[A case report of chronic granulomatous disease with CYBB gene mutation in an adult].

We reported a 28-year-old male patient who had been admitted to a local hospital for several times in the past four years because of recurrent fever and cough. Each chest CT scan during hospitalization showed consolidation accompanied by exudation and mild pleural effusion. After treatment, the consolidation apparently absorbed, but similar symptoms recurred within half a year, and the new consolidation appeared. For this reason, he was diagnosed with tuberculosis or bacterial pneumonia several times in other hospitals, and was hospitalized two to three times a year. Finally, he was diagnosed with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) with CYBB gene mutation through whole-exome sequencing.

Investigation on the association between IL-10 C819T gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to gastric cancer.

We conducted a case-control study to investigate the association between the interleukin-10 (IL-10) C819T polymorphism and susceptibility to gastric cancer in a Chinese population. A total of 157 patients with gastric cancer and 249 controls were consecutively enrolled from the Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital between October 2012 and February 2015. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used to genotype for IL-10 C819T. As determined by χ2-test, there was a significant difference in genotype distributions of IL-10 C819T between gastric cancer patients and controls (χ2 = 7.09; P = 0.03). Based on unconditional logistic regression analysis, the TT genotype of IL-10 C819T was significantly associated with increased risk of gastric cancer when compared with that of the CC genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 2.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17-4.26; P = 0.008]. In a dominant model, we found that the CT + TT genotype of IL-10 C819T was associated with susceptibility to gastric cancer compared to that of the CC genotype (OR = 1.63; 95%CI = 1.02-2.64). In a recessive model, the TT genotype of IL-10 C819T was correlated with a higher risk of gastric cancer when compared with that of the CC + CT genotype (OR = 1.75; 95%CI = 1.01-3.02). In conclusion, our study suggests that the IL-10 C819T polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer in co-dominant, dominant, and recessive models.

[Study on gas chromatographic method for the evaluation of residual solvents by using wide bore open tubular columns].

A GC method using wide bore open tubular columns was developed to evaluate residual organic solvents. Sixteen organic solvents commonly used for pharmaceutical synthesis were analysed. The effects of different polarity columns and extraction solvents on the assay of residual solvents were studied in this work. It showed that most solvents can be well separated from each other on non-polar or less polar wide-bore columns. Extraction solvents differed in their extraction recovery and peak shape. Satisfactory results can be obtained when the proposed method was employed and a suitable extraction solvent was selected. The procedures summarized in this paper can be used as a guidance for the evaluation of residual organic solvents in bulk pharmaceuticals.

[Study on pharmacokinetics of mitoxantrone polycyanoacrylate nanoparticles freeze-dried injection by HPLC column switching technique].

The drug concentration--time curves of mitoxantrone polycyanoacrylate nanoparticles freeze-dried injection (DHAQ-PBCA-NP-FDIn) and mitoxantrone solution injection (DHAQ-SIn) in rabbit blood were determined by HPLC column switching technique, and the difference between the DHAQ-PBCA-NP-FDIn and DHAQ-SIn in vivo was observed. The pharmacokinetic parameters of DHAQ-PBCA-NP-FDIn and DHAQ-SIn were presented by statistical moment. The results showed that the MRT and T1/2 of DHAQ-PBCA-NP-FDIn were 2.15 times longer than that of DHAQ-SIn, and the Vss was 4.81 times bigger than that of DHAQ-SIn. This indicates that DHAQ-PBCA-NP-FDIn has targeting and prolonging effect on the action in vivo.

Determination of fluconazole by direct injection of plasma and high performance liquid chromatography with column switching.

High performance liquid chromatography with column switching has been developed for the determination of fluconazole in plasma. The plasma samples were injected onto a precolumn packed with LiChromprep RP2(25-40 microns) after simple dilution with a solution of 0.2 mol.L-1 acetic acid. Distilled water was used to wash out protein and other polar components in plasma. After switching, the concentrated fluconazole was eluted in the back-flush mode onto a Shimpack CLC-ODS column with methanol--0.2 mol.L-1 ammonium acetate (pH 2.7) (50:50) as mobile phase. Purge solutions were used for clean-up and for regenerating the precolumn. The method showed a good precision and excellent recovery. The detection limit was 0.12 micrograms.ml-1 plasma. The RSD's (intra- and interday) were less than 6.3%. The method has been successfully used to determine bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in Chinese volunteers.

[Dissolution rate and bioavailability of famotidine tablets].

An automated dissolution test system was used for the determination of the dissolution rate of famotidine tablets, and a mean cumulative dissolution rate of 97.40 +/- 0.31% in 15 min was obtained. To each of six healthy volunteers, 40 mg of famotidine tablets were administered orally, then an automated HPLC with switching column system was used to analyze famotidine in plasma. Variation of drug concentration vs time were fitted to curves. By comparison of calculated values with observed ones, the results could be described as one-compartment model in human. According to a statistic moment algorithm, the results of calculation showed that T1/2 = 2.92 h and Frel = 118.8%.

[Determination of antitumour drug mitoxantrone in plasma using HPLC column switching technique].

An automated clean up and concentration method by column switching is described for the assay of mitoxantrone, an antitumour drug in plasma. The system uses a YWG-CN short precolumn for on-line clean up and concentration and a Shimpack CLC-ODS analytical column for separation. Water is used as pretreat mobile phase and 48% methanol in ammonium acetate (0.2 mol/L pH 1.9) is used as analytical mobile phase. The plasma sample is treated with methanol and ultrasonated for 10 min. The supernatant of treated sample is directly injected to precolumn. The recovery of clean up is 85%. The wavelength used for detection is 658 nm and the concentration of detection limit is 6 ng/ml in plasma. The procedure is simple and the method is sensitive.

[Direct injection of plasma to determine famotidine in plasma using HPLC column switching technique].

An automated high performance liquid chromatographic switching system is described for the analysis of famotidine, an H2-receptor antagonist in plasma. The system used YWG-C18 short precolumn for on-line sample clean-up and a Shimpack CLC-ODS analytical column for separation. A solution of 0.2 mol/L acetic acid was used as pretreatment mobile phase and 14% (v/v) methanol in ammonium acetate (0.2 mol/L) was used as analytical mobile phase. The detection was at 267 nm and the detection limit was 12 ng/ml plasma. Plasma sample was diluted with acetic acid (0.2 mol/L) and injected directly on the HPLC system. The procedure of clean-up is simple and automatic. The recovery of clean-up is 84.1%.

[Solid phase clean up and determination of theophylline in plasma by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography].

Theophylline is the drug of choice in the prevention and treatment of asthmatic symptoms. A plasma sample clean up procedure using alumina solid phase to eliminate the interference of plasma impurities and some other drugs and a RP-HPLC method to determine plasma theophylline concentration were developed. The system used a Zorbax-C18 (5 microns) column. The mobile phase consists of a mixture of methanol and sodium acetate (50:50) buffer (pH 3.0). Detection at a wavelength of 254 nm showed no interfering peaks. Caffeine was used as an internal standard. The clean up procedure is simple, rapid and satisfactory. The detection limit of theophylline is 0.2 ng (R/N, 3:1), the minimal detectable concentration of theophylline in plasma is 20 ng/ml. Calibration curve is linear (r = 0.9995) in the concentration range of 4 micrograms/ml to 30/micrograms/ml. Within-day precision and day-to-day precision (CV) were 1.89% and 2.41% respectively. The average recovery of the method is 98.44 +/- 0.89%.