Cell proliferation and apoptosis in canine oral papillomatosis.

This study was aimed at the evaluation of cell proliferation, p53 level and apoptotic index by immunohistochemical methods in canine oral papillomatosis. The study material comprised of tumor tissue samples taken from six dogs being admitted to the Pathology Department of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Türkiye. Choice of immunohistochemical staining was avidin-biotin peroxidase method. Cases of canine oral papillomatosis, determined to have been caused by canine papillomavirus-1, were found to have a rather high cell proliferation index. Furthermore, all cases were immunohisto-chemically demonstrated to carry a mutant p53 gene. Despite the mutation of p53 gene, the shift in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio of dogs diagnosed with tumor was in favor of the pro-apoptotic Bax gene. The apoptotic mechanism was determined to occur through both the caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways. While the lesions occupied the entire oral cavity in some cases, histopathologically, malignant transformation was not detected in any of the six cases.

Cytokine profile in lambs naturally infected with sheeppox virus.

In this study, in order to reveal the immune response against the disease in naturally infected sheep with SPPV, the expressions of various pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-1beta (IL-1ß), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) were evaluated immunohistochemically. The material of this study consisted of tissue samples taken from 24 sheep, which were brought as dead for routine histopathological examination to the Department of Pathology. Avidin-biotin-peroxidase method was used for immunohistochemistry. Characteristic pox lesions were observed in the skin, lungs and kidneys. In histopathological examinations, pox cells, which are very characteristic for the diagnosis of the disease, were observed in all three tissues. Capripoxvirus nucleic acid was detected in 8 of the 24 tissues. Samples were sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed with reference strains from GenBank. Strains from the study clustered with sheeppox virus references. In conclusion, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-8 and IL12 (Th1) were much more dominant compared to the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines: IL-10 and IL-6 (Th2). This supported the fact that the cellular immune response is much more effective than the humoral immune response in sheeppox.

Evaluation of the relationship between inflammatory reaction and interleukins in ovine pulmonary adenocarcinomas.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the association between inflammatory reaction of tumoral microenvironments with interleukin responses in ovine pulmonary adenocarcinomas (OPAs). Material of the study consisted of 26 sheep lung tissue samples being brought to the Pathology Department for routine diagnosis. Cases were collected between years 2009 - 2021; pre-diagnosis was based on clinical symptoms, anamnesis and gross lesion of the lungs. These tissues were designated in two groups as control (n = 6) and OPA (n = 20) groups. Choice of immunohistochemical staining was avidin-biotin peroxidase method. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to confirm Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus from paraffin-embedded tissues. On gross examination of OPAs, lesions seen were mostly in the caudal lobes of the lung, 1.00 - 2.00 cm in diameter as gray-white consolidated foci and in microscopic observation, tumor cells showed acinar, papillary or mixed growths. No expressions of interleukin (2 and 8) were observed in the control group. All OPAs cases were positive for interleukins (2 and 8) expressions. A total of eight tissue samples were detected as positives through RT-PCR. In conclusion, in this study, it was determined that interleukin-2 and interleukin-8 were produced from tumor microenvironment elements, especially tumor-associated macrophages, and these interleukins showed pro-inflammatory effects. Interleukins and the inflammatory reaction may promote the development of OPA.

Repigmentation and curling of hair after acitretin therapy.

Drug-induced hair colour and texture changes have been reported rarely. We describe a 70-year-old woman with psoriasis who noticed darkening of her previously white hair, which also gained a curly appearance after 6 months of acitretin treatment. We present this case to emphasize that acitretin can be added to the list of drugs that induce changes in hair colour and texture.

Can topical calcipotriol be a treatment alternative in actinic keratoses? A preliminary report.

BACKGROUND: Recent research demonstrated that vitamin D, apart from calcium-related actions, has antiproliferative, prodifferentia-tive and immunomodulatory activities. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether actinic keratoses may benefit from the antiproliferative and prodifferentiative effects of topical vitamin D. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was an investigator-blinded, half-side comparison trial. Patients applied calcipotriol cream to one side and Ultrabase cream as placebo to the other side of the scalp and/or face for 12 weeks. The total number of actinic keratoses (AKs), diameters and total scores of the target lesions were determined at each visit. RESULTS: Nine patients were included, eight of whom completed the treatment. There was a statistically significant difference between the total number of AKs at baseline and at week 12 on calcipotriol applied side whereas no difference was detected on placebo applied side (p = 0.028 vs p = 1.00). The mean total score of the target lesions reduced significantly at week 12 on calcipotriol side; however, no significant reduction was found on placebo side (p = 0.017 vs p = 0.056). Although side effects were more common on calcipotriol side, the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Topical calcipotriol may show promise in the treatment of actinic keratoses. More studies are needed to confirm its efficacy.