Solid-Liquid-Gas Three-Phase Indirect Electrolysis Enabled by Affinity Auxiliary Imparted Covalent Organic Frameworks.

The design of efficient heterogenous redox mediators with favorable affinity to substrate and electrolyte are much desired yet still challenging for the development of indirect electrolysis system. Herein, for the first time, we have developed a solid-liquid-gas three-phase indirect electrolysis system based on a covalent organic framework (Dha-COF-Cu) as heterogenous redox mediator for S-S coupling reaction. Dha-COF-Cu with the integration of high porosity, nanorod morphology, abundant hydroxyl groups and active Cu sites is much beneficial for the adsorption/activation of thiols, uniform dispersion and high wettability in electrolyte, and efficient interfacial electron transfer. Notably, Dha-COF-Cu as solid-phase redox mediator exhibits excellent electrocatalytic efficiency for the formation of value-added liquid-phase S-S bond product (yields up to 99%) coupling with the generation of gas-phase product of H2 (~1.40 mmol g-1 h-1), resulting in a powerful three-phase indirect electrolysis system. This is the first work about COFs that can be applied in three-phase indirect electrolysis system, which might promote the development of porous crystalline materials in this field.

Matricellular proteins: From cardiac homeostasis to immune regulation.

Tissue repair after myocardial injury is a complex process involving changes in all aspects of the myocardial tissue, including the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is composed of large structural proteins such as collagen and elastin and smaller proteins with major regulatory properties called matricellular proteins. Matricellular cell proteins exert their functions and elicit cellular responses by binding to structural proteins not limited to interactions with cell surface receptors, cytokines, or proteases. At the same time, matricellular proteins act as the "bridge" of information exchange between cells and ECM, maintaining the integrity of the cardiac structure and regulating the immune environment, which is a key factor in determining cardiac homeostasis. In this review, we present an overview of the identified matricellular proteins and summarize the current knowledge regarding their roles in maintaining cardiac homeostasis and regulating the immune system.

Using cerebral regional oxygen saturation and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography in neonates on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: preliminary experience from a single center.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the application value in neurological outcome of cerebral regional oxygen saturation (CrSO2) and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) monitoring during neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) courses. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 18 neonates receiving veno-arterial ECMO (V-A ECMO) support at our hospital from July 2021 to December 2022. Continuous monitoring of CrSO2 and brain electrical activity was conducted using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and aEEG throughout the ECMO treatment. We collected and analyzed related clinical data. RESULTS: Among the 11 survivors, 5 were categorized as the normal group (N group) and 6 as the abnormal group (AN group) based on post-ECMO brain MRI outcomes. The N group exhibited shorter time percentage of significant CrSO2 reduction (> 25% from baseline or absolute value < 40%), better fractional tissue oxygen extraction (FTOE) rates, and more stable mean percentage changes in CrSO2 compared to the AN group. Neonates in the N group predominantly showed mildly abnormal aEEG readings, with one patient displaying disrupted sleep-wake cycles. This particular patient also had more significant CrSO2 reduction and poorer FTOE compared to others in the N group. Additionally, the Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) scores indicated hypoevolutism in this patient before discharge, while others in the N group had normal TIMP scores. In the AN group, 4 exhibited moderate and 2 severe aEEG abnormalities; 5 had hypoevolutism TIMP scores, and 1 with moderate aEEG abnormalities maintained a normal TIMP score, exhibiting lesser CrSO2 reduction and improved FTOE. CONCLUSION: CrSO2 and aEEG monitoring show potential as routine assessments for neurological outcomes during neonatal ECMO. In our cohort, a tendency was observed where neonates with greater reductions in CrSO2 and more severe aEEG abnormalities experienced poorer neurological outcomes.

[Diazotrophic abundance and community structure in rhizosphere soils of typical subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations]. / äºšçƒ­å¸¦å ¸åž‹æ‰æœ¨äººå·¥æž—æ ¹é™ åœŸå£¤å›ºæ°®èŒä¸°åº¦å’Œç¾¤è½ç»“æž„.

Rhizosphere is a vital area for substance exchange and energy transfer between roots and soil microorganisms. Therefore, diazotrophs in the rhizosphere play a pivotal role in facilitating plant nitrogen acquisition. We investigated the variability in the abundance and community structure of soil diazotrophs and the influencing factors across rhizosphere soils of Cunninghamia lanceolata in three locations: Baisha State-owned Forest Farm in Longyan City (BS), Sanming Forest Ecosystem and Global Change Research Station (SM), and Wuyishan National Forest Park in Nanping City (WYS), located in the western region of Fujian Province, quantified the diazotrophic abundance by using real-time quantitative PCR, and assessed the community structure by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that soil pH, C:N ratio, and C:(N:P) stoichiometry in SM were notably lower compared to those in BS and WYS. In SM, the abundance of the nifH gene was 6.38×108 copies·g-1, significantly lower than 1.35×109 copies·g-1 in BS and 1.10×109 copies·g-1 in WYS. Additionally, α diversity index of diazotrophs was lower in SM compared to BS and WYS, while the community structure of diazotrophs in rhizosphere soils of BS and WYS was similar, which differed significantly from that in SM. The diazotrophic sequences in the three forest farms could be divided into 5 phylum, 8 classes, 15 orders, 23 families and 33 genera, with Proteobacteria, α-proteobacteria, and Bradyrhizobium as the dominant phylotypes. Soil pH, available phosphorus, NO3--N and C:(N:P) ratio were identified as significant factors influencing both the abundance and community structure of nifH genes, with soil pH performing the greatest. Taken together, there were spatial variations in the distribution of diazotrophic abundance and community structure in C. lanceolata rhizosphere soils, with soil pH as the primary driving factor.

Study on visualization of impact damage characteristics of honey peaches based on finite element method.

The study of visualization of impact damage of fruit under different thicknesses of buffer materials can provide more efficient transportation and packaging solutions, and thus the economic losses caused by fruit damage can be reduced. Pearl cotton (EPE) is commonly used as a buffer material in the market, and the impact damage behavior of honey peaches under different thicknesses of EPE buffer material was studied by using the finite element method. Firstly, the damage area, maximum contact force and damage volume during the collision of honey peaches with EPE materials of different thicknesses (2, 4, and 6 mm) were obtained by the single pendulum device, and then the Modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio of peach flesh were obtained by compression test. Finally, the finite element model of honey peach was built and the collision simulations were performed. The results of the study showed that the values of mechanical parameters of honey peach decreased with the increase of the thickness of the buffer material. When the collision angle was below 60°, the honey peaches were not damaged in the collision with the EPE material with a thickness of 4 mm or more. By comparing the tested values with the simulated values, it was found that the errors of the damage area, damage volume and maximum contact force were less than 19.71%, 26.82%, and 25.88%, respectively. The study not only proves the possibility of the finite element method in the quantitative prediction of honey peaches damage but also provides rational support for the packaging design of honey peaches.

Effects of antibiotic and disinfectant exposure on the mouse gut microbiome and immune function.

This study explores the effects of disinfectant and antibiotic exposure on gut health, focusing on gut microbiota balance and gut immune function. Our analysis indicates that disinfectants increase the proportion of Gram-positive bacteria, particularly increasing Staphylococcus levels, while antibiotics increase the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria, especially Bacteroides levels. These changes disrupt microbial harmony and affect the gut microbiome's functional capacity. Additionally, our research reveals that both disinfectants and antibiotics reduce colon length and cause mucosal damage. A significant finding is the downregulation of NLRC4, a key immune system regulator in the gut, accompanied by changes in immune factor expression. This interaction between chemical exposure and immune system dysfunction increases susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease and other gut conditions. Given the importance of disinfectants in disease prevention, this study advocates for a balanced approach to their use, aiming to protect public health while minimizing adverse effects on the gut microbiome and immune function. IMPORTANCE: Disinfectants are extensively employed across various sectors, such as the food sector. Disinfectants are widely used in various sectors, including the food processing industry, animal husbandry, households, and pharmaceuticals. Their extensive application risks environmental contamination, impacting water and soil quality. However, the effect of disinfectant exposure on the gut microbiome and the immune function of animals remains a significant, unresolved issue with profound public health implications. This highlights the need for increased scrutiny and more regulated use of disinfectants to mitigate unintended consequences on gut health and maintain immune system integrity.

Investigation of metaplasticity associated with transcranial focused ultrasound neuromodulation in humans.

Low intensity transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a novel technique for non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS). TUS delivered in a theta (5Hz) burst pattern (tbTUS) induces plasticity in the human primary motor cortex (M1) for 30-60 minutes, showing promise for therapeutic development. Metaplasticity refers to activity-dependent changes in neural functions governing synaptic plasticity; depotentiation is the reversal of long-term potentiation (LTP) by a subsequent protocol with no effect alone. Metaplasticity can enhance plasticity induction and clinical efficacy of NIBS protocols. In our study, we compared four NIBS protocol combinations to investigate metaplasticity on tbTUS in humans of either sex.We delivered four interventions: 1) sham continuous theta burst stimulation with 150 pulses (cTBS150) followed by real tbTUS (tbTUS only), 2) real cTBS150 followed by sham tbTUS (cTBS only), 3) real cTBS150 followed by real tbTUS (metaplasticity), and 4) real tbTUS followed by real cTBS150 (depotentiation). We measured motor-evoked potential amplitude, short-interval intracortical inhibition, long-interval intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation, and short-interval intracortical facilitation before and up to 90 minutes after plasticity intervention.Plasticity effects lasted at least 60 minutes longer when tbTUS was primed with cTBS150 compared to tbTUS alone. Plasticity was abolished when cTBS150 was delivered after tbTUS. cTBS150 alone had no significant effect. No changes in M1 intracortical circuits were observed.Plasticity induction by tbTUS can be modified in manners consistent with homeostatic metaplasticity and depotentiation. This substantiates evidence that tbTUS induces LTP-like processes and suggest that metaplasticity can be harnessed in the therapeutic development of TUS.Significance statement Low intensity transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a novel technique for non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS). Compared to current forms of NIBS, TUS can target deep regions of the brain, such as the basal ganglia and thalamus, with high focality. This is promising for therapeutic development. Neuroplasticity refers to the strengthening or weakening of neural connections based on neural activity. Neural activity can also change the brain's capacity for future plasticity via the process of metaplasticity. This study was the first to characterize the effects of metaplasticity on TUS-induced neuroplasticity, demonstrating that metaplastic processes can enhance and abolish TUS effects. The findings increase understanding of the mechanisms of TUS-induced plasticity and inform future therapeutic development of TUS.

Comparison of targeted next-generation sequencing and metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the identification of pathogens in pneumonia after congenital heart surgery: a comparative diagnostic accuracy study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) with metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for pathogen detection in infants with severe postoperative pneumonia after congenital heart surgery. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study using data from the electronic medical record system of infants who developed severe pneumonia after surgery for congenital heart disease from August 2021 to August 2022. Infants were divided into tNGS and mNGS groups based on the pathogen detection methods. The primary outcome was the efficiency of pathogen detection, and the secondary outcomes were the timeliness and cost of each method. RESULTS: In the study, 91 infants were included, with tNGS detecting pathogens in 84.6% (77/91) and mNGS in 81.3% (74/91) of cases (P = 0.55). No significant differences were found in sensitivity, specificity, PPA, and NPA between the two methods (P > 0.05). tNGS identified five strains with resistance genes, while mNGS detected one strain. Furthermore, tNGS had a faster detection time (12 vs. 24 h) and lower cost ($150 vs. $500) compared to mNGS. CONCLUSION: tNGS offers similar sensitivity to mNGS but with greater efficiency and cost-effectiveness, making it a promising approach for respiratory pathogen detection.

DNA damage induced PARP-1 overactivation confers paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain by regulating mitochondrial oxidative metabolism.

AIMS: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has been extensively investigated in human cancers. Recent studies verified that current available PARP inhibitors (Olaparib or Veliparib) provided clinical palliation of clinical patients suffering from paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain (PINP). However, the underlying mechanism of PARP overactivation in the development of PINP remains to be investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: We reported induction of DNA oxidative damage, PARP-1 overactivation, and subsequent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) depletion as crucial events in the pathogenesis of PINP. Therefore, we developed an Olaparib PROTAC to achieve the efficient degradation of PARP. Continuous intrathecal injection of Olaparib PROTAC protected against PINP by inhibiting the activity of PARP-1 in rats. PARP-1, but not PARP-2, was shown to be a crucial enzyme in the development of PINP. Specific inhibition of PARP-1 enhanced mitochondrial redox metabolism partly by upregulating the expression and deacetylase activity of sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) in the dorsal root ganglions and spinal cord in the PINP rats. Moreover, an increase in the NAD+ level was found to be a crucial mechanism by which PARP-1 inhibition enhanced SIRT3 activity. CONCLUSION: The findings provide a novel insight into the mechanism of DNA oxidative damage in the development of PINP and implicate PARP-1 as a possible therapeutic target for clinical PINP treatment.

Complementary Chinese Herbal Medicine Treatment is Associated with a Reduction of Surgical Rate in Patients with Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding: A Propensity-Score Matched Cohort Study.

Background: Many patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) seek traditional medicine consultations. This study intended to investigate the association of complementary Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) with the surgery rate in patients with DUB in Taiwan. Methods: We enrolled 43,027 patients with newly diagnosed DUB (ICD-9-CM codes 626.8) from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan during the period of 1997 to 2010. Among them, 38,324 were CHM users, and 4703 did not receive CHM treatment. After performing a 1:1 propensity-score match based on patients' age (per 5 years), comorbidities, conventional drugs, childbirth status, duration from the diagnosis year of DUB and index year, there were an equal number (n=4642) of patients in the CHM cohort and non-CHM cohort. The outcome measurement was the comparison of incidences of surgical events, including hysterectomy and endometrial ablation, in the two cohorts before the end of 2013. Results: CHM users had a lower incidence of surgery than non-CHM users (adjusted HR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.22-0.33). The cumulative incidence of surgery was significantly lower in the CHM cohort during the follow-up period (Log rank test, p < 0.001). A total of 146 patients in the CHM cohort (4.99 per 1000 person-years) and 485 patients in the non-CHM cohort (20.19 per 1000 person-years) received surgery (adjusted HR 0.27, 95% CI: 0.22-0.33). CHM also reduced the risk of surgery in DUB patients with or without comorbidities. Regardless of childbirth status or whether patients took NSAIDs, tranexamic acid or progesterone, fewer patients in the CHM cohort underwent surgery than in the non-CHM cohort. The most commonly prescribed single herb and formula were Yi-Mu-Cao (Herba Leonuri) and Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, respectively. Conclusion: The real-world data revealed that CHM is associated with a reduced surgery rate in DUB patients. This information may be provided for further clinical investigations and policy-making.

Dynamic Control of Asymmetric Charge Distribution for Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis.

Constructing dual catalytic sites with charge density differences is an efficient way to promote urea electrosynthesis from parallel NO 3 - ${\mathrm{NO}}_3^ - $ and CO2 reduction yet still challenging in static system. Herein, a dynamic system is constructed by precisely controlling the asymmetric charge density distribution in an Au-doped coplanar Cu7 clusters-based 3D framework catalyst (Au@cpCu7CF). In Au@cpCu7CF, the redistributed charge between Au and Cu atoms changed periodically with the application of pulse potentials switching between -0.2 and -0.6 V and greatly facilitated the electrosynthesis of urea. Compared with the static condition of pristine cpCu7CF (FEurea = 5.10%), the FEurea of Au@cpCu7CF under pulsed potentials is up to 55.53%. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that the high potential of -0.6 V improved the adsorption of *HNO2 and *NH2 on Au atoms and inhibited the reaction pathways of by-products. While at the low potential of -0.2 V, the charge distribution between Au and Cu atomic sites facilitated the thermodynamic C-N coupling step. This work demonstrated the important role of asymmetric charge distribution under dynamic regulation for urea electrosynthesis, providing a new inspiration for precise control of electrocatalysis.

Enhancement of Bone Repair in Diabetic Rats with Metformin-Modified Silicified Collagen Scaffolds.

Regenerating bone defects in diabetic rats presents a significant challenge due to the detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species and impaired autophagy on bone healing. To address these issues, a metformin-modified biomimetic silicified collagen scaffold is developed utilizing the principles of biomimetic silicification. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the scaffold enhanced bone tissue regeneration within the diabetic microenvironment through the release of dual bio-factors. Further analysis reveals a potential therapeutic mechanism whereby these dual bio-factors synergistically promoted osteogenesis in areas of diabetic bone defects by improving mitochondrial autophagy and maintaining redox balance. The present study provides critical insights into the advancement of tissue engineering strategies aimed at bone regeneration in diabetic patients. The study also sheds light on the underlying biological mechanisms.

Current development and structure-activity relationship study of berberine derivatives.

Berberine is a quaternary ammonium isoquinoline alkaloid derived from traditional Chinese medicines Coptis chinensis and Phellodendron chinense. It has many pharmacological activities such as hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-tumor, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory. Through structural modifications at various sites of berberine, the introduction of different groups can change berberine's physical and chemical properties, thereby improving the biological activity and clinical efficacy, and expanding the scope of application. This paper reviews the research progress and structure-activity relationships of berberine in recent years, aiming to provide valuable insights for the exploration of novel berberine derivatives.

ETS1 Deficiency in Macrophages Suppresses Colorectal Cancer Progression by Reducing the F4/80+TIM4+ Macrophage Population.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) take on pivotal and complex roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME); however, their heterogeneity in the TME remains incompletely understood. ETS proto-oncogene 1 (ETS1) is a transcription factor that is mainly expressed in lymphocytes. However, its expression and immunoregulatory role in colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated macrophages remain unclear. In the study, the expression levels of ETS1 in CD68+ macrophages in the CRC microenvironment were significantly higher than those in matched para-carcinoma tissues. Importantly, ETS1 increased the levels of chemokines C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells. It also boosted the migration and invasion of CRC cells during the in vitro co-culture. In ETS1 conditional knockout mouse model, ETS1 deficiency in macrophages ameliorated the histological changes in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mouse models and prolonged the survival in an azomethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS)-induced CRC model. ETS1 deficiency in macrophages substantially inhibited tumor formation, reduced F4/80+TIM4+ macrophages in the mesenteric lymph nodes, and decreased CCL2 and CXCL10 protein levels in tumor tissues. Moreover, ETS1 deficiency in macrophages effectively prevented liver metastasis of CRC and reduced the infiltration of TAMs into the metastasis sites. Subsequent studies have indicated that ETS1 upregulated the expression of T-cell immunoglobulin mucin receptor 4 in macrophages through the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling pathway activated by the autocrine action of CCL2/CXCL10. Collectively, ETS1 deficiency in macrophages potentiates antitumor immune responses by repressing CCL2 and CXCL10 expression, shedding light on potential therapeutic strategies for CRC.

OPDA/dn-OPDA actions: biosynthesis, metabolism, and signaling.

Plants cannot move, so they have evolved sophisticated strategies that integrate the external environmental cues and internal signaling networks for adaptation to dynamic circumstances. Cis-(+)-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) and 2,3-dinor-OPDA (dn-OPDA), the cyclopentenone-containing oxylipins, ubiquitously occur in the green lineage to orchestrate a series of growth and developmental processes as well as various stress and defense responses. OPDA/dn-OPDA are precursors of jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis in vascular plants. Dn-OPDA and its isomer also serve as bioactive JAs perceived by the coronatine insensitive 1/jasmonate ZIM-domain (COI1/JAZ) co-receptor complex in bryophytes and lycophytes. In addition, OPDA/dn-OPDA display signaling activities independent of (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and COI1 in both vascular and non-vascular plants. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the biosynthesis, metabolism, and signaling of OPDA/dn-OPDA, and provide an overview of the evolution of OPDA/dn-OPDA actions to obtain a deeper understanding of the pervasive role of OPDA/dn-OPDA in the plant life cycle.

Geniposide modulates GSK3ß to inhibit Th17 differentiation and mitigate endothelial damage in intracranial aneurysm.

Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a common cerebrovascular disease. Immune system disorders and endothelial dysfunction are essential mechanisms of its pathogenesis. This study aims to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Geniposide (Gen) on IA, which has a protective impact on endothelial cells and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. IA mouse models were administered intraperitoneal injections of geniposide for 2 weeks following elastase injection into the right basal ganglia of the brain for intervention. The efficacy of Gen in treating IA was evaluated through pathological testing and transcriptome sequencing analysis of Willis ring vascular tissue. The primary mechanism of action was linked to the expression of GSK3ß in Th17 cells. The percentage of splenic Th17 cell differentiation in IA mice was significantly inhibited by Gen. GSK3ß/STAT3, and other pathway protein expression levels were also significantly inhibited by Gen. Additionally, TNF-α and IL-23 cytokine contents were significantly downregulated after Gen treatment. These results indicated that Gen significantly inhibited the percentage of Th17 cell differentiation, an effect that was reversed upon overexpression of the GSK3B gene. Furthermore, Gen-treated, Th17 differentiation-inducing cell-conditioned medium significantly up-regulated the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5 in murine aortic endothelial cells. Administering the GSK3ß inhibitor Tideglusib to IA mice alleviated the severity of IA disease pathology and up-regulated aortic tight junction protein expression. In conclusion, Gen inhibits Th17 cell differentiation through GSK3ß, which reduces endothelial cell injury and up-regulates tight junction protein expression.

Chiral aggregates of rod-coil molecules inside nanopores as efficient nanoreactors for asymmetric synthesis.

An important subject of porous organic materials is their capacity to access enantioselectivity due to their high surface area, controllable pore size, and ease of functionalization. However, recyclability of enantio-separation is a challenge, mainly due to the complex procedures of recovery and refreshing from enantiomers. For the first time, we combined nanochannel technology and supramolecular chiral assembly to achieve efficient enantioselectivity. Fine-designed amphiphilic chiral rod-coil molecules 1-3 were immobilized to SBA-15 pore walls to form SA-M1-3 (abbreviation for amino-functionalized SBA-15 connected to molecules 1-3), which commenced chiral aggregation inside the channels. The experimental results indicated that the strong π-π stacking interaction between the rigid terphenyl groups, as well as hydrophilic-hydrophobic interaction of the amphiphiles, assisted in chiral arrangement in aqueous solution, and was accompanied by amplification of chirality. As a result, porous chiral channels exhibiting enhanced efficiency in asymmetric synthesis were manufactured, where enantioselectivity can be controlled by the initial structural design of amphiphiles that induce chiral aggregation behaviors. The chiral centers of SA-M1 and SA-M2 are located on hydrophobic and hydrophilic coils, respectively, while SA-M3 possesses both chiral coils. The SA-M materials proceeded with chiral aggregation and behaved efficiently for enantioselectivity. SA-M3, which contained the most chiral centers, showed the most optimal enantioselectivity with an enantiomeric excess (ee) value up to 71.75%, which occurred because of the strongly driven chiral aggregation of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic chiral coils. The covalent hybrid structures of the SA-M materials can be easily refreshed simply through washing, and exhibited excellent recyclability with negligible loss of efficiency. Therefore, the SA-M materials have the ability to provide sustainable and reliable application value for enantiomer separation.

Circ-IP6K2 suppresses tumor progression by modulating the miR-1292-5p/CAMK2N1 signal in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a malignant tumor originating from the epithelial cells of the renal tubules. The clear cell RCC subtype is closely linked to a poor prognosis due to its rapid progression. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel class of regulatory RNA molecules that play a role in the development of ccRCC, although their functions have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we identified a significant downregulation of circ-IP6K2 in ccRCC tissues based on data from the GSE100186 dataset. The decreased expression of circ-IP6K2 correlated with the progression of TNM stage and histological grade, and was also associated with decreased overall survival rates in ccRCC patients. Moreover, our findings revealed that circ-IP6K2 expression suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities in vitro, and inhibited xenograft growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circ-IP6K2 acted as a sponge for miR-1292-5p in ccRCC cells, which in turn targeted the 3'UTR of CAMK2N1, leading to a decrease in its expression. CAMK2N1 was identified as a tumor suppressor that negatively regulated the ß-catenin/c-Myc oncogenic signaling pathway. Additionally, we confirmed a positive correlation between the expression of circ-IP6K2 and CAMK2N1 in ccRCC. Circ-IP6K2 functions to impede the progression of ccRCC by modulating the miR-1292-5p/CAMK2N1 axis. These findings shed new light on the molecular mechanisms driving ccRCC progression and suggest potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of ccRCC.

Identification of hub genes and gene modules associated with Behçet's disease by weighted gene co-expression network analysis of neutrophil transcriptome.

OBJECTIVES: Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory condition with recurrent skin lesions, uveitis, and oral and genital ulcers. Neutrophils are important in the pathogenis of BD, but their molecular mechanisms are unclear. METHODS: We performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis on the transcriptome of neutrophils from 10 BD patients and 10 healthy controls to identify hub genes and gene modules associated with BD. RESULTS: We found eight co-expression modules with different biological functions. The turquoise module was involved in response to hydrogen peroxide and reactive oxygen species, the blue module was involved in response to external stimulus and inflammatory response, and the brown module was involved in the type I interferon signaling pathway. We further identified hub genes and transcription factors in each module by using module membership and gene significance. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal novel gene modules and hub genes that are associated with neutrophil activation and dysfunction in BD, which could serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this disease.

Study on the multi-lane lattice model for highways based on a novel lane-changing mechanism.

This paper reconstructs the lane-changing rules of a multi-lane highway system based on the aggressive lane-changing characteristics of actual drivers. Based on these observations, a new multi-lane lattice model is proposed. The linear stability conditions for the new model are derived. The density wave equation of the novel model is generated by exploring the evolutionary law of traffic congestion in the multi-lane highway system near the critical stability point. The correctness of the theoretical analysis results is verified using numerical simulations. The results of the study show that for a given number of multi-lane systems, the stability of the traffic flow is positively correlated with the driver's aggressiveness in changing lanes. In particular, when the adjustment intensity coefficient reaches 1, the stability of the traffic flow is optimal. On the other hand, when the lane-changing aggressiveness coefficient is kept constant, the stability of the multi-lane system increases as the number of lanes gradually increases from 1 to 4. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that the propagation range and the size of flow fluctuations can be substantially reduced by increasing the aggressiveness of lane changes as well as by increasing the number of lanes.