What Should a Breastfeeding Place in Public Spaces Be Like? A Qualitative Study on Women's Experiences.

BACKGROUND: Mothers need a place in public spaces where they can comfortably breastfeed and care for their babies. The availability and design features of these places are critical for meeting mothers' safety and comfort needs while they are breastfeeding. AIM: This study was conducted to examine mothers' experiences with breastfeeding places in public spaces. METHODS: This study, which was planned as a phenomenological research, one of qualitative research designs, was conducted with mothers (n = 18) with breastfeeding experience in public places. Data were collected through in-depth interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire developed by the researchers. The thematic analysis method was employed to evaluate the data. RESULTS: Study findings were examined under two main themes and 12 subthemes. Getting to the breastfeeding place was actually enough for many of the participants. Women who could not breastfeed for any reason in breastfeeding places stated that they came up with some solutions, such as breastfeeding in the car, feeding with formula, and not taking the baby with them. Participants' basic expectations about the breastfeeding place were that it met cleanliness, hygiene, privacy, and ventilation conditions. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that women who tended to spend more time in public spaces recently encountered similar problems during the breastfeeding process. Breastfeeding environments should meet minimum standards such as cleanliness and privacy as well as having the necessary comfort, aesthetics, and decoration features.

How Does the Breastfeeding Environment Affect Satisfaction? A Scale Development Study.

BACKGROUND: Women need a safe and comfortable environment to breastfeed their babies. The quality of breastfeeding environments in social areas is important for women's breastfeeding satisfaction. AIM: The aim of this study was to develop a measurement tool for the evaluation of breastfeeding environments and to examine the impact of the quality of breastfeeding environments in social areas on breastfeeding satisfaction. METHOD: The first phase of the study was conducted in methodological design and the second phase in cross-sectional design. The draft scale was applied to 365 women who had breastfeeding experiences in social environments during the postpartum 6 months-3 years period. In the first stage, scale development analyses were applied. In the second stage, the developed scale was applied to 255 women. Frequency, percentage, Cronbach's α coefficient, and correlation analysis were used in the analysis of the data. RESULTS: The Ideal Breastfeeding Environment Assessment Scale, consisting of 23 items and four subdimensions, was obtained in the study. As a result of the application of the scale in the second stage, the mean score of the breastfeeding environments evaluated by the women was 23.43 ± 8.36. A statistically significant moderate-weak correlation was found between the ideality of breastfeeding environments and the satisfaction levels of women (p < .001). CONCLUSION: It was determined that the developed scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to evaluate breastfeeding environments. As the quality of breastfeeding environments increases, women's breastfeeding satisfaction increases.

Termination of pregnancy due to fetal anomaly: A qualitative study from Turkey on women's experiences.

BACKGROUND: Termination of pregnancy due to fetal anomaly is an unexpected traumatic event for women. It can cause serious complications that can negatively affect both the physical and psychological health of women. AIM: This study aims to examine the experiences of women who underwent medical termination for fetal anomaly in the second trimester. METHODS: The study included 12 women whose pregnancies were terminated due to fetal anomaly. Data were collected through in-depth interviews until data sufficiency was reached. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. This study was conducted using an inductive qualitative design. The women's statements were examined and double-coded. By examining the codes, main themes were created after sub-themes. RESULTS: Women's experiences were analyzed in five themes: difficulty in decision-making (1), emotional impact (2), stigmatization (3), dilemma between hope and anxiety (4), and post-termination care and support needs (5). Participants stated that they experienced many emotions such as indecision, sadness, helplessness, guilt, and remorse during the medical termination process. Hope, anxiety, fear, social pressure and support needs were also frequently experienced in this process. CONCLUSION: Termination of pregnancy in the second trimester due to fetal anomaly caused significant psychological symptoms. In order to prevent long-term health complications, it will be important for health professionals to provide interventions designed to meet the demands of women diagnosed with fetal anomaly.

The effectiveness of aromatherapy in the management of labor pain: A meta-analysis.

One non-pharmacological method that can be used to safely and without negative side effects is aromatherapy. This meta-analysis study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of aromatherapy in the treatment of labor pain. The analysis included 14 randomized controlled trials of aromatherapy interventions for labor pain. In the studies, it was observed that aromatherapy was applied through massage and inhalation using oils such as lavender, jasmine, rose, chamomile, bitter orange, and boswellia. In the meta-analysis, it was discovered that aromatherapy had a beneficial effect on the management of labor pain and reduced labor pain in the intervention group in 11 studies; it was found that there was no effect in 3 studies. According to analysis findings, aromatherapy significantly lessened the intensity of labor pain. The study's findings support the notion that aromatherapy can lessen labor pain.

Workplace breastfeeding support for working women: A scale development study.

Objective: In this study, authors aimed to develop a scale to evaluate workplace breastfeeding support. Methods: The study was carried out with 490 working women who applied to the women's and children's outpatient clinics of a hospital in Turkey. The study data were collected by using a 'Personal Information Form' and the 'Workplace Breastfeeding Support for Working Women Draft Scale'. The data were analyzed on SPSS 25 and AMOS 21 software packages. In the development process of the scale; Content validity, exploratory factor analysis, item-total score correlation methods and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient were used. Results: The content validity index of the scale was 0.90, and the Cronbach's alpha value was 0.93. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value of the scale was 0.91, Bartlett test values were χ2 = 11,573.924 and p < 0.000. According to the results of the exploratory factor analysis for the construct validity of the scale, the scale consisted of 31 items and 6 factors. Conclusions: The developed scale can be used to evaluate workplace breastfeeding support for working women as a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Turkish nurses' leadership orientations and clinical decision-making skills.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the leadership orientations of nurses and their clinical decision-making skills. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: This descriptive study was conducted between June and December 2018 on nurses working at three hospitals in Turkey. This study was completed with 1,100 nurses. The Personal Information Form, Leadership Orientation Scale and Clinical Decision-Making Scale in Nursing were used for data collection. FINDINGS: A significant correlation was found between the leadership orientations of nurses and age, sex, institution where they were employed, time spent in the profession, being in a management position and satisfaction with the current unit of employment (p < 0.05), and a significant correlation was found between clinical decision-making skills of nurses and age, sex and occupational status (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between the mean scores of the Leadership Orientation Scale and Clinical Decision-Making in Nursing Scale (p < 0.05). ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The development of leadership orientations of nurses positively affects their clinical decision-making skills. In this respect, it is important to instill effective leadership orientations in nurses and to incorporate novel training methods in nursing education to develop accurate and timely clinical decision-making skills.

Effect of exercise on premenstrual symptoms: A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE: The aim of this systematic review is to examine the effect of exercise on premenstrual symptoms. METHODS: In this systematic review, international databases (EBSCO Host, ScienceDirect PubMed, Google Scholar) were searched from the start of databases to 30 April 2018. Keywords used included "premenstrual syndrome" and "exercise". For the keywords, "Medical Subject Headings" were used. Articles were screened by the two authors independently, and in case of disagreements, items were discussed until consensus was reached. All studies evaluating the effect of exercise on premenstrual symptoms were extracted from included studies without limiting the type of exercise. RESULTS: A total of 361 studies on the subject were examined, and 17 publications in accordance with the inclusion criteria were included in the study and evaluated. It can be said that exercise is effective in improving physical symptoms such as pain, constipation, breast sensitivity, and psychological symptoms such as anxiety and anger. However, although there is no clarity regarding other symptoms, exercise has a symptom-reducing effect. CONCLUSION: Exercise is an effective intervention for alleviating premenstrual symptoms in women with premenstrual syndrome.

Attitudes Toward Violence Against Women and the Factors That Affect Them in Kutahya, Turkey.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to determine the attitudes of women and men living in Kutahya, Turkey towards violence against women, and the factors that affect them. The data were collected using an Information Form for Women, an Information Form for Men, and the Attitude towards Violence Scale. The study was completed with 2959 participants; 1481 women and 1478 men. In the study, 41.3% of the women and 22.6% of the men reported being subject to violence. The mean score of the attitude towards violence scale was 41.57±11.83 for women and 49.38±11.52 for men (p <0.001). The mean scores on the attitude towards violence scale were found to be statistically significantly related to gender, education status, occupation, income status, co-educational status, co-occupation, marital age, family type, and subjection to violence (p <0.05). Socio-demographic and socio-cultural factors were found to influence the attitudes of women and men towards violence against women. The attitudes towards violence against women were found to be more positive in women. The rate of accepting violence as natural (acceptable) phenomena was found to be higher among men. That is, the attitudes of men towards violence against women are closer to the traditional approach, away from the modern approach.