RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Since an effective method for generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human neural stem cells (hNSCs) can offer us a promising tool for studying brain diseases, here we reported direct reprogramming of adult hNSCs into iPSCs by retroviral transduction of four defined factors. METHODS: NSCs were successfully isolated and cultured from the hippocampus tissue of epilepsy patients. When combined with four factors (OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC), iPSCs colonies were successfully obtained. RESULTS: Morphological characterization and specific genetic expression confirmed that these hNSCs-derived iPSCs showed embryonic stem cells-like properties, which include the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION: Our method would be useful for generating human iPSCs from NSCs and provide an important tool for studying neurological diseases.
Assuntos
Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/citologia , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neurais/citologia , Células-Tronco Neurais/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Reprogramação Celular/genética , Reprogramação Celular/fisiologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Fator 4 Semelhante a Kruppel , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like/metabolismo , Fator 3 de Transcrição de Octâmero/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Fatores de Transcrição SOXB1/metabolismoRESUMO
PURPOSE: We assessed the value of 16-layer three-dimensional computed tomography angiography (3D-CTA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in diagnosis of the arteriovenous malformations (AVM). METHODS: 16 patients with AVM were examined by 16 layers CT scan and DSA. RESULTS: The DSA imaging provided excellent visualization in all of patients, including size, location, and feeding arterial of AVM. The value of the diagnosis of the nidus malformation vascular by 3D-CTA was similar to that by DSA, however, CTA was not good at diagnosis of the third feeding artery of AVM. The three-dimensional reconstruction also further revealed the relation of lesion and surrounding tissue which is helpful in making an appropriate decision before treatment. Differences in dates were compared using the t test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. CONCLUSION: 16-layer 3D-CTA was a superior approach for diagnosis and follow up of the AVM.
