Severe disseminated Nocardia brasiliensis pneumonia with normal immune function: A case report.

RATIONALE: Members of the genus Nocardia brasiliensis are Gram-positive, aerobic bacteria and exist ubiquitously in most environments. In recent years, the incidence of Nocardia brasiliensis has increased significantly and become a global concern. It may be predominantly caused pulmonary infections in immunocompromised hosts. Interestingly, however, we found that it can be present not only on immunocompromised hosts, but also to infect patients with a normal immune system. PATIENT CONCERNS: We report a very rare case of a 49-year-old immunocompetent man with disseminated Nocardia brasensis pneumonia. He had a fever for 14 days (maximum temperature about 38°C) and a history of mass rupture. DIAGNOSES: Severe Disseminated Nocardia brasiliensis pneumonia with normal immune function. INTERVENTIONS: No. OUTCOMES: The patient was finally diagnosed with Severe Disseminated Nocardia brasiliensis pneumonia and received compound sulfamethoxazole treatment for 4 months. LESSONS SUBSECTIONS: Our report highlights when cold pus appears in soft tissues such as the lower limbs, neck, nose, scalp, etc, should prompt timely evaluation and biopsy for definitive diagnosis. Be alert to a normally immunocompetent, disseminated Nocardia brasiliensis infection. Early recognition and effective treatment are necessary conditions for successful results. This would allow for better disease prognostication while enabling physicians to develop more effective treatment strategies.

Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome sequence of a dog lineage rabies virus detected from cattle in eastern China, 2019.

Rabies is an important zoonosis worldwide, and this disease is caused by the rabies virus. Dogs and bat are the major hosts of rabies virus; however, many animals could infect with the rabies virus. By biting or scratching by an infected animal, rabies virus can be transmitted to cattle which is an important domestic animal in animal husbandry. Here, we report a case about a rabies virus (abbreviated JSTZ190314) found in cattle in eastern China in 2019. Our findings suggest that this rabies virus JSTZ190314 was a dog-origin rabies virus and belonged to the Asia clade. Furthermore, we found that this JSTZ190314-like rabies virus has been prevalent in China for more than 13 years and infected six species of animals. Our findings suggested that enhanced surveillance and research of rabies virus infection in bovine populations is needed.