RESUMO
Aim: To develop a trivalent DNA vaccine candidate encapsulated in Chitosan-TPP nanoparticles against hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and assess its immunogenicity in mice.Materials & methods: Trivalent plasmid carrying the VP1 and VP2 genes of EV-A71, VP1 gene of CV-A16 was encapsulated in Chitosan-TPP nanoparticles through ionic gelation. In vitro characterization and in vivo immunization studies of the CS-TPP-NPs (pIRES-VP121) were performed.Results: Mice administered with CS-TPP NPs (pIRES-VP121) intramuscularly were observed to have the highest IFN-γ response. Sera from mice immunized with the naked pDNA and CS-TPP-NPs (pIRES-VP121) demonstrated good viral clearance against wild-type EV-A71 and CV-A16 in RD cells.Conclusion: CS-TPP-NPs (pIRES-VP121) could serve as a prototype for future development of multivalent HFMD DNA vaccine candidates.
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Assuntos
Quitosana , Enterovirus Humano A , Doença de Mão, Pé e Boca , Nanopartículas , Vacinas de DNA , Animais , Vacinas de DNA/imunologia , Vacinas de DNA/administração & dosagem , Quitosana/química , Nanopartículas/química , Camundongos , Enterovirus Humano A/imunologia , Doença de Mão, Pé e Boca/prevenção & controle , Doença de Mão, Pé e Boca/imunologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Feminino , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Plasmídeos , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Proteínas do Capsídeo/imunologia , Proteínas do Capsídeo/química , PolifosfatosRESUMO
Infectious diseases have always been regarded as one of the greatest global threats for the last century. The current ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is living proof that the world is still threatened by emerging infectious diseases. Morbidity and mortality rates of diseases caused by Coronavirus have inflicted devastating social and economic outcomes. Undoubtedly, vaccination is the most effective method of eradicating infections and infectious diseases that have been eradicated by vaccinations, including Smallpox and Polio. To date, next-generation vaccine candidates with novel platforms are being approved for emergency use, such as the mRNA and viral vectored vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Nanoparticle based vaccines are the perfect candidates as they demonstrated targeted antigen delivery, improved antigen presentation, and sustained antigen release while providing self-adjuvanting functions to stimulate potent immune responses. In this review, we discussed most of the recent nanovaccines that have found success in immunization and challenge studies in animal models in comparison with their naked vaccine counterparts. Nanovaccines that are currently in clinical trials are also reviewed.