Grid: A Python library for molecular integration, interpolation, differentiation, and more.

Grid is a free and open-source Python library for constructing numerical grids to integrate, interpolate, and differentiate functions (e.g., molecular properties), with a strong emphasis on facilitating these operations in computational chemistry and conceptual density functional theory. Although designed, maintained, and released as a stand-alone Python library, Grid was originally developed for molecular integration, interpolation, and solving the Poisson equation in the HORTON and ChemTools packages. Grid is designed to be easy to use, extend, and maintain; this is why we use Python and adopt many principles of modern software development, including comprehensive documentation, extensive testing, continuous integration/delivery protocols, and package management. We leverage popular scientific packages, such as NumPy and SciPy, to ensure high efficiency and optimized performance in grid development. This article is the official release note of the Grid library showcasing its unique functionality and scope.

Deciphering the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Wen-Jing-Zhi-Tong Decoction in Treating Primary Dysmenorrhea by UPLC-Q-ExactiveOrbitrap-MS/MS with GC-MS and Network Pharmacology.

BACKGROUND: Primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) is a prevalent menstrual disorder among women, often underreported and undertreated. Wen-Jing-Zhi-Tong Decoction (WJZTD), a patented Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) herbal decoction, has shown efficacy in treating PDM. However, the underlying therapeutic mechanism of WJZTD in PDM treatment remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to employ integrative pharmacology and experimental validation to investigate the potential therapeutic mechanisms of WJZTD in treating PDM. METHODS: The bioactive compounds of WJZTD were identified by UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap MS/MS and GC-MS. Putative targets of WJZTD were obtained from Swiss Target Prediction, STITCH, and BATMAN-TCM databases. Known targets of PDM were retrieved from Gene Cards and Drug Bank databases. Protein-to-protein interactions were constructed to screen key targets using the STRING database. Subsequently, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed based on Metascape. Finally, a PDM rat model was established to validate the potential therapeutic mechanisms of WJZTD using Western Blot, PCR, and ELISA. RESULTS: 390 bioactive compounds in WJZTD were identified through UPLC-Q-ExactiveOrbitrap MS/MS and GC-MS. Network pharmacology revealed 7 key compounds with 20 targets and pathways that are crucial for WJZTD in treating PDM. Behavioral tests confirmed that WJZTD can effectively ameliorate menstrual pain in PDM. WJZTD also inhibited prostaglandin production, thereby relieving uterine smooth muscle contraction. The downregulation of the BDNF/TrkB/ERK/CREB signaling pathway, identified as the key target and pathway through network pharmacology, may be crucial to the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of WJZTD in treating PDM. CONCLUSION: This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the key compounds, targets, and pathways of WJZTD, laying a solid foundation for future pharmacological studies on PDM. The anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect may be attributed to the downregulation of the BDNF/TrkB/ERK/CREB signaling pathway.

Snowflake Cu2S@ZIF-67: A novel heterostructure substrate for enhanced adsorption and sensitive detection in BPA.

Developing semiconductor substrates with superior stability and sensitivity is challenging in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) research. Here, a snowflake Cu2S@ZIF-67 heterostructure was fabricated using a straightforward method, exhibiting a notable enhancement factor of 9.0 × 109 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 10-14 M for methylene blue (MB). In addition, the Cu2S@ZIF-67 heterostructure substrate demonstrates outstanding homogeneity (relative standard deviation (RSD) = 9.2%) and stability (120 days). Employing Cu2S generates highly sensitive hotspots via an electromagnetic (EM) mechanism, and the growth of ZIF-67 on its surface augments the adsorption capacity and charge transfer capability (chemical mechanism, CM), thereby enhancing the SERS detection sensitivity. Furthermore, the Cu2S@ZIF-67 heterostructure, which was used as a SERS substrate, facilitated the detection of bisphenol A (BPA) with an LOD of 10-11 M. The Cu2S@ZIF-67 heterostructure substrate has excellent selectivity and anti-interference, which is very suitable for BPA detection in complex environment applications. The accuracy of the Cu2S@ZIF-67 heterostructure as a SERS substrate for detecting BPA in real water samples (water bottles, tap water, and pure milk) was confirmed by comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These results demonstrate that through the rational design of heterostructures can achieve the quantitative and accurate detection of hazardous substances in food and the environment can be achieved.

The tale of HORTON: Lessons learned in a decade of scientific software development.

HORTON is a free and open-source electronic-structure package written primarily in Python 3 with some underlying C++ components. While HORTON's development has been mainly directed by the research interests of its leading contributing groups, it is designed to be easily modified, extended, and used by other developers of quantum chemistry methods or post-processing techniques. Most importantly, HORTON adheres to modern principles of software development, including modularity, readability, flexibility, comprehensive documentation, automatic testing, version control, and quality-assurance protocols. This article explains how the principles and structure of HORTON have evolved since we started developing it more than a decade ago. We review the features and functionality of the latest HORTON release (version 2.3) and discuss how HORTON is evolving to support electronic structure theory research for the next decade.

Combination of venetoclax and azacitidine in relapsed/refractory acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia: a case series from a single center.

OBJECTIVES: Relapsed/refractory acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B-ALL) often responds poorly to induction chemotherapy. However, recent research has shown a novel and effective drug treatment for R/R B-ALL. METHODS: A total of eight patients with R/R B-ALL were enrolled in the study from November 2021 to August 2022. All patients received chemotherapy based on a combination regimen of venetoclax and azacitidine. The regimen was as follows venetoclax 100 mg d1, 200 mg d2, 400 mg d3-14, azacitidine 75 mg/m2 d1-7. RESULTS: Five of eight patients achieved very deep and complete remission (CR) with minimal residual disease (MRD) less than 0.1%. One patient achieved partial remission. Two patients did not achieve remission. There were no serious adverse events and all patients were well tolerated. Three patients were eligible for consolidation chemotherapy and were bridged to CAR-T therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The combined regimen of venetoclax and azacitidine may be beneficial for patients with R/R B-ALL.

A comprehensive performance evaluation, comparison, and integration of computational methods for detecting and estimating cross-contamination of human samples in cancer next-generation sequencing analysis.

Cross-sample contamination is one of the major issues in next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based molecular assays. This type of contamination, even at very low levels, can significantly impact the results of an analysis, especially in the detection of somatic alterations in tumor samples. Several contamination identification tools have been developed and implemented as a crucial quality-control step in the routine NGS bioinformatic pipeline. However, no study has been published to comprehensively and systematically investigate, evaluate, and compare these computational methods in the cancer NGS analysis. In this study, we comprehensively investigated nine state-of-the-art computational methods for detecting cross-sample contamination. To explore their application in cancer NGS analysis, we further compared the performance of five representative tools by qualitative and quantitative analyses using in silico and simulated experimental NGS data. The results showed that Conpair achieved the best performance for identifying contamination and predicting the level of contamination in solid tumors NGS analysis. Moreover, based on Conpair, we developed a Python script, Contamination Source Predictor (ConSPr), to identify the source of contamination. We anticipate that this comprehensive survey and the proposed tool for predicting the source of contamination will assist researchers in selecting appropriate cross-contamination detection tools in cancer NGS analysis and inspire the development of computational methods for detecting sample cross-contamination and identifying its source in the future.

Design superhydrophobic no-noble metal substrates for highly sensitive and signal stable SERS sensing.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique with a broad range of potential applications in fields such as biomedicine, electrochemistry, and hazardous chemicals. However, it is challenging to develop SERS substrates that are both good sensitive and signal stable. Here we designed a superhydrophobic Nd doped MoS2 uniformly assembled on the activated carbon fiber cloth (CFC) to avoid the coffee ring effect and enrich the analyte, improving the enhancement factor (EF) to 3.9 × 109 and pesticide endosulfan (<10-10) analyte detection. We demonstrate our strategy by density-functional theory (DFT) calculations confirming that both adsorption energy and density of states are enhanced after doping Nd leading to SERS enhancement. Beside DFT calculations, our experiments also provide an effective means to demonstrate that the high SERS sensitivity is based on multiple charge transfer processes combined with the activated carbon cloth. Our results address the limitations of low sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) of semiconductor SERS substrates for trace analysis and are a step towards practical applications.

Enhanced Charge Separation in Nanoporous BiVO4 by External Electron Transport Layer Boosts Solar Water Splitting.

The optimization of charge transport with electron-hole separation directed toward specific redox reactions is a crucial mission for artificial photosynthesis. Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4 , BVO) is a popular photoanode material for solar water splitting, but it faces tricky challenges in poor charge separation due to its modest charge transport properties. Here, a concept of the external electron transport layer (ETL) is first proposed and demonstrated its effectiveness in suppressing the charge recombination both in bulk and at surface. Specifically, a conformal carbon capsulation applied on BVO enables a remarkable increase in the charge separation efficiency, thanks to its critical roles in passivating surface charge-trapping sites and building external conductance channels. Through decorated with an oxygen evolution catalyst to accelerate surface charge transfer, the carbon-encased BVO (BVO@C) photoanode manifests durable water splitting over 120 h with a high current density of 5.9 mA cm-2 at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under 1 sun irradiation (100 mW cm-2 , AM 1.5 G), which is an activity-stability trade-off record for single BVO light absorber. This work opens up a new avenue to steer charge separation via external ETL for solar fuel conversion.

Maltitol-Derived Sacrificial Agent for Enhancing the Compatibility between PCE and Cement Paste.

At present, it is known that when there is clay in concrete, polycarboxylates (PCE) will preferably adsorb in the clay, so that PCE cannot be fully combined with cement particles, which reduces the workability of the cement slurry. In this paper, a new type of maltitol-ammonium salt cationic (KN-lm) sacrificial agent (SA) has been successfully developed via a simple method, which makes PCE easier to bond with cement particles in the cement slurry containing clay. The effect of KN-lm on the fluidity of clay-containing cement paste is studied, and the experimental results show that KN-lm, as an efficient SA of cement slurry, makes PCE more compatible with clay-containing cement slurry, and increases the initial fluidity of cement slurry by about 19%. Further investigations of TOC, XRD, and zeta potential measurements reveal that a KN-lm ion is only preferably adsorbed into clay compared to PCE through electrostatic adsorption but without having any crystal structure change, thus resulting in good dispersion of cement particles. The addition of KN-lm plays an important role in hindering the hydration expansion of the clay by preferential electrostatic adsorption, which means PCE cannot easily insert into the interlayer of the clay.

Facile Route to Achieve a Hierarchical CuO/Nickel-Cobalt-Sulfide Electrode for Energy Storage.

Herein, a novel self-supporting CuO/nickel-cobalt-sulfide (NCS) electrode was designed in a two-step electrodeposition technique followed by a calcination process. Three-dimensional copper foam (CF) was exploited as the current collector and spontaneous source for the in situ preparation of the CuO nanostructures, which ensured sufficient deposition space for the subsequent NCS layer, thus forming abundant electrochemical active sites. Such a hierarchical structure is conducive to providing a smooth path for promoting electronic transmission. Therefore, the optimized CuO/NCS electrode exhibits outstanding energy storage capability with extremely superior specific capacitance (Cs) of 7.08 F cm-2 at 4 mA cm-2 and coulombic efficiency of up to 94.83%, as well as excellent cycling stability with capacitance retention of 83.33% after 5000 cycles. The results presented in this work extend our horizons to fabricate novel hierarchical structured electrodes applied to energy storage devices.

Effect of Channel Shape on Performance of Printed Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide Thin-Film Transistors.

Printing technology will improve the complexity and material waste of traditional deposition and lithography processes in device fabrication. In particular, the printing process can effectively control the functional layer stacking and channel shape in thin-film transistor (TFT) devices. We prepared the patterning indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) semiconductor layer with Ga, In, and Zn molar ratios of 1:2:7 on Si/SiO2 substrates. And the patterning source and drain electrodes were printed on the surface of semiconductor layers to construct a TFT device with the top contact and bottom gate structures. To overcome the problem of uniform distribution of applied voltages between electrode centers and edges, we investigated whether the circular arc channel could improve the carrier regulation ability under the field effect in printed TFTs compared with a traditional structure of rectangular symmetry and a rectangular groove channel. The drain current value of the IGZO TFT with a circular arc channel pattern was significantly enhanced compared to that of a TFT with rectangular symmetric source/drain electrodes under the corresponding drain-source voltage and gate voltage. The field effect properties of the device were obviously improved by introducing the arc-shaped channel structure.

Ultralow ruthenium modification of cobalt metal-organic frameworks for enhanced efficient bifunctional water splitting.

Hydrogen economy has emerged as a promising alternative to the current hydrocarbon economy. It involves harvesting renewable energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen and then further utilising clean hydrogen fuel for various applications. The rational exploration of advanced non-precious metal bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is critical for efficient water splitting. Herein, an ultralow Ru-modified cobalt metal-organic framework (CoRu0.06-MOF/NF) two-dimensional nanosheet array bifunctional catalyst was fabricated through a strategy under mild experimental conditions. The obtained CoRu0.06-MOF/NF exhibited excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activity and stability in alkaline media, with low overpotentials of 37 and 181 mV and significant durability for more than 95 and 110 h toward the HER and OER at 10 mA cm-2, respectively. The experimental results showed that the two-dimensional nanoarray structure had a large specific surface area and abundant exposed active sites. Additionally, ultralow Ru modification optimized the electronic structure and improved the conductivity of the cobalt metal-organic frameworks, thereby reducing the energy barrier of the rate-limiting step and accelerating the water splitting reaction.

A method for high-precision measuring differential transformer asymmetry.

The differential transformer is an important component in the front-end electronics of high-precision capacitive position sensing circuits, which are widely employed in space inertial sensors and electrostatic accelerometers. The position sensing offset, one of the space inertial sensors' most critical error sources in the performance range, is dominated by the differential transformer asymmetry and requires a high-precision evaluation. This paper proposes a method to assess differential transformers' asymmetry and realize a prototype circuit to test a transformer sample. The results show that the asymmetry measurement precision can achieve 0.6 ppm for the transformer with an asymmetry level of about -278.2 ppm.

Naples score: a novel prognostic biomarker for breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Naples Score (NPS) is a novel prognostic indicator that has been used in various cancers, but its potential in breast malignant tumor patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has not been discovered. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between NPS and overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in breast cancer patients. METHODS: A total of 217 breast cancer patients undergoing NAC were incorporated into this retrospectively research. K-M survival curves and log-rank tests are used to determine OS and DFS. Cox regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between NPS and OS and DFS. Nomogram was developed based on the results of multivariate Cox regression analysis. Prognostic models were internally validated using bootstrapping and the consistency index (C-index). RESULTS: Age group was correlated with NPS (p < 0.05). Low and moderate Naples risk patients had higher 5-year OS and DFS rates than high risk Naples patients (93.8% vs. 75.4% vs. 60.0%; X2 = 9.2, P = 0.01; 82.4% vs 64.5% vs 43.7%; X2 = 7.4, P = 0.024; respectively). The nomogram based on demonstrated good performance in predicting OS and DFS (AUC = 0.728, 0.630; respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In breast cancer patients who have undergone NAC, NPS is a novel prognostic indicator. NPS combined with clinicopathological features showed good predictive ability, and its performance was better than that of traditional pathological TNM staging.

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate mediates neuronal injury by inducing neurotoxicity.

PURPOSE: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is an accepted treatment option for patients with virus infection. Mounting evidence indicated that persistent HAART treatment is implicated with increased morbidity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in patients. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), a novel nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), was used in patients with HIV co-infected with HBV. And it is still a vital first-line antiretroviral compounds in HAART. However, whether persistent treatment with TDF is involved in HAND development remains to be further elucidated. In this study, we aimed to discuss the neurotoxicity of TDF. METHODS: We used SH-SY5Y cells and primary neuronal cells to evaluate the neurotoxicity of TDF in vitro. The cytotoxicity of TDF on SH-SY5Y cells and primary neuronal cells was evaluated by the cell viability and LDH levels by MTT assay and LDH kit, respectively. Hoechst 33342 staining, TUNEL assay and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the cells apoptosis. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production were measured by commercial kits. In addition, the activation level of caspase-3 was evaluated using spectrophotometry and western blotting. RESULTS: Our results showed that TDF treatment significantly induced cell viability and induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells and primary neuronal cells. Furthermore, the ROS levels and MDA productions were significantly up-regulated in nerve cells treated with TDF.  CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that TDF may induce neuronal cell apoptosis through increasing the intracellular ROS and the expression level of caspase-3, which may be related to the increasing prevalence of HAND.

Efficient Photodegradation of Rhodamine B by Fiber-like Nitrogen-Doped TiO2/Ni(OH)2 Nanocomposite under Visible Light Irradiation.

N-TiO2/Ni(OH)2 nanofiber was successfully prepared by combining the electrospinning and solvothermal method. It has been found that under visible light irradiation, the as-obtained nanofiber exhibits excellent activity for the photodegradation of rhodamine B, and the average degradation rate reaches 3.1%/min-1. Further insight investigations reveal that such a high activity was mainly due to the heterostructure-induced increase in the charge transfer rate and separation efficiency.

Hierarchical Design of CuO/Nickel-Cobalt-Sulfide Electrode by a Facile Two-Step Potentiostatic Deposition.

Herein, a scalable electrodeposition strategy is proposed to achieve hierarchical CuO/nickel-cobalt-sulfide (NCS) electrodes using two-step potentiostatic deposition followed by high-temperature calcination. The introduction of CuO provides support for the further deposition of NSC to ensure a high load of active electrode materials, thus generating more abundant active electrochemical sites. Meanwhile, dense deposited NSC nanosheets are connected to each other to form many chambers. Such a hierarchical electrode prompts a smooth and orderly transmission channel for electron transport, and reserves space for possible volume expansion during the electrochemical test process. As a result, the CuO/NCS electrode exhibits superior specific capacitance (Cs) of 4.26 F cm-2 at 20 mA cm-2 and remarkable coulombic efficiency of 96.37%. Furthermore, the cycle stability of the CuO/NCS electrode remains at 83.05% within 5000 cycles. The multistep electrodeposition strategy provides a basis and reference for the rational design of hierarchical electrodes to be applied in the field of energy storage.

Clinical efficacy of duloxetine in the treatment of axial symptoms after posterior cervical spine surgery: a retrospective study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of duloxetine in the treatment of patients with axial symptoms after posterior cervical spine surgery. METHODS: Patients with axial symptoms after posterior cervical spine surgery treated by duloxetine or non-drug therapy from 2018 to 2021 were reviewed. Duloxetine was administered gradually, with oral administration of 30 mg in the first week and oral administration of 60 mg from the second week. Visual analogue scale (VAS), 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) and EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaire were used to evaluate the severity of AS at baseline and 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after medication. The occurrence of adverse reactions was recorded. RESULTS: A total of 63 eligible patients who received duloxetine therapy (n = 35) or non-drug therapy (n = 28) were included. All patients were followed up for 6 months. Significant improvements were found in VAS score compared with baseline in both groups (1.87 ± 0.81 vs 6.61 ± 1.16, 3.18 ± 0.67 vs 6.31 ± 1.40; P < 0.05 for all). Meanwhile, the VAS score of the duloxetine group was significantly better than that of the non-drug therapy group at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months (P < 0.05). Besides, according to 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36), the PCS score and MCS score are significantly higher than before the treatment in duloxetine group (PCS 62.82 ± 6.04 vs 44.36 ± 7.25, MCS 65.50 ± 4.53 vs 55.55 ± 6.06; P < 0.05 for all). And when we compared variables between the two groups, the PCS score of the duloxetine group was significantly better than that of the non-drug therapy group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in MCS score between the two groups (P > 0.05). What's more, EQ-5D score had significant improvements in the duloxetine group compared with the non-drug therapy group at 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Oral duloxetine has a better short-term outcome than conventional non-drug therapy in patients with axial symptoms following posterior decompression surgery in the cervical spine.

Adsorption configurations and electronic properties of self-assembled C60and C70molecules on a semiconductor CuSe monolayer with periodic nanopores.

Two-dimensional (2D) supramolecular self-assembly architectures are considered one of the most significant and challenging topics in nanotechnology and modern organic chemistry. The study of these processes on surfaces is vital to achieving a higher degree of control in the design of supramolecular architecture. Herein, we report on the 2D self-assembly monolayer architectures based on C60and C70molecules on a semiconductor CuSe monolayer with periodic nanopores, which are essential for providing ideas for surface template chemistry. With the aid of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (LT-STM/STS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculation methods, we systematically investigate the adsorption configurations and electronic properties of C60and C70on CuSe monolayer with periodic nanopores. Our results show that both the C60and C70molecules above the nanopores will fall into the nanopores, while those on the CuSe surface will show well-defined self-assembly with various adsorption configurations. Besides, through STS measurement, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) and characteristic peaks of fullerene molecules will be slightly different due to different adsorption configurations. This work helps us to study the adsorption behavior of the fullerene family on various kinds of semiconductor substrates, and also provides vigorous support for the development of fullerene electrical devices in the future.

27-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery compared with 25-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery on wound closure and need for wound suture and other postoperative parameters in the treatment of vitreoretinal disease: A meta-analysis.

We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of 27-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery compared with 25-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery on wound closure and the need for wound suture and other postoperative parameters in the treatment of vitreoretinal disease. A systematic literature search up to June 2022 was performed and 1264 subjects with the vitreoretinal disease at the baseline of the studies; 562 of them were using the 27-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery, and 722 were using 25-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery. Odds ratio (OR), and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the effect of 27-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery compared with 25-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery on wound closure and the need for wound suture and other postoperative parameters in the treatment of vitreoretinal disease using the dichotomous, and contentious methods with a random or fixed-effect model. The 27-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery subjects had a significantly lower intraoperative and postoperative wound complication (OR, 6.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.95, P = .02), and wound suture number (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.20-0.71, P = .002), and best corrected visual acuity (MD, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.05 to -0.001, P = .02) compared with 25-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery in subjects with vitreoretinal disease. However, 27-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery subjects had no significant difference in the wound closure time (MD, -8.45; 95% CI, -23.44 to 6.55, P = .27), operation time (MD, 0.85; 95% CI, -1.17 to 2.86, P = .41), intraocular pressure at postoperative day 1 (MD, 0.42; 95% CI, -1.45-2.28, P = .66), primary anatomical success rate (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.42-1.63, P = .58), and central macular thickness (MD, 1.81; 95% CI, -21.76 to 25.37, P = .88) compared to 25-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery in subjects with vitreoretinal disease. The 27-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery subjects had a significantly lower intraoperative and postoperative wound complication, wound suture number, and best corrected visual acuity, and no significant difference in the wound closure time, operation time, intraocular pressure at postoperative day 1, primary anatomical success rate, and central macular thickness compared to 25-gauge microincision vitrectomy surgery in subjects with vitreoretinal disease. The analysis of outcomes should be with caution because of the low sample size of 12 out of 15 studies in the meta-analysis and a low number of studies in certain comparisons.