[Characteristics of genioglossus neuromuscular activity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea during drug-induced sleep].

Objective: To analyze genioglossus (GG) activation responses to the negative pressure of upper airway cavity during awake and different sleep stages in patients with different obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) graduation. Methods: This prospective cohort study started from August 2019 to January 2021, recruited 42 male OSA patients aged from 21 to 59 (38.77±8.42) years. After completing whole night polysomnography (PSG) and upper airway CT, each subject underwent drug-induced sleep with simultaneous monitoring of genioglossal electromyography (GGEMG) and pressure of epiglottis (Pepi). Subjects were divided into three groups of mild OSA(7 males), moderate OSA(12 males), and severe OSA(23 males). The differences in upper airway CT measurements, parameters of GGEMG and Pepi during awake and induced sleep were compared. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS 21.0. Results: There was no significant difference in the GGEMG parameters between the mild and moderate groups. In wakefulness, the peak phasic GGEMG of the severe group was higher than the mild group (t=1.249, P=0.025), with no statistically difference in the corresponding Pepi. In the sleep onset, the GGEMG parameters and Pepi in severe group were higher than the other two groups. Linear regression analysis of the maximum GGEMG and maximum Pepi at the end of obstructive apnea (OA) in all moderate plus severe patients (n=35) was shown nonlinear correlation (r=0.28, P=0.694). The airway length of the glossopharyngeal cavity was linearly correlated with the maximum Pepi of OA (r=0.468, R2=0.219, P=0.005). Conclusions: The individual difference of GG activation in OSA patients is related to the severity of the disease (frequency of respiratory events) and negative pressure stimulation. In moderate and severe OSA patients, GG activity is not in harmony with the corresponding negative pressure stimulation, which may be one of the mechanisms leading to the aggravation of OSA.

[Effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure ventilation in improving genioglossus electromyography in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea].

Objective: To compare the changes of genioglossus electromyography (GGEMG) with and without continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation in moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Methods: Each of subjects, including male snorers and non-snorers, underwent polysomnography (PSG) with synchronous GGEMG recording with intra-oral bipolar silver ball electrodes at the Sleep Center of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from August 2016 to Sepember 2017. Manual CPAP pressure titration and with GGEMG were performed in patients diagnosed moderate to severe OSA. T-test was used to compare the changes of GGEMG in OSA group (n=12, AHI (65.90+23.67) events/h) and control group (n=6, AHI(2.30+1.93) events/h) before and after CPAP treatment. Results: Variables of GGEMG (including tonic, peak and phasic GGEMG) were higher in OSA group than in control group during both wakefulness and non rapid eye movement(NREM) sleep. However, with CPAP treatment, the GGEMG variables were significantly decreased in OSA group during NREM sleep(tonic GGEMG: 1.23%±0.73% vs. 2.54%±1.12%, t=4.024, P=0.002; peak GGEMG: 12.37%±13.19% vs. 26.98%±15.52%, t=2.795, P=0.017; phasic GGEMG: 3.81%±2.47% vs. 8.82%±3.84%, t=5.113, P<0.001). Conclusions: CPAP treatment can eliminate respiratory events and maintain airway patency. It is helpful to normalize the excessive GGEMG response in OSA patients during sleep, which has therapeutic significance to alleviate and prevent genioglossal neuromuscular lesions.

[Analysis of polysomnography results between pre- and post-operation in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome patients].

Objective: To determine the objective effects of adenotonsillectomy on pediatric obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) through analyzing the polysomnography (PSG) results between pre and post-operation. Methods: A total of 56 pediatric OSAHS patients were included who underwent adenoidectomy or/and tonsillectomy and completed PSG follow-up from January 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018. All the pediatric patients who underwent adenoidectomy or/and tonsillectomy during the research period were arranged to take a preoperative PSG study. Patients who were diagnosed OSAHS would be encouraged to complete a follow-up PSG study ranged from1 to 3 months after surgery. The parameters of respiration and sleep architecture of PSG were compared and analyzed. The paired student t test was used to compare preoperative and postoperative mean values. The unpaired student t test was used to compare quantitative variables among different groups. The rank sum test was used if the data were abnormal distribution. Results: Totally 238 patients completed preoperative PSG study, 62 patients were diagnosed as pediatric OSAHS, 56 eligible patients finished post-operative PSG. Hypopnea was the majority in all type of respiratory events in 56.45% (35/62) subjects, while central apnea as the majority in 29.03% (18/62) subjects who can also get significant CAI decrease after surgery. However, obstructive apnea as the majority only exist in 14.52% (9/62) subjects. The short-term cure rate of pediatric OSAHS was 85.71% (48/56). The postoperative AHI, MAI, CAI, HI, ODI, LoSpO(2), percentage of stage I sleep and arousal index were significantly decreased, however, the OAI was no statistical decrease. The percentage of stage Ⅱ and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were significantly increased, while no significant change in percentage of slow wave sleep and sleep efficiency(t=2.32, P=0.017). Conclusions: Pediatric OSAHS manifest different characteristics of respiratory events from that of adults. Adenotonsillectomy can significant decrease respiratory events and improve sleep architecture, however, there are still some patients who can't be completely relieved with adenotonsillectomy.

A comparison of clinical efficacy and economic value in Basalin- and Lantus-treated patients with type 2 diabetes using continuous glucose monitoring system.

AIM: To determine the clinical non-inferiority of recombinant glargine-Basalin vs glargine-Lantus, in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). METHODS: One hundred patients with T2DM were recruited. They were either regularly taking Basalin (Basalin group) or Lantus (Lantus group) (n = 50 each). CGMS was employed to real-time monitor blood glucose profile for 4 days (from day 1 to day 5). To exclude the effect of patient background, the study design was to have a blinded crossover from glargine-Basalin to glargine-Lantus on day 3, and vice versa. 24-hour mean blood glucose (24hMBG), 24-hour standard deviation of blood glucose (24hSDBG), 24-hour mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (24hMAGE), and number of glycemic excursion (NGE) every 24 h (24hNGE) were calculated for each glargine from 100 patients. RESULTS: No significant difference of 24hMBG, 24hSDBG, 24hMAGE, and 24hNGE (p > 0.05 for all) was found between Basalin and Lantus treatments. The glucose area under the curve and time when blood glucose was below 3.9 mmol/L, between 3.9 and 10.0 mmol/L, or above 10.0 mmol/L were similar between Basalin and Lantus treatment. The frequency of hypoglycemic episodes was also similar. However, the mean cost of Basalin was only 72% of Lantus's in one treatment course. CONCLUSION: Glargine-Basalin is non-inferior in clinical efficacy compared to glargine-Lantus. In view of the large difference in the cost of glargine-Basalin, it would be much more cost-effective for our patients.

The ground state van der Waals potentials of the strontium dimer and strontium rare-gas complexes.

The entire ground state potential energy curve of the strontium dimer is accurately described by the Tang-Toennies potential model defined by the three dispersion coefficients and two well parameters. The predicted vibrational frequency, anharmonicity, and vibration-rotation coupling constant are in excellent agreement with experiment. The Sr(2) reduced potential is almost identical to that of Ca(2) and Hg(2), providing further evidence to the conjecture that the van der Waals dimer potentials of group IIA and group IIB elements have the same shape, which is different from that of rare-gas dimers. The potentials of Sr-RG complexes (RG=He,Ne,Ar,Kr,Xe) are generated by the same potential model with its parameters calculated with combining rules. These potentials are shown to have the same shape which is between that of the strontium and rare-gas dimers.

[Relationship between syndrome differentiation-typing and expression of platelet-activation molecule CD62P and CD63 on platelets in psoriatic patients].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the relationship between Syndrome Differentiation- Typing and platelet activation in psoriatic patients. METHODS: Expression of platelet-activation molecules CD62P (alpha-granule membrane glycoprotein) and CD63 (lysosomal integral membrane protein) on platelets from 36 psoriatic patients with Syndrome Differentiation-Typing in TCM and 31 health subjects were investigated by using flow cytometry and specific monoclonal antibodies against activated platelet. RESULTS: (1) Increased expression of CD62P and CD63 on platelets from psoriatic patients was observed (P < 0.001); (2) The expression of CD62P and CD63 was in following order: The group of Blood Stasis > Blood Dryness > Blood Heat; (3) Compared with the group of Blood Heat, increased expression of CD62P and CD63 was observed in the group of Blood Dryness (P < 0.001); (4) Compared with the group of Blood Dryness, increased expression of CD62P and CD63 was observed in the group of Blood Stasis (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The platelet activation might play an important role in higher blood viscosity, endothelial cell injury, abnormal microcirculation, which was correlated with Blood Stasis, found in psoriasis.

[A model atlas of the crude drug Radix Ophiopogonis in tri-dimensional computer reconstraction from their serial transections].

In this paper, the tri-dimensional computer reconstruction and animated display from the serial transections of the crude drugs Radix Ophiopogonis and Radix Liriopes have been achieved. Accordingly, some tri-dimensional image techniques and information for the computer aided teaching and identification of pharmacognosy have been offered.

[Quantitative analysis of the cellular DNA and RNA contents of hydatidiform mole and its clinical significance].

The cellular DNA and RNA contents of 152 patients with hydatidiform moles (69 benign and 83 malignant) were analysed by flow cytometry (FCM), and strict follow-up was implemented. The chorionic villi of twelve cases in early pregnancy were used as normal control and another 12 cases of choriocarcinoma as positive control. Retrospective as well as prospective studies were conducted. The results showed that the accuracy rates of diagnosis of DNA aneuploid and RNA were respectively 66.7% and 82.6% in benign moles, 68.7% and 81.9% in invasive moles. Statistically the RNA parameter was significantly more sensitive the DNA parameter (P < 0.05). Analysis with both RNA and DNA parameters in predicting malignancy, the accuracy rate was 94.0%. Our study suggests that both the aneuploidy DNA and RNA contents may be important indicators for forecasting malignant change. The RNA parameter is more sensitive than the DNA parameter, and the use of both parameters is more accurate than either one alone. In addition, the concept of "standard DNA index" is raised.

[Systematic concept and development model for the production base of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Madino].

Based on the theories and methods of systematic engineering, the economic, ecological and social benefits of the whole set of regenerating techniques for Gynostemma pentaphyllum are evaluated comprehensively under the consideration of modern agroforestry and stereoscopic agriculture. As a result of the evaluation an optimal model of artificial complex ecosystem circulation for the agricultural-forestry-medicinal materials in the production base of Gynostemma pentaphyllum is selected.

[Agronomic standardization of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino].

In this paper, the simulation models for 3 main agronomic measures, plants/mu, cuttage date and supplement of nitrogen that affect the yield and economic effect of Genostemma:pentaphyllum, are analyzed by the quadratic orthogonal rotative regression design. As a result of the analysis optimal agronomic combination models are suggested.

[Intercropping techniques for Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino].

By the grey correlational analysis and AHP method, the economic, ecological and social benefits of some combination models for intercropping Gynostemma pentaphyllum are evaluated. As a result of the evaluation optimal combination models and management measures are presented.

Flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA and RNA contents of hydatidiform mole. Two significant parameters indicating malignant nature and prognosis.

The cellular DNA and RNA contents of trophoblastic tissue of 86 patients with trophoblastic disease and chorionic tissue of 10 patients in early pregnancy were analysed by flow cytometry (FCM) and strict follow-up was carried out. The result showed the rate of accurate diagnosis by DNA and RNA determinations were 60.0% and 85.7% respectively in benign moles; 86.7% and 86.7% in invasive moles; and 100% and 100% in choriocarcinoma. Statistically the pseudopositive percentage of RNA was clearly lower than that of DNA (0.01 < P < 0.05). In addition, the trophoblastic cells in curetted molar tissue and the uterine tissue later proved by surgery of 10 invasive moles were simultaneously assayed for comparing their DNA and RNA contents, showing statistical significance (P < 0.001). The DNA and RNA contents in different cellular cycles were analysed by FCM and there was no statistical significance among benign, malignant moles and choriocarcinoma (P > 0.05). Our study suggests that aneuploidy DNA content may be an indicator for malignant tendency and the RNA parameter rather than DNA is more sensitive for the prognosis of hydatidiform mole.