RESUMO
The application of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) for disorders of consciousness (DoC) has been increasingly reported. However, there is no sufficient evidence to determine how effective and safe SCS and DBS are for DoC owing to various methodological limitations. We conducted a systematic review to elucidate the safety and efficacy of SCS and DBS for DoC by systematically reviewing related literature by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and Cochrane Library. Twenty eligible studies with 608 patients were included in this study. Ten studies with 508 patients reported the efficacy of SCS for DoC, and the estimated overall effectiveness rate was 37%. Five studies with 343 patients reported the efficacy of SCS for VS, and the estimated effectiveness rate was 30%. Three studies with 53 patients reported the efficacy of SCS for MCS, and the estimated effectiveness rate was 63%. Five studies with 92 patients reported the efficacy of DBS for DoC, and the estimated overall effectiveness rate was 40%. Four studies with 63 patients reported the efficacy of DBS for VS, and the estimated effectiveness rate was 26%. Three studies with 19 patients reported the efficacy of DBS for MCS, and the estimated effectiveness rate was 74%. The adverse event rate of DoC was 8.1% and 18.2% after SCS and DBS, respectively. These results suggest that SCS and DBS can be considered reasonable treatments for DoC with considerable efficacy and safety.
Assuntos
Estimulação Encefálica Profunda , Estimulação da Medula Espinal , Humanos , Estimulação da Medula Espinal/métodos , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda/métodos , Transtornos da Consciência/terapiaRESUMO
In the title salt, [K(2)(C(6)H(4)O(8)S(2))(H(2)O)](n), both K(+) ions exhibit a seven-coordination with K-O bond lengths in the range 2.6600â (14) to 3.0522â (16)â Å. One K(+) ion is coordinated by seven O atoms from the sulfonate and phenolic hy-droxy groups of six 4,6-dihy-droxy-benzene-1,3-disulfonate (L(2-)) anions while the other K(+) ion is coordinated by six O atoms from the sulfonate and phenolic hy-droxy groups of five L(2-) anions and one water O atom. The L(2-) anion exhibits chelating-bridging multidentate coordination to potassium, resulting in the formation of a cross-linked three-dimensional network.
RESUMO
In the title compound, [Zn(CH(3)CN)(H(2)O)(5)](C(6)H(4)O(8)S(2))·3H(2)O, the Zn(II) ion lies on a mirror plane and is octa-hedrally coordinated by one acetonitrile ligand and five water mol-ecules. The 4,6-dihydroxy-benzene-1,3-disulfonate anion, acting as a counter-ion, is also located on the mirror plane. The crystal packing is stabilized by O-Hâ¯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional supra-molecular network.
RESUMO
IN THE TITLE COMPOUND [SYSTEMATIC NAME: 5-(5,7-dihydr-oxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-yl)-2-hydroxy-benzene-sulfonic acid dihydrate], C(15)H(10)O(8)S·2H(2)O, the benzopyran-one ring is not coplanar with the phenyl ring, the dihedral angle between them being 41.35â (3)°. No H atom was placed on the sulphonic acid group because it was not possible to distinguish between the two S=O bonds and the S-O bond. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by classical O-Hâ¯O and C-Hâ¯O intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds and aromatic π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance of 3.4523â (14)â Å between the 1, 4-pyran-one rings and the benzene rings, and 3.6337â (14)â Å between the benzene rings] into a supra-molecular structure.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To observe the specific antibody level and reduction of egg-laying induced by a recombinant Schistosoma japonicum 26 kDa GST antigen (rSjc26 GST) in water buffaloes. METHODS: 20 water buffaloes were randomly divided into two groups, the vaccination group and control group, with 10 buffaloes each. The subjects in vaccination group were immunized with rSjc26 GST antigen while the control received adjuvant only. After challenged with S. japonicum cercariae, the anti-rSjc26 GST antibody level and the numbers of eggs and miracidia in stool were detected. RESULTS: The anti-rSjc26 GST antibody appeared 1 month after immunization with rSjc26 GST antigen and maintained a high level for 12 months. Numbers of eggs (EPG) and miracidia (MPG) in vaccination group were significantly lower than those in control group during the period of day 50 to day 90 post-challenge. However, EPG and MPG tended to decrease starting from day 100 post challenge in both groups. The difference of EPG and MPG between the two groups diminished progressively, and both groups showed zero egg count from day 330 on post challenge. CONCLUSION: The specific anti-rSjc26 GST antibody was detected in vaccinated water buffaloes and maintained a high level for 12 months. The vaccination showed a significant effect to the reduction of ovulation in the first three months after S. japonicum cercariae challenge.
