Sp1-Induced lncRNA Rmrp Promotes Mesangial Cell Proliferation and Fibrosis in Diabetic Nephropathy by Modulating the miR-1a-3p/JunD Pathway.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulators in DN progression. However, the regulatory mechanisms of multiple lncRNAs in DN remain to be determined. Our aim was to investigate the function and molecular mechanism of lncRNA RNA component of mitochondrial RNAase P (Rmrp) in DN. Here, we observed that the expression of Rmrp was up-regulated in the kidney of db/db DN mice and high glucose induced glomerular mesangial cells (MC). More importantly, the abnormal transcription of Rmrp was induced by nuclear transcription factor Sp1, which promotes the proliferation and production of fibrotic markers in MC. Subsequently, we screened the miRNAs related to Rmrp and found that Rmrp and miR-1a-3p are co-localized at the subcellular level of MC, and Rmrp could directly binds to miR-1a-3p. Further mechanism research demonstrated that the elevated miR-1a-3p significantly attenuated the proliferation and fibrosis-promoting effects induced by up-regulation of Rmrp. At the same time, we also investigated that miR-1a-3p can directly bind to Jun D proto-oncogene (JunD), thereby regulating the protein level of JunD. Rmrp-induced proliferation and fibrogenesis were reversed by co-transfection with JunD siRNA. In summary, Sp1 induced lncRNA Rmrp could drive the expression of JunD via sponging miR-1a-3p in DN progression.

The mechanisms of interest and perseverance in predicting achievement among academically resilient and non-resilient students: Evidence from Swedish longitudinal data.

BACKGROUND: Students with low socio-economic status (SES) are typically depicted as low performers and more likely to fail in school. However, a group of students, despite their background, manage to succeed in school. The capacity to overcome adversities and achieve successful educational outcomes is referred to as Academic Resilience. Research on the relationship between personality traits and academic performance shows that conscientiousness is a crucial factor in predicting academic success and resilience. However, it has also been shown that achievement is a result of an interaction between conscientiousness and students' interest in the subject. AIMS: The study aims to investigate how students' school-related perseverance and interest predict academic achievement among resilient and non-resilient pupils over time in the Swedish compulsory school setting. SAMPLE: Study subjects were a subset (N = 1,665) of the sampled compulsory school students from the 1992 birth cohort in the evaluation through follow-up (ETF) database. METHODS: Multigroup structural equation modelling (SEM) with latent variable interaction was used. Measurement invariance was tested to examine the comparability of the constructs across groups. RESULTS: The results suggest that resilient students rely heavily on both perseverance of effort and interest in school subjects to succeed in their education. For the non-resilient group, the later perseverance level was conditioned on the level of the interest, and neither their early nor later grade interest was related to their achievement. CONCLUSIONS: The academically resilient students displayed more consistency in interest and perseverance over time, which might explain their relative success compared to the non-resilient group.

RNA-Seq analysis reveals critical transcriptome changes caused by sodium butyrate in DN mouse models.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN)-a common complication of diabetes-is the primary cause of end-stage renal disease. Sodium butyrate (NaB) is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) that is a metabolic product of intestinal bacterium, and its protective effect on the kidney has been reported in cases of DN. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of NaB on globe transcriptome changes in DN. In our study, 8-week-old male db/db mice suffering from DN were randomly divided into two groups: the DN+NaB group (DN mice treated with NaB, 5 g/kg/day) and the DN group (DN mice treated with saline). Further, normal db/m mice were used as the normal control (NC) group. The blood glucose, body weight, urinary microalbumin and urinary creatinine of mice were measured for all three groups. Whole-transcriptome analysis was performed by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to evaluate the profiling of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the potential NaB-related lncRNAs and genes in DN. The expressions of lncRNAs and mRNAs were tested using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCRs) in renal tissues and mesangial cells treated with NaB. The results of the present study demonstrated that NaB ameliorated renal dysfunction in DN mice. Moreover, RNA-Seq results identified that some lncRNAs and mRNAs were reversely changed in the DN+NaB group in comparison to those in the DN group. Additionally, the integrated co-expression networks of NaB-related lncRNAs revealed that these lncRNAs interacted with 155 key mRNAs. Furthermore, the co-expression network of inflammation-related lncRNAs and mRNAs demonstrated that those reversed lncRNAs and mRNAs also play essential roles in the inflammatory response. In summary, the present study suggests that NaB ameliorates diabetes-induced renal dysfunction and regulates transcriptome changes in DN.

The effect of adsorption and grafting on the acidity of [(HSO3)C3C1im]+[Cl]- on the surface of (SiO2)4O2H4 clusters.

Both adsorption and graft of active components on the surface of the silica are paramount methods for preparing heterogeneous catalysts. In this paper, the acidity of [(HSO3)C3C1im]+[Cl]- adsorbed and grafted on the surface of silica clusters was calculated at the level of B3LYP-d3/6-311++g(d, p). The results showed that both methods can enhance the acidity of the ionic liquids (ILs). The hydroxyl group on the carrier surface can increase the acidity, and moreover the acidity increases with the number of hydroxyl group. Besides, geometric parameters, ESP, topology and NBO analysis proved that the ILs acidity on the hydroxyl-free surface was mainly influenced by the interaction between -SO3 group and cluster surface. And yet the ILs acidity on the hydroxylated surface changes followed with the moderate strength hydrogen bond between the ILs and cluster surface.