Application of deep learning approaches to predict monthly stream flows.

Accurate and reliable flow estimations are of great importance for hydroelectric power generation, flood and drought risk management, and the effective use of water resources. This research carries out a comprehensive study on the application of gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network, recurrent neural network (RNN), and long short-term memory (LSTM) to predict with river flows at three different streamflow observation stations in Erzincan, Bayburt, and Gümüshane. Monthly streamflow time series covering the years 1978 to 2015 were used to set up artificial intelligence models. During the modeling phase, 70% of the data was divided into training (October 1978-April 2004), 15% validation (May 2004-September 2009), and 15% test set (October 2010-September 2015). Model performances were made according to the correlation coefficient, root mean square error, the ratio of RMSE to the standard deviation, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient, index of agreement, and volumetric efficiency values. The calculation results show that GRU leads efficient estimation results for estimating streamflow and can also be used in allied water resources.

A COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF HEMOGRAM-DERIVED INFLAMMATORY INDICES IN HASHIMOTO THYROIDITIS AND NON-IMMUNOGENIC HYPOTHYROIDISM.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the Systemic Inflammation Index (SII), Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in HT and NIH, as well as their diagnostic value to predict the presence of inflammation. Subjects and Methods: The study included 505 patients, including 190 healthy controls, 166 euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), 91 hypothyroid HT, and 58 non- immunogenic hypothyroidism (NIH) patients. The records of the patients in each group were reviewed retrospectively. Results: In terms of SII, there was a significant difference between the control and patient groups (p<0.001). PLR and NLR values were also found to be significantly higher in the patient group (p<0.001 and p=0.007, respectively). When euthyroid HT, hypothyroid HT, and NIH subgroups were compared to the control group, there was a significant difference in SII, PLR (for all p<0.001), but not in NLR (p=0.059). SII, PLR, and NLR were not different between the subgroups (p=0.595, p=0.861, and p=0.777, respectively). Conclusions: It was found that the PLR, NLR, and SII indices were higher in Hashimoto's thyroiditis and non-immunogenic hypothyroidism. Of these indices, SII was the most powerful marker to predict the presence of inflammation.

Childhood trauma and dissociation in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The present study attempted to assess childhood trauma events and dissociative symptoms in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD: The study included all patients who were admitted for the first time to the psychiatric outpatient unit over a 24-month period. Seventy-eight patients were diagnosed as having OCD during the two-year study period. Childhood traumatic events were assessed with a Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). A Dissociation Questionnaire (DIS-Q) was also used to measure dissociative symptoms. RESULTS: The mean of Y-BOCS points were 23.37 +/- 7.27. Dissociation questionnaire scores were between 0.40 and 3.87 and the mean was 2.23 +/- 0.76. Childhood trauma points were 1.27-4.77 and the mean was 2.38 +/- 0.56. There was no statistically significant relationship between Y-BOCS points and childhood trauma points (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant positive relationship between Y-BOCS points and DIS-Q points. There was no statistically significant relationship between DIS-Q points and childhood trauma points (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Childhood trauma questionnaire points might be significant clinically, although there was not a statistically significant correlation in our study. We also conclude that dissociative symptoms among patients with OCD should alert clinicians to treatment of the disorder.

Childhood trauma and dissociation in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder / Traumas de infancia y disociación en pacientes con trastornos obsesivo-compulsivos

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The present study attempted to assess childhood trauma events and dissociative symptoms in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD: The study included all patients who were admitted for the first time to the psychiatric outpa- tient unit over a 24-month period. Seventy-eight patients were diagnosed as having OCD during the two-year study period. Childhood traumatic events were assessed with a Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). A Dissociation Questionnaire (DIS-Q) was also used to measure dissociative symptoms. RESULTS: The mean of Y-BOCS points were 23.37 ± 7.27. Dissociation questionnaire scores were between 0.40 and 3.87 and the mean was 2.23 ± 0.76. Childhood trauma points were 1.27-4.77 and the mean was 2.38 ± 0.56. There was no statistically significant relationship between Y-BOCS points and childhood trauma points (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant positive relationship between Y-BOCS points and DIS-Q points. There was no statistically significant relationship between DIS-Q points and childhood trauma points (p > 0.05) CONCLUSION: Childhood trauma questionnaire points might be significant clinically, although there was not a statistically significant correlation in our study. We also conclude that dissociative symptoms among patients with OCD should alert clinicians to treatment of the disorder.

ANTECEDENTES Y OBJETIVO: El presente estudio tuvo por objeto evaluar eventos traumáticos de la infancia, y síntomas disociativos en pacientes con trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC). MÉTODO: El estudio incluyó a todos los pacientes que fueron ingresados por primera vez en la Unidad Psiquiátrica, a lo largo de un período de 24 meses. A setenta y ocho pacientes les fue diagnosticado TOC durante un período de dos años. Los eventos traumáticos de la infancia fueron evaluados mediante un Cuestionario de traumas de infancia (CTQ). Los síntomas del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo fueron evaluados mediante la Escala Yale-Brown para el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (Y-BOCS). Asimismo, para medir los síntomas disociativos, se usó un Cuestionario de disociación (DIS-Q). RESULTADOS: Los puntos promedios del cuestionario Y-BOCS fueron 23.37 ± 7.27. Las puntuaciones del Cuestionario de disociación estuvieron entre 0.40 y 3.87 y la media fue 2.23 ± 0.76. Los puntos por trauma de infancia fueron 1.27-4.77 y la media fue 2.38 ± 0.56. No hubo relación estadísticamente significativa entre los puntos de Y-BOCS, y los puntos por trauma de la infancia (p > 0.05). Hubo una relación positiva estadísticamente significativa entre los puntos de Y-BOCS y los puntos de DIS-Q. No hubo una relación estadísticamente significativa entre los puntos de DIS-Q y los puntos por trauma de la infancia (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIÓN: Los puntos del Cuestionario de traumas de infancia podrían ser clínicamente significativos, aunque no hubo una correlación estadísticamente significativa en nuestro estudio. También concluimos que los síntomas disociativos entre los pacientes con TOC deben alertar a los clínicos médicos al tratamiento de este trastorno.