RESUMO
The ecological environment of Poyang Lake basin is an important part of the construction of ecological civilizations in the south of China. Based on the Landsat satellite remote sensing images, using the principal component analysis (PCA) method to construct the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) as an evaluation index of ecological environment quality, introducing the Geodetector model to quantitatively detect the explanatory power of different influencing factors on the spatial divergence of the ecological environment, and exploring the changes in ecological environment quality in the Poyang Lake basin from 1990 to 2020 and the impact of different driving factors. The results of the study showed that there were obvious regional differences in the ecological environment quality in the basin. The areas with bad and poor ecological quality were mainly distributed in the central and northern plains; the areas with high and good quality grades were mainly distributed in the hilly and mountainous region of the southwestern part of the basin; the overall ecological environment of the Poyang Lake basin has been improving over the past 30 years; and the improved areas were mainly distributed in low-altitude areas. Geodetector results showed that population density was the factor with the highest explanatory power for the spatial divergence of ecological environment quality in the Poyang Lake basin. Among different natural factors, topographic factors (slope, aspect) had a higher driving force than meteorological factors (temperature, precipitation). The night light index factor showed an increasing yearly trend, indicating that the ecological environment quality of the Poyang Lake basin was gradually increased due to the influence of urbanization development. The construction of the RSEI model based on Google Earth Engine could not only effectively ensure the accuracy of ecological environment quality evaluation in different years but could also quickly realize image preprocessing and index calculations, which greatly improved the efficiency of ecological environment evaluation. These research results can provide a theoretical basis and scientific data support for the ecological environment protection work in the Poyang Lake basin.