewards through patient model interactions. When evaluated during the development phase for managing hospitalized patients with T2D, RL-DITR achieved superior insulin titration optimization (mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.10 ± 0.03 U) compared to other deep learning models and standard clinical methods. We performed a stepwise clinical validation of the artificial intelligence system from simulation to deployment, demonstrating better performance in glycemic control in inpatients compared to junior and intermediate-level physicians through quantitative (MAE of 1.18 ± 0.09 U) and qualitative metrics from a blinded review. Additionally, we conducted a single-arm, patient-blinded, proof-of-concept feasibility trial in 16 patients with T2D. The primary outcome was difference in mean daily capillary blood glucose during the trial, which decreased from 11.1 (±3.6) to 8.6 (±2.4) mmol L-1 (P < 0.01), meeting the pre-specified endpoint. No episodes of severe hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia with ketosis occurred. These preliminary results warrant further investigation in larger, more diverse clinical studies. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05409391 .
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Controle Glicêmico , Inteligência Artificial , Insulina/uso terapêutico , GlicemiaRESUMO
Urban renewal can transform areas that are not adapted to modern urban life, allowing them to redevelop and flourish; however, the renewal process generates many new construction sites, producing environmentally harmful construction dust. The widespread use of urban green plastic cover (GPC) at construction sites and the development of high-resolution satellites have made it possible to extract the spatial distribution of construction sites and provide a basis for environmental protection authorities to protect against dust sources. Existing GPC extraction methods based on remote sensing images are either difficult to obtain the exact boundary of GPC or cannot provide corresponding algorithms according to different application scenarios. In order to determine the distribution of green plastic cover in the built-up area, this paper selects a variety of typical machine learning algorithms to classify the land cover of the test area image and selects K-nearest neighbor as the best machine learning algorithm through accuracy evaluation. Then multiple deep learning methods were used and the top networks with high overall scores were selected by comparing various aspects. Then these networks were used to predict the GPC of the test area image, and the accuracy evaluation results showed that the segmentation accuracy of deep learning was much higher than that of machine learning methods, but it took more time to predict. Therefore, combining different application scenarios, this paper gives the corresponding suggested methods for GPC extraction.
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Algoritmos , Tecnologia de Sensoriamento Remoto , Tecnologia de Sensoriamento Remoto/métodos , Aprendizado de Máquina , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Reforma UrbanaRESUMO
Since biofouling challenges negatively influence the marine and transportation industries, developing effective antifouling materials have attracted extensive concern. A tyrosine-based antifouling phenolic resin (TPP resin) was synthesized using tyrosine as a natural phenol source. TPP exhibited shell-like surface morphology with micro-ripples and excellent anti-adhesion properties against bacteria and diatom. The micro-ripples surface might be caused by the strong hydrogen bonding or ionic interaction among tyrosine units resulting in microphase separation during the curing process. Tyrosine content in TPP resin has a great influence on the surface properties, morphology and antifouling characteristics. The higher the tyrosine content, the higher is the surface hydrophilicity, the denser and more regular is the micro-ripples morphology, and the stronger is the antifouling performance. TPP-60 % exhibited the best antifouling performance. Combination of the surface hydrophilicity and regular micro-ripples surface morphology afford TPP excellent antifouling performance. TPP resins offer a broad prospect for developing phenolic resin in the antifouling field.
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Incrustação Biológica , Incrustação Biológica/prevenção & controle , Formaldeído , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Fenóis/farmacologia , Polímeros , Propriedades de Superfície , TirosinaRESUMO
The fundamental goal of artificial intelligence (AI) is to mimic the core cognitive activities of human. Despite tremendous success in the AI research, most of existing methods have only single-cognitive ability. To overcome this limitation and take a solid step towards artificial general intelligence (AGI), we develop a foundation model pre-trained with huge multimodal data, which can be quickly adapted for various downstream cognitive tasks. To achieve this goal, we propose to pre-train our foundation model by self-supervised learning with weak semantic correlation data crawled from the Internet and show that promising results can be obtained on a wide range of downstream tasks. Particularly, with the developed model-interpretability tools, we demonstrate that strong imagination ability is now possessed by our foundation model. We believe that our work makes a transformative stride towards AGI, from our common practice of "weak or narrow AI" to that of "strong or generalized AI".
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Inteligência Artificial , Inteligência , Coleta de Dados , HumanosRESUMO
In this paper, superhydrophilic polyimide (PI) membranes were prepared using the electrostatic spinning method, capped with a hydrophilic ionic liquid (IL), and blended with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Using this preparation, the surface of the fiber membranes was coated in polydopamine (PDA) by means of an in-growth method. Scanning electron micrographs showed prepared blend films can form continuous fibers, for whom the distributions of diameter and pore were uniform. Post-modification (carried out by adding hydrophilic substances), the ability of the membrane surface to adhere to water was also significantly improved. The water contact angle was reduced from 128.97 ± 3.86° in unmodified PI to 30.26 ± 2.16°. In addition, they displayed a good separation effect on emulsified oil/water mixtures. The membrane flux reached a maximum value of 290 L·m-2·h-1, with a maximum separation efficiency reached of more than 99%. After being recycled 10 times, the separation efficiency maintained a level exceeding 95%. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the simplicity and efficiency of this experiment, thereby providing new ideas for the future application of membrane separation technology in wastewater treatment.
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Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by polydactyly, obesity, rod-cone dystrophy, and mental retardation. Twenty-one genes have been identified as causing BBS. This study collected a BBS pedigree from two patients and performed whole-exome sequencing on one patient. We identified a novel homozygous variant c.1114C>T (p.Q372X) in the BBS9 of the two siblings. This variant was confirmed and completely cosegregated with the disease of this family by Sanger sequencing. We report a novel homozygous variant c.1114C>T in the BBS9 gene in a Chinese family.
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Síndrome de Bardet-Biedl/genética , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto/genética , Mutação , Síndrome de Bardet-Biedl/patologia , China , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Masculino , Linhagem , Sequenciamento do ExomaRESUMO
At present, bacteria continue to threaten human health, and the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics continues to increase, so the development of new antibacterial agents and antibacterial materials is increasingly important to ensure human health. In this paper, three polyether biguanide compounds with high antibacterial properties were synthesized by reacting polyetheramine T403 with o-tolylbiguanide, m-tolylbiguanide and p-tolylbiguanide (o-TTB, m-TTB and p-TTB), respectively. The antimicrobial performance of polyether biguanide against E. coli and S. aureus was evaluated using a minimum inhibitory concentration method, and the results showed that the synthesized polyether biguanide exhibited efficient and broad-spectrum antimicrobial effects. Among them, o-tolyl biguanide derivative o-TTB showed the best antimicrobial performance, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 20 and 15 µg/mL against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Then, epoxy resin E51 was cured using the obtained TTB as a curing agent to prepare an epoxy resin with antibacterial properties. The inhibition of the growth of S. aureus by the cured o-TTB/E51 resin was investigated by incubating the cured epoxy resin with bacteria, and the results showed that the cured resin had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of bacteria. The non-isothermal curing kinetics of the o-TTB/E51 system were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine the optimized curing reaction temperature, curing kinetic parameters and curing kinetics equation.
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The preparation, characterization and gas separation properties of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) were obtained from polyimide capped with ionic liquid and blended with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The synthesized MOF was amine functionalized to produce UiO-66-NH2, and its amino group has a higher affinity for CO2. Mixed matrix membranes exhibited good membrane forming ability, heat resistance and mechanical properties. The polyimide membrane exclusively capped by ionic liquid exhibited good permselectivity of 74.1 for CO2/CH4, which was 6.2 times that of the pure polyimide membrane. It is worth noting that MMM blended with UiO-66-NH2 demonstrated the highest ideal selectivity for CO2/CH4 (95.1) with a CO2 permeability of 7.61 Barrer, which is close to the 2008 Robeson upper bound. The addition of UiO-66-NH2 and ionic liquid enhanced the permselectivity of MMMs, which may be one of the promising technologies for high performance CO2/CH4 gas separation.
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The emergence of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) resistant to existing antimicrobial drugs is a growing health crisis. To decrease the overuse of antibiotics, molecular diagnostic systems that can rapidly determine the presence of antibiotic resistance (AR) genes in LABs from yogurt samples are needed. This paper describes a fully integrated, miniaturized plastic chip and closed-tube detection chemistry that performs multiplex nucleic acid amplification. High-throughput identification of AR genes was achieved through this approach, and six AR genes were analyzed simultaneously in < 2 h. This time-to-result included the time required for the extraction of DNA. The detection limit of the chip was 103 CFU mL-1, which was consistent with that of tube LAMP. We detected and identified multiple DNAs, including streptomycin, tetracycline, and vancomycin resistance-associated genes, with complete concordance to the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.Key Points⢠A miniaturized chip was presented, and multiplex nucleic acid amplification was performed.⢠The device can be integrated with LAMP for rapid detection of antibiotic resistance genes.⢠The approach had a high throughput of AR gene analysis in lactic acid bacteria.
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Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Genes Bacterianos , Lactobacillales/genética , Microfluídica/métodos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Lactobacillales/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactobacillales/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Microfluídica/instrumentação , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico , Polimetil Metacrilato , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Iogurte/microbiologiaRESUMO
In recent years, the relationship between Cyp2C19*2 gene polymorphism and clopidogrel resistance reflected by platelet function assay has been studied extensively, but there is no clear conclusion yet. In order to evaluate the relationship between Cyp2C19*2 gene polymorphism and clopidogrel resistance more accurately, meta-analysis was conducted in this study. The I2 value taking 50% as the limit, the heterogeneity is judged as high or low, and then a random effect model or a fixed effect model is selected for statistical analysis. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, and China Wanfang database were searched, and the related literatures from the establishment of the database to May 2020 were collected and analyzed by STATA 15.0 software. A total of 3,073 patients were involved in 12 studies, including 1,174 patients with clopidogrel resistance and 1,899 patients with non-clopidogrel resistance. The results of this study showed that allele model (A vs. G): OR = 2.42 (95%CI: 1.97-2.98); dominant model (AA+GA vs. GG): OR = 2.74 (95%CI: 2.09-3.59); recessive model (AA vs. GA+GG): OR = 4.07 (95%CI: 3.06-5.41); homozygous model (AA vs. GG): OR = 5.70 (95%CI: 4.22-7.71); heterozygote model (GA vs. GG): OR = 2.32 (95%CI: 1.76-3.07), the differences were statistically significant. Also, the analysis of the Ethnicity subgroup indicated that the Asian allele model and the other four gene models were statistically significant. In conclusion, Cyp2C19*2 gene polymorphism is strongly associated with clopidogrel resistance. Allele A, genotype GA, AA, and GG + GA can increase clopidogrel resistance, especially in the Asian population.
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Ethyl cellulose was grafted with ionic liquids in optimal yields (62.5-64.1%) and grafting degrees (5.93-7.90%) by the esterification of the hydroxyl groups in ethyl cellulose with the carboxyl groups in ionic liquids. In IR spectra of the ethyl cellulose derivatives exhibited C=O bond stretching vibration peaks at 1760 or 1740 cm-1, confirming the formation of the ester groups and furnishing the evidence of the successful grafting of ethyl cellulose with ionic liquids. The ethyl cellulose grafted with ionic liquids could be formed into membranes by using the casting solution method. The resulting membranes exhibited good membrane forming ability and mechanical properties. The EC grafted with ionic liquids-based membranes demonstrated PCO2/PCH4 separation factors of up to 18.8, whereas the PCO2/PCH4 separation factor of 9.0 was obtained for pure EC membrane (both for CO2/CH4 mixture gas). The membranes also demonstrated an excellent gas permeability coefficient PCO2, up to 199 Barrer, which was higher than pure EC (PCO2 = 46.8 Barrer). Therefore, it can be concluded that the ionic liquids with imidazole groups are immensely useful for improving the gas separation performances of EC membranes.
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PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological and visual outcomes and to identify the main prognostic factors of intralenticular foreign body (ILFB) injuries. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 21 patients (21 eyes) referred to Hebei Eye Hospital in North China from January 2012 to December 2017, who underwent surgical removal of ILFBs and associated ocular trauma repairs. Data regarding the patient demographics, cause of the injury, nature of the ILFB, clinical features, time interval between the injury and the ILFB removal, time interval between the presentation and the surgery, and the initial and final best-corrected visual acuities (BCVAs) were analyzed, and the main prognostic factors were identified. RESULTS: Male adults were most affected by ILFBs (90.5%). The mean age of the patients was 41.5 years (median: 46 years, range: 21 to 60 years). None of the patients were wearing goggles at the time of the injury. The most common ILFB cause was hammering the metal (57.1%), and most of the ILFBs were metallic (71.4%). After medical treatment, the final BCVA was improved significantly (Z = 2.49, P=0.015). There was a significant association between the ILFBs with posterior segment injuries and the final BCVA (χ 2 = 10.03, P=0.01). Those factors showing no statistical association with the final BCVA included the age (χ 2 = 0.36, P=1.0), gender (χ 2 = 0.52, P=1.0), nature of the ILFB (χ 2 = 1.11, P=0.54), entrance wound location (χ 2 = 2.85, P=0.25), and time interval between the injury and the ILFB removal (χ 2 = 1.87, P=0.23). CONCLUSION: This is the first local study to explore the epidemiology of ILFB injuries and to identify the main prognostic factors. There was a significant association between the ILFBs with posterior segment injuries and the final BCVA. Improved public awareness and strengthened education regarding safety are the key approaches to reduce the incidence of eye injuries.
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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Enterovirus 71 (EV71) has a propensity to cause hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) epidemics associated with neurological sequelae. Unfortunately, no drugs are currently available for the clinical treatment of EV71 infections. Sophoridine (SRI) is one of the most abundant alkaloids in Sophora flavescens Aiton (Leguminosae), which has been used to treat fever, throat inflammation, cancer, and other diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we found that SRI inhibits EV71 infection in Vero cells. To study the antiviral activity of SRI, Vero cells were divided into 3 treatment groups based on the timing of SRI dosing: prior to viral adsorption (Group A), during viral adsorption (Group B), and after viral adsorption (Group C). We further revealed the antiviral activity of SRI with the attachment assay and the penetration assay. For Group A, 50% viability of Vero cells was observed at a SRI concentration of 61.39⯵g/mL, whereas for Groups B, 50% viability was observed at SRI concentrations of 196.86⯵g/mL. Furthermore, 29.7% cell viability was observed even at a SRI concentration of 1000⯵g/mL in Groups C. The results show that SRI was highly effective against EV71 when Vero cells were pretreated with SRI for 2â¯h (Group A). Further researches indicate SRI was highly effective at inhibiting EV71 attachment when the SRI concentrations over 250⯵g/mL (Pâ¯<â¯0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that Vero cell viability increases when SRI is administered prior to viral adsorption. This suggests that SRI has the considerable potential as an antiviral for EV71 disease prevention.
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Alcaloides/farmacologia , Antivirais/farmacologia , Enterovirus Humano A/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinolizinas/farmacologia , Alcaloides/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Chlorocebus aethiops , Efeito Citopatogênico Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Quinolizinas/isolamento & purificação , Sophora/química , Células Vero , MatrinasRESUMO
The [Rh(L-alaninate)(cod)] (cod = 1,5-Cyclooctadiene) complex was synthesized and characterized. Asymmetric polymerizations of achiral phenylacetylene with two hydroxyl groups and a dodecyl group (DoDHPA) were performed by using the rhodium complex as the catalyst to provide polymers with a higher molecular weight (>105) than the polymers obtained using the [Rh(cod)Cl]2 initiator systems. The resulting polymers showed circular dichroism (CD) signals at approximately 310 and 470 nm, indicating that they have a preferential one-handed helical structure. The helix sense in the polymer main chain was controlled by the sign of the catalyst chirality. These findings suggest that the rhodium complex with a chiral amine is the true active species for the helix-sense-selective polymerization of DoDHPA. The [Rh(L-alaninate)(cod)] complex also exhibits high catalytic activity in the polymerization of phenylacetylene (PA) to give a high yield and molecular weight. All these results demonstrate that this Rh complex is an excellent catalyst for the polymerization of phenylacetylene monomers.
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Sophocarpine (SCA) is a bioactive alkaloid present in Sophoraflavescens Ait. The present study demonstrated that SCA inhibited enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection in Vero cells. The results indicated that the 50% cytotoxicity concentration of SCA for Vero cells was 1,346 µg/ml, and the 50% inhibition concentration of SCA against EV71 was 350 µg/ml. SCA produced a marked inhibitory effect against EV71 when the Vero cells were treated with SCA prior to infection with the virus. Additionally, SCA was effective against EV71 when the Vero cells were infected with EV71 (100xTCID50) that had been treated with SCA for 2 h, and was effective when the Vero cells were infected with EV71 (100xTCID50) at 37°C under 5% CO2 for 2 h prior to treatment with SCA for 2 h. SCA was demonstrated to inhibit the attachment and penetration of EV71 and was more effective at inhibiting attachment. The assay additionally verified that SCA suppressed the replication of viral genomic RNA and indicated that SCA may inhibit EV71 infection in vitro.