Fraxetin Targeting to Sortase A Decreases the Pathogenicity of Streptococcus agalactiae to Nile Tilapia.

Sortase A (SrtA) is responsible for anchoring surface proteins to the cell wall, and has been identified as a promising target developing anti-infective drugs of Gram-positive bacteria. The aim of the study was to identify inhibitors of Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) SrtA from natural compounds to overcome the spread of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture. Here, we found that the MIC of fraxetin against S. agalactiae was higher than 256 µg/mL, indicating that fraxetin had no anti- S. agalactiae activity. But fraxetin could dose-dependently decrease the activity of SrtA in vitro at concentrations ranging between 4-32 µg/mL by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay. Moreover, the inhibition of SrtA by fraxetin decreased the anchoring of surface proteins with the LPXTG motif to the cell wall by detecting the immunofluorescence change of serine-rich repeat protein 1 (Srr1) on the bacterial cell surface. The results of fibronectin binding and cell adhesion assays indicated that fraxetin could significantly decrease the adhesion ability of S. agalactiae in a dose-dependent manner. The results were further proven by immunofluorescence staining. Animal challenge results showed that treatment with fraxetin could reduce the mortality of tilapia infected with S. agalactiae to 46.67%, indicating that fraxetin could provide a significant amount of protection to tilapia by inactivating SrtA. Taken together, these findings provided a novel inhibitor of S. agalactiae SrtA and a promising candidate for treating S. agalactiae infections in aquaculture.

Perinatal outcomes comparison between neuraxial and general anesthesia in pregnant women with placenta accreta spectrum: a multicenter retrospective study.

PURPOSE: We investigated the impact of anesthesia mode on perinatal outcomes in patients with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) undergoing cesarean delivery and identified factors associated with adverse perinatal events. METHODS: The multicenter retrospective analysis was conducted in patients with PAS who delivered at three medical centers. Patients were classified according to whether they received general anesthesia (GA) or neuraxial anesthesia (NA). We compared the basic clinical characteristics of patients in the pre-propensity score matching (PSM) and post-PSM cohorts and identified factors associated with a high risk of adverse maternal outcomes. RESULTS: This study included a total of 425 patients, with 307 (72.2%) in the GA group and 118 (27.8%) in the NA group. After PSM, 162 patients were identified for analysis. In the post-matched cohort, the NA group exhibited shorter total operation time (P = 0.030) and postoperative length of hospital stay (P = 0.037). Additionally, the NA group experienced lower intraoperative blood loss (P < 0.001) and received fewer units of transfused packed red blood cells (PRBC) (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that GA (P < 0.001), emergency cesarean delivery (P = 0.010), vascular lacunae within the placenta (P < 0.001), hypervascularity of uterine-placental margin (P = 0.002), hypervascularity of the cervix (P = 0.014), and balloon placement in the abdominal aorta (P < 0.001) were associated with a high risk of adverse maternal events. CONCLUSION: In comparison to GA, cesarean delivery with NA in PAS patients appears to be associated with reduced intraoperative blood loss, PRBC transfusion, operating duration, and postoperative hospital stay.

Advances in psoriasis and gut microorganisms with co-metabolites.

This review summarizes the potential role of gut microbes and their metabolites as novel mediators of psoriasis, including their composition and function in disease pathogenesis, progression, and management. Gut microbiota network analysis, colony construction, and in vivo large-scale interaction experiments showed that different degrees of damage and repair in psoriasis, both in animals and humans, involve cross-border homeostasis of the microbial community. Which gut microbiota interactions are present in psoriasis and how they collaborate with immune cells and influence psoriasis development via the gut-skin axis remain incompletely elucidated. In this article, we review the latest information on the unique patterns of gut microbiota and co-metabolites involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and attempt to explore microbial-based therapeutic targets derived from mono-and polymicrobial probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, pharmacomicrobiomics, and dietary interventions as diagnostic or therapeutic approaches promising to provide new options and long-term management for psoriasis.

Neem oil against Aeromonas hydrophila infection by disrupting quorum sensing and biofilm formation.

Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause a number of infectious diseases in fish and is widely distributed in aquatic environments. Antibiotics are the main approach against A. hydrophila infections, while the emergence of resistant bacteria limits the application of antibiotics. Here, quorum-sensing (QS) was defined as the target and the inhibitory effects of neem oil against QS of A. hydrophila was studied. The results showed that neem oil could dose-dependently reduce aerolysin, protease, lipase, acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), biofilm and swarming motility at sub-inhibitory concentrations. Results of real-time PCR demonstrated that neem oil could down-regulate the transcription of aerA, ahyI and ahyR. Moreover, neem oil showed significant protections to A549 cells and a fish infection model. Taken together, these results indicated that neem oil could be chosen as a promising candidate for the treatment of A. hydrophila infections.

Iridium(III) complex induces apoptosis in HeLa cells by regulating mitochondrial and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways: In vitro and in vivo experiments.

Cyclometalated iridium complexes with mitochondrial targeting show great potential as substitutes for platinum-based complexes because of their strong anti-cancer properties. Three novel cyclometalated iridium(III) compounds were synthesized and evaluated in five different cell lines as part of the ongoing systematic investigations of these compounds. The complexes were prepared using 4,7-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline ligands. The cytotoxicity of complexes Ir1-Ir3 towards HeLa cells was shown to be high, with IC50 values of 0.83±0.06, 4.73±0.11, and 4.95±0.62 µM, respectively. Complex Ir1 could be ingested by HeLa cells in 3 h and has shown high selectivity toward mitochondria. Subsequent investigations demonstrated that Ir1 triggered apoptosis in HeLa cells by augmenting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential, and depleting ATP levels. Furthermore, the movement of cells was significantly suppressed and the progression of the cell cycle was arrested in the G0/G1 phase following the administration of Ir1. The Western blot analysis demonstrated that the induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells by Ir1 involves the activation of the mitochondria-dependent channel and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. No significant cytotoxicity was observed in zebrafish embryos at concentrations less than or equal to 16 µM, e.g., survival rate and developmental abnormalities. In vivo, antitumor assay demonstrated that Ir1 suppressed tumor growth in mice. Therefore, our work shows that complex Ir1 could be a promising candidate for developing novel antitumor drugs.

Development and validation of a nomogram model for central venous access device-related thrombosis in hospitalized children.

This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram model of central venous access device-related thrombosis (CRT) for hospitalized children. A total of 503 consecutive cases from a hospital in Changsha City, Hunan Province were stochastically classified into the training set and internal validation set at a ratio of 7:3, and 85 consecutive cases in two hospitals in Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were collected as an external validation set. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis on CRT-related risk factors of hospitalized children were conducted, a logistic regression model was employed to establish the nomogram, and the discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis was performed to assess the proposed nomogram model. The nomogram model involved seven independent risk factors, including blind catheterization, abnormal liver function, central line-associated bloodstream infection, infection, number of catheter lines, leukemia, and bed rest > 72 h. The discrimination results showed that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the training set, internal validation set, and external validation set was 0.74, 0.71, and 0.76 respectively, and the accuracy rates of the proposed nomogram model were 79%, 72%, and 71% in the training set, internal validation set, and external validation set. The calibration results also showed that the calibration curve had great fitness for each dataset. More importantly, the decision curve suggested that the proposed nomogram model had a prominent clinical significance. CONCLUSION: The nomogram model can be used as a risk assessment tool to reduce the missed diagnosis rate and the incidence of CRT in hospitalized children. WHAT IS KNOWN: • Central venous access device-related thrombosis is generally asymptomatic for hospitalized children, causing the missed diagnosis of central venous access device-related thrombosis easily. • No risk prediction nomogram model for central venous access device-related thrombosis in hospitalized children has been established. WHAT IS NEW: • A visual and personalized nomogram model was built by seven accessible variables (blind catheterization, abnormal liver function, central line-associated bloodstream infection, infection, number of catheter lines, leukemia, and bed rest > 72 h). • The model can effectively predict the risk of central venous access device-related thrombosis for hospitalized children.

Effect of Copper Sulphate Exposure on the Oxidative Stress, Gill Transcriptome and External Microbiota of Yellow Catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco.

This study aimed to investigate the potential adverse effects of the practical application of copper sulfate on yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and to provide insights into the gill toxicity induced by copper sulphate. Yellow catfish were exposed to a conventional anthelmintic concentration of copper sulphate (0.7 mg/L) for seven days. Oxidative stress biomarkers, transcriptome, and external microbiota of gills were examined using enzymatic assays, RNA-sequencing, and 16S rDNA analysis, respectively. Copper sulphate exposure led to oxidative stress and immunosuppression in the gills, with increased levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and altered expression of immune-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), such as IL-1ß, IL4Rα, and CCL24. Key pathways involved in the response included cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. The 16S rDNA analysis revealed copper sulphate altered the diversity and composition of gill microbiota, as evidenced by a significant decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidotas and Bdellovibrionota and a significant increase in the abundance of Proteobacteria. Notably, a substantial 8.5-fold increase in the abundance of Plesiomonas was also observed at the genus level. Our findings demonstrated that copper sulphate induced oxidative stress, immunosuppression, and gill microflora dysbiosis in yellow catfish. These findings highlight the need for sustainable management practices and alternative therapeutic strategies in the aquaculture industry to mitigate the adverse effects of copper sulphate on fish and other aquatic organisms.

An improved withdrawal interval calculation and risk assessment of doxycycline in crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in the natural cultured environment.

Doxycycline is an important medicine in aquaculture for treating fish diseases. However, its excess use causes residue exceeding to threaten human health. So, this study aimed to estimate a reliable withdrawal time (WT) of doxycycline (DC) in crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) based on statistical approaches and conduct a risk assessment for human health in the natural environment. Samples were collected at predetermined time points and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. A novel statistical method was used to process the data of residue concentration. The homogeneity and linearity of the regressed line of data were evaluated by Bartlett's, Cochran's, and F tests. Outliers were excluded by establishing the standardized residual versus their cumulative frequency distribution on a normal probability scale. The calculated WT was 43 days in muscle of crayfish based on China and European stipulations. After 43 days, estimated daily intakes of DC were ranged from 0.022 to 0.052 µg/kg/d. Hazard Quotients were ranged from 0.007 to 0.014, which were far less than 1. These results indicated that established WT could avoid health risks for humans resulting from DC's residue in crayfish.

Low awareness of venous thromboembolism among neurosurgical hospitalized patients: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) including Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE), is a serious cause of patient morbidity and mortality in hospitals. Neurosurgical hospitalized patients have higher rates of immobility and bed rest, thus increasing their risk of developing VTE. This highlights the need for their thromboprophylaxis regimens. Patients' awareness of VTE is essential for promoting strategies such as early ambulation and encouraging self-assessment and self-reporting of VTE signs and symptoms. This study evaluated neurosurgical hospitalized patients' awareness of VTE and explored the influencing factors to provide a theoretical basis for nursing intervention. METHODS: We selected one tertiary level hospital in Hunan Province and randomly sampled eligible patients from each five neurosurgical units. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of the hospitalized patients of neurosurgery using the self-designed and validated VTE knowledge questionnaire, and the influencing factors were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. RESULTS: A total of 386 neurosurgical hospitalized patients completed the survey. The score of VTE knowledge in neurosurgical hospitalized patients was 13.22 (SD = 11.52). 36.0% and 21.2% of participants reported they had heard of DVT and PE, respectively. 38.9% of participants were unable to correctly identify any symptoms of VTE. The most frequently identified risk factor was 'immobility or bed rest for more than three days' (50.0% of participants), and 38.1% of patients agreed that PE could cause death. 29.5% of participants were unable to identify any prophylactic measures of VTE. The results of Negative Binomial Regression showed that the influencing factors of VTE knowledge in neurosurgical hospitalized patients were education level (P < 0.004) and sources of information related to VTE, including nurses (95% CI = 2.201-4.374, P < 0.001), and family member/friend (95% CI = 2.038-4.331, P < 0.001), Internet/TV (95% CI = 1.382-2.834, P < 0.001). Other sources included patient /pamphlet/poster /professional books (95% CI = 1.492-3.350, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the lack of awareness of VTE among neurosurgical hospitalized patients. More attention must be paid to carrying out training on VTE knowledge according to different characteristics of neurosurgical hospitalized patients, so as to ensure safe and high-quality patient care.

The plasma and tissue kinetics of sulfadiazine and its metabolite in Ictalurus punctatus after oral gavage at two temperatures.

A plasma and tissue kinetic study of sulfadiazine (SDZ) and its metabolite, N4 -acetyl sulfadiazine (ACT-SDZ), was characterized in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) following a single oral dose of 50 mg/kg at 18 and 24°C. Samples were collected at predetermined time points and determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. The classical one-compartmental method was used to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters. Results showed that the changing of temperature was markedly influential on the kinetics of SDZ and ACT-SDZ in plasma and tissues. When the temperature was increased from 18 to 24°C, the elimination half-life (K10_HF) of SDZ was decreased in gill, kidney, and muscle + skin, but increased in liver and plasma. The K10_HF of ACT-SDZ also had a decreased trend in gill, liver, and plasma but had comparable values in kidney and muscle + skin. The absorption half-life (K01_HF), time to peak concentration (Tmax ), and area under concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞ ) of SDZ and ACT-SDZ all exhibited declined tendencies in plasma and tissues. The apparent volume of distribution (V_F) of SDZ in plasma was increased from 0.53 to 1.48 L/kg, and the apparent systemic total body clearance (Cl_F) was increased from 0.028 to 0.060 L/h/kg. In a word, K01_HF, Tmax , and AUC0-∞ of SDZ and ACT-SDZ were decreased in plasma and tissues with the increase of temperature, whereas the V_F and Cl_F of SDZ were increased. Meanwhile, we calculated the percentage of time profile of SDZ concentration more than minimum inhibitory concentration to total time (%T > MIC) to guide clinical usage of SDZ. When the dosage interval was 24 h, the values of %T > MIC were all >90% in plasma and most tissues. Therefore, we recommend an oral dose of SDZ at 50 mg/kg once per 24 h at 18-24°C against the fish pathogens with an MIC value of ≤6.4 µg/mL.

Plasma and tissue kinetics of enrofloxacin and its metabolite, ciprofloxacin, in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) after a single oral administration at different temperatures.

The objective of this study was to examine the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of enrofloxacin (EF) and its metabolite, ciprofloxacin (CF), in yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) after a single oral dose of EF at 20 mg/kg at 20, 25, and 30 °C. Samples were collected at pre-designed time points and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescent detector. Results showed that most concentrations of EF and CF in plasma and tissues at the same time point at different temperatures were statistically significant. With the increase in temperature, the terminal half-life (T1/2λz) of EF and CF was first reduced from 20 to 25 °C but elevated from 25 to 30 °C in plasma, muscle + skin, gill, liver, and kidney, respectively. The area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUClast) of EF were all decreased in plasma, muscle + skin, and gill except for that of EF in the liver and kidney. However, the AUClast and the apparent metabolic rate of CF were exhibited first elevated and then decreased trend. The apparent volume of distribution (Vz_F) of EF was first reduced from 20 to 25 °C but increased at 30 °C. The apparent total body clearance (CL_F) of EF was increased from 0.15 to 0.32 L/h·kg with the temperature elevation. These indicated that increased temperature markedly affected the PKs of EF and CF in yellow catfish. Through in-depth analysis, the EF dosage of 20 mg/kg is appropriate to use in yellow catfish at 20 and 25 °C but 30 °C.

Immunohistochemical evaluation and prognostic value of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and 4 (MCT4) in T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Tumor cells often exhibit the Warburg effect, wherein, they preferentially undergo glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation for energy production. Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and 4 (MCT4) are critical symporters mediating lactate efflux and preventing intracellular acidification during tumor growth. Numerous studies have focused on inhibiting MCT1 or MCT4 in various cancers. However, its role in T-cell lymphoma (TCL) is not yet investigated owing to the low incidence of TCL. This study was designed to investigate the expression of MCT1/MCT4 in patients with TCL and determine their prognostic value in this cancer. We performed immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression level of MCT1/MCT4 in 38 TCL tissue samples and then compared their expression among different TCL subgroups, which were formed based on different clinical characteristics. Survival analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between MCT1/MCT4 expression and both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Our results revealed that MCT1 and MCT4 expression was significantly increased in TCL tissues compared to the control group. In addition, increased MCT1 expression associated with the female sex, advanced disease stage, increased serum LDH, Ki-67 at ≥ 50%, and intermediate or high-risk groups as categorized by the International Prognostic Index (IPI) score. We also found that increased MCT1 expression may be associated with reduced OS and PFS. In conclusion, MCT1 and MCT4 are overexpressed in patients with TCL and may predict poor prognosis. MCT1 inhibition might be a novel treatment strategy for TCL, and further preclinical trials are required.

Dexamethasone-Loaded Injectable In-situ Thermal Crosslinking Magnetic Responsive Hydrogel for the Physiochemical Stimulation of Acupoint to Suppress Pain in Sciatica Rats.

The physicochemical stimulation of acupoints is a widespread treatment strategy for different diseases, such as sciatica. Its efficacy is mainly based on the temporal and spatial modulation of the physicochemical properties of the acupoints. The existing therapies based on the stimulation of acupoints have certain disadvantages. Therefore, in this study, injectable dexamethasone (DXM)- and magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles-loaded chitosan/ß-glycerophosphate (CS/GP) thermal crosslinking hydrogels were prepared, thereby improving the performance of embedding materials. The sciatica rat models were established to compare the therapeutic effects of hydrogels and catgut. The DXM or Fe3O4-loaded CS/GP hydrogels were compared in terms of their gelation kinetics, release kinetics, magnetic responsiveness in-vitro, and biocompatibility as well as their analgesic effects on the chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI) rats in-vivo. The CS/GP/Fe3O4/DXM hydrogel showed comparable gelation kinetics and good magnetic responsiveness in-vitro. This hydrogel could relieve sciatica by reducing the expression levels of inflammatory factors in serum, inhibiting the p38MAPK (p38, mitogen-activated protein kinase) phosphorylation, and decreasing the expression level of the P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) in the spinal dorsal horn. In conclusion, the DXM or Fe3O4-loaded CS/GP hydrogels can be considered as a treatment option for the physiochemical stimulation therapy of acupoints to improve sciatica.

Inhibitory Effect of Polydatin Against Aeromonas hydrophila Infections by Reducing Aerolysin Production.

The fast-growing demand for aquatic products has led to the rapid development of aquaculture. However, diseases caused by bacterial pathogens result in severe economic losses all over the world. Although the introduction of antibiotics to aquaculture decreased the mortality of infectious diseases, the emergence of antibiotic resistance caused treatment failure. Therefore, drugs with novel strategies are needed for combatting infections caused by resistant bacterial strains. In the present study, aerolysin was identified as a target for developing drugs from natural compounds against Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) infections. We found that polydatin without an inhibitory effect against A. hydrophila growth could decrease the hemolysis mediated by aerolysin. In both western blot and qPCR assays, the addition of polydatin decreased the production of aerolysin by downregulating the aerolysin encoding gene. Moreover, cell viability and animal studies found that polydatin could reduce the pathogenesis of A. hydrophila both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these findings provided a novel approach and candidate for treating resistant A. hydrophila infections in aquaculture.

Dual-vessel intervention treatment for massive hemoptysis caused by lung cavitary lesions.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome of dual-vessel intervention (DVI), including bronchial or pulmonary arterial embolization (B/PAE), in managing massive hemoptysis caused by cavitary lung lesions (with or without aspergilloma) and identify cavitary angiographic features influencing DVI procedures. METHOD: A retrospective analysis of the medical records and angiograms of 15 patients who underwent DVI for massive hemoptysis was performed. RESULTS: The most frequent causes of cavitary lung lesions were tuberculosis (TB) (8/15, 53%) and bronchiectasis (6/15, 40%). Eight patients were diagnosed with aspergilloma (8/15, 53%). In all, 24 systemic arteries, including the orthotopic and ectopic bronchial arteries and 1 pulmonary artery branch, were embolized in 16 procedures. Clinical success and immediate cessation of hemoptysis were achieved in 12 patients (80%). Hemoptysis was controlled in 10 patients (67%) and recurred in 2 patients (17%), while 1 patient (7%) required repeat embolization. The bronchopulmonary fistula (shunting) rate was 73.3% (11/15). The average fistula emergence time was 1.28 ± 1.27 s (M ± SD), and the average vessel diameter was 3.974 ± 1.57 mm. There were no significant differences in angiographic features, clinical success, or recurrence of cavitary lesions with or without aspergilloma. The complication rates were low, with only transient chest pain and ventricular arrhythmia reported. CONCLUSIONS: BAE is an effective and safe procedure for most cavitary lesions causing massive hemoptysis, and DVI is needed under certain circumstances. High bronchopulmonary fistula rates and early fistula emergence times were observed for cavitary lesions. The DVI strategy depends on the culprit vessel diameter, fistula type, and fistula emergence time.

Anthelmintic Efficacy of Palmarosa Oil and Curcuma Oil against the Fish Ectoparasite Gyrodactylus kobayashii (monogenean).

Monogeneans are a serious threat to the development of aquaculture due to the severe economic losses they cause. The prevention and treatment of this disease are increasingly difficult because of the environmental and health concerns caused by the use of chemical anthelmintics and the emergence of drug resistance. It is thus necessary to search for effective alternatives for the treatment of monogenean infections. In the current study, anthelmintic efficacy of 16 selected essential oils (EOs) was investigated using the goldfish (Carassius auratus)-Gyrodactylus kobayashii model. The screening experiment indicated that palmarosa oil and curcuma oil had satisfactory anthelmintic activity against G. kobayashii with EC100 values of 10 and 12 mg/L after 24-h exposure, respectively. The in vivo and in vitro assays indicated anthelmintic efficacy of palmarosa oil against G. kobayashii was in a time and dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, curcuma oil showed an anesthetic effect on G. kobayashii, and its anthelmintic activity was dose-dependent rather than time-dependent in the concentration range tested in this study. Additionally, the 24-h LC50 (50% lethal concentration) against goldfish of these two EOs was 8.19-fold and 5.54-fold higher than their corresponding EC50 (50% effective concentration) against G. kobayashii, respectively. Moreover, exposure to these two EOs at 100% effective concentration against G. kobayashii had no serious physiological and histopathological influence on goldfish. These results demonstrated a high safety for goldfish of these two EOs. Overall, palmarosa oil and curcuma oil could be potential candidates for the treatment of G. kobayashii infections in aquaculture.

Residue, biotransformation, risk assessment and withdrawal time of enrofloxacin in red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii).

Crayfish is a very popular aquatic food in many countries, and enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) was the most frequently detected in aquatic products. However, limited information is available on the residue characterization, biotransformation rate and withdrawal period (WT) of ENR and CIP in crayfish and health risk via consumption of ENR and CIP remained crayfish. Herein, a comprehensive investigation was conducted to study residue depletion, biotransformation, ingestion risk, and WT of ENR and its predominate metabolite CIP in crayfish following different routes with repeated doses. The results showed that the elimination half-life (T1/2) of target compounds in crayfish were all in order of hepatopancreas > muscle > gill, and the order of T1/2 in different crayfish tissues were intramuscular (IM) route > oral (PO) treatment > immersion (IMMR) administration. The biotransformation rates from ENR to CIP varied from 0.75% to 3.45% in crayfish tissues following different exposure routes. The high dietary risk (RQ > 1) consuming muscle and hepatopancreas of ENR and CIP remained crayfish occurred at early after different administrations. WT is the key to control the drug residue risk, and the longest WT of marker residue of ENR in crayfish was calculated to be 51 d (1275 °C-day).

Elimination of Pendimethalin in Integrated Rice and Procambarus clarkii Breeding Models and Dietary Risk Assessments.

This study investigated elimination of the herbicide pendimethalin using an integrated rice and Procambarus clarkii breeding model of indoor and outdoor (pond culture) exposure tests. The pendimethalin levels in 484 samples from the primary rice and P. clarkii integrated breeding areas in Hubei province were monitored, and dietary risk assessments of pendimethalin were calculated. Pendimethalin was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and detection levels were linear in the range of 1.0 to 10.0 µg/L, and peak areas were positively correlated with concentration, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996. Recoveries ranged from 86.9 to 103.5%, and the limit of quantitation was 2.5 × 10-4 µg/L in water, and 1 × 10-2 µg/kg in tissues, sediments, and waterweeds. The dissipation rate of pendimethalin in tissues and water followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives of 0.51-5.64 d. In 484 samples taken from aquaculture farms, pendimethalin was detected in 8.67% of the samples at levels in the range of 1.95 to 8.26 µg/kg in Hubei province from 2018 to 2020. The maximum residue limit of pendimethalin in P. clarkii has not been established in China, but our dietary risk assessments indicated that consumption of P. clarkii from integrated rice farms was acceptable.

Comparative Efficacy of Water and Conventional Delivery during Labour: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

In many maternal settings, water delivery is widely available for women who do not have an increased risk of complications during childbirth. Soaking in water during labor has been associated with a number of maternal benefits. However, the situation of water birth is not well known, there is lack of hard evidence on safety, and little is known about the characteristics of women who give birth in water. In this paper, we have explored the effects of water delivery compared to the conventional delivery on the health of mothers and babies. For this purpose, clinical trials were conducted including women in labor, in which participants were treated with water labor or conventional labor, respectively, in the experimental and control group. In this analysis, we have selected 17 eligible studies which included 175654 participants. Compared to the conventional birth group, the risk of Apgar score <7 at 5 min of age in the water birth group dropped by 28% (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.52-1.00, I 2 = 25%, P=0.05). Also, the duration of labor was shorter the in water birth group whatever the labor stage was. The patients who underwent water birth showed an obviously lower rate of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.39-0.86, I 2 = 53%, P=0.007). In this meta-analysis, it was seen that water delivery has clinical significance in alleviating the pain of mothers, promoting the safety of mothers and infants, and reducing postpartum complications.