Application of poly(L-lactic acid)-based films for equilibrium modified atmosphere packaging of "Kyoho" grapes and its favorable protection for anthocyanins.

Grapes were packaged by different Poly (L-lactic acid)-based packaging films (PLTL-PLEL) and stored at 5 °C for 35 days to investigate the effects of equilibrium modified atmosphere packaging on the quality of "Kyoho" grapes during storage. Changes in physiochemical quality, antioxidant content and senescence of grapes were studied. Furthermore, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used to observe and identify key factors influencing the variation of grape anthocyanins under different atmosphere conditions. Alterations in gas components and enzyme activities significantly impacted anthocyanin levels, highlighting oxygen concentration as the primary influence on total anthocyanin levels. The PLTL-PLEL50 packaging resulted in an approximate 5.7% lower weight loss and increased soluble solids by approximately 14.4%, vitamin C, total phenols and flavonoids reaching 60.2 mg/100 g, 8.4 mg/100 g and 7.2 mg/100 g, respectively. This packaging also preserved higher anthocyanin levels, with malvidin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside at 0.55 µg/mL and 1.62 µg/mL, respectively, on the 35th day of storage.

A new comprehensive quantitative index for the assessment of essential amino acid quality in beef using Vis-NIR hyperspectral imaging combined with LSTM.

The quality of beef is usually predicted by measuring a single index rather than a comprehensive index. To precisely determine the essential amino acid (EAA) contents in 360 beef samples, the feasibility of optimized spectral detection techniques based on the comprehensive EAA index (CEI) and comprehensive weight index (CWI) constructed by factor analysis was explored. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) was used to analyse the mechanisms of spectral peak shifts in complex disturbance systems with CEI and CWI contents, and 15 sensitive feature variables were extracted to establish a quantitative analysis model of a long short-term memory network (LSTM). The results indicated that 2D-COS had good predictive performance in both CEI-LSTM (R2P of 0.9095 and RPD of 2.76) and CWI-LSTM (R2P of 0.8449 and RPD of 2.45), which reduced data information by 88%. This indicates that utilizing 2D-COS can eliminate collinearity and redundant information among variables while achieving data dimensionality reduction and simplification of calibration models. Furthermore, a spatial distribution map of the comprehensive EAA content was generated by combining the optimal prediction model. This study demonstrated that the comprehensive index method furnishes a new approach to rapidly evaluate EAA content.

X indening oral liquid improves cardiac function of rats with chronic cardiac failure via TGF-ß1/Smad3 and p38 MAPK pathway.

OBJECTIVE: Xindening oral liquid (Xin) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF). However, the exact mechanisms related to its therapeutic effects against CHF remain unclear. In the present study, we investigate the effects of Xin on cardiac function in CHF rats and the possible mechanisms involved. METHODS: Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was conducted to induce a CHF rat model in this study. Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups 28 days after TAC: sham; CHF model; Xin at concentrations of 5 ml/kg, 10 mL/kg, and 20 mL/kg; and QiLi 0.6 g/kg. After four weeks, the rats were treated with Xin (5, 10, or 20 mL/kg/d) for six weeks consecutively. At the end of the study, the cardiac function, heart weight index (HWI) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI), serum level of LDH, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), cTnI and CK-MB, and collagen volume fraction were studied. The expression of transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1), drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein 3 (Smad3), and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) were detected. RESULTS: The results showed that Xin treatment significantly improved cardiac function but decreased the serum level of LDH, BNP, cTnI, and CKMB of CHF rats. In addition, it reduced the HWI, LVMI, and collagen volume fraction compared with the model group. Xin treatment significantly improved cardiac function and attenuated cardiac fibrosis by suppressing the p38 MAPK and TGF-ß1/Smad3 signaling pathway in CHF rats. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that Xin might be a promising complementary treatment for CHF. More detailed experimental studies will be carried out in our subsequent research.

Inhibition of adriamycin-induced nephropathy in rats by herbs based kangshenoral solution.

The Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the progressive loss in renal function over a period. The progression of CKD will finally result the End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Symptoms which needs permanent renal replacement therapies. Therefore, control the progression of CKD is necessary. In this study, based on the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Traditional Chinese Herbology, we developed the Kangshen Oral Solution based ona combination of different herbs for extraction. By utilizing adriamycin (ARD)-induced chronic renal failure in rats as the CKD model, our results demonstrated thatadministration of the Kangshen Oral Solution reduced the kidney disease induced weight loss in rats. The Kangshen Oral Solution could also relieve the proteinuria and kidney index induced by ARD which indicated the partially restoration of the kidney function. The improved kidney function was further supported by biochemical tests for blood total protein level, albumin level as well as cholesterol, triglycerides and Creatinine. Moreover, the histology examination also confirmed the ARD induced pathological changes in kidney was relieved by Kangshen Oral Solution. Taken together, these findings suggested Kangshen Oral solution could reduce ARD-induced nephropathy in rats model and may be employed as an alternative treatment for CKD patients.

Gold-catalyzed hydration of haloalkynes to α-halomethyl ketones.

A general atom-economical approach for the synthesis of α-halomethyl ketones is demonstrated through hydration of a wide range of haloalkynes. Other outstanding features include excellent yields from both alkyl- and aryl-substituted haloalkynes and wide functional group tolerance. This protocol is an alternative to conventional α-halogenation of ketones.

[KDR silencing supresses the tumor growth of prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in nude mice].

OBJECTIVE: To study the change in the tumor growth of prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in nude mice xenografts after kinase domain receptor (KDR) silencing by RNA interference. METHODS: A total of 15 5-week-old male nude mice were randomly divided into normal PC-3 cell group (negative control), RNA interference group and pSilencer3.1-NC group, with 5 mice in every group. The nude mice were respectively treated with subcutaneous injection of 0.5 mL (2.0×10(7);/mL) normal PC-3 cells, and the same volume of PC-3 cells transfected with pSilencer3.1-KDR and pSilencer3.1-NC vectors, respectively. By measuring the tumor volumes every 3 d and the tumor weights after 4 weeks, we recorded tumor formation rate, tumor growth rate and mean tumor weight. The expression of KDR at both mRNA and protein levels was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: Tumor growth was significantly slower in the pSilencer3.1-KDR group than in the negative control group and the pSilencer3.1-NC group. After 4 weeks, the mean volume of tumor in the pSilencer3.1-KDR group was significantly smaller than that in the other two groups (0.28 cm(3); vs 0.715 cm(3); and 0.721 cm(3);, P<0.01), so was the mean weight of tumor (0.14 g vs 0.635 g and 0.648 g, P<0.01). In addition, KDR mRNA and protein expressions significantly decreased. CONCLUSION: The tumor growth in nude mice xenografts can be efficiently inhibited by KDR silencing mediated by RNAi, so the suppression of KDR expression might be a promising strategy for the treatment of human prostate cancer.

12-Chloro-6-cyclo-hexyl-5,6,7,12-tetra-hydro-dibenzo[c,f][1,5]aza-stibocine.

In the title organometallic complex, [Sb(C(20)H(23)N)Cl], the central anti-mony-containing part of the complex exhibits a pseudo-trigonal-bipyramidal geometry, where two C atoms and a lone electron pair of the Sb atom exist at the equatorial positions, while the N and Cl atoms are located at the apical positions, and a transannular inter-action exists between the Sb and N atoms on 1,5-aza-stibocine. Inter-molecular C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds are also observed.