[Effect of IL-8 on the Immune Function of Patients with Acute -Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Its Mechanism].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of interleukin -8 (IL-8) on immune function in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients and its related mechanisms. METHODS: Forty-five ALL patients were selected from January 2014 to September 2017 in our hospital. Out of them, 32 relieved patients were included in group A, 13 patients did not relieved patients after treatment and were included in the group B. The serum IL-8 level was detected by ELISA.Th1 and Th2 cells were measured by flow cytometry. After Th cells were treated with different concentration of IL-8, the Western blot was used to detect the translation levels of p-STAT3 and JAK in cells. RESULTS: The difference of white blood cell count and clinical risk level between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The serum IL-8 levels in group A and B were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The serum IL-8 level in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (P<0.05). After treatment, the level of Th1 cells in group B was 6.15%±1.22%, significantly lower than that in group A (P<0.05), and Th2 cell level in group B was 2.76%±0.24%, significantly higher than that in group A (P<0.05); Th1/Th2 in group B was 2.23%±0.09, significantly lower than that in group A (P<0.05). The protein level of p-STAT3 and JAK in the Th cells was lower than that in control group at different levels of IL-8 after treatment (P<0.05). After stimulating Th cells with 20 ng/ml IL-8, the levels of p-STAT3 and JAK protein in cells were lower than those after 10 ng/ml IL-8 treatment (P<0.05). IL-8 level had no significant effect on the protein expression of STAT3 in Th cells (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: IL-8 can interfere the balance of Th1/Th2 through STAT3 signaling pathway, and has effect on the immune function of ALL patients.

Medical insurance anti-fraud mechanism from the perspective of cooperative governance: In-ternational experience and implications / 中国卫生政策研究

With the rapid development of China's social insurance,the phenomenon of medical insurance fraud is also increasing,which seriously threatens the comprehensive operation of health insurance funds and medical insur-ance system. Because of the cooperation between the government and the market,Europe & US have accumulated a lot of experience and achieved considerable success in anti-medical fraud as the"harder-hit area"in insurance fraud. This paper discusses the anti-fraud mechanism of foreign medical insurance to establish medical anti-fraud agencies within the government,and give full play to the complementary role of non-profit organizations to strengthen the con-trol and supervision of medical insurance and health care institutions and uses modern information technology to im-prove anti-fraud level.

Eugenol confers resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) by regulating the expression of SlPer1 in tomato plants.

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most devastating plant diseases, and poses a significant agricultural concern because of the lack of an efficient control method. Eugenol is a plant-derived natural compound that has been widely used as a food additive and in medicine. In the present study, we demonstrated the potential of eugenol to enhance the resistance of tomato plants to TYLCV. The anti-TYLCV efficiency of eugenol was significantly higher than that of moroxydine hydrochloride (MH), a widely used commercial antiviral agent. Eugenol application stimulated the production of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and salicylic acid (SA) in tomato plants. The full-length cDNA of SlPer1, which has been suggested to be a host R gene specific to TYLCV, was isolated from tomato plants. A sequence analysis suggested that SlPer1 might be a nucleobase-ascorbate transporter (NAT) belonging to the permease family. The transcript levels of SlPer1 increased markedly in response to treatment with eugenol or TYLCV inoculation. The results of this study also showed that SlPer1 expression was strongly induced by SA, MeJA (jasmonic acid methyl ester), and NO. Thus, we propose that the increased transcription of SlPer1 contributed to the high anti-TYLCV efficiency of eugenol, which might involve in the generation of endogenous SA and NO. Such findings provide the basis for the development of eugenol as an environmental-friendly agricultural antiviral agent.

Limit of Riemann solutions to the nonsymmetric system of Keyfitz-Kranzer type.

The limit of Riemann solutions to the nonsymmetric system of Keyfitz-Kranzer type with a scaled pressure is considered for both polytropic gas and generalized Chaplygin gas. In the former case, the delta shock wave can be obtained as the limit of shock wave and contact discontinuity when u - > u + and the parameter ϵ tends to zero. The point is, the delta shock wave is not the one of transport equations, which is obviously different from cases of some other systems such as Euler equations or relativistic Euler equations. For the generalized Chaplygin gas, unlike the polytropic or isothermal gas, there exists a certain critical value ϵ 2 depending only on the Riemann initial data, such that when ϵ drops to ϵ 2, the delta shock wave appears as u - > u +, which is actually a delta solution of the same system in one critical case. Then as ϵ becomes smaller and goes to zero at last, the delta shock wave solution is the exact one of transport equations. Furthermore, the vacuum states and contact discontinuities can be obtained as the limit of Riemann solutions when u - < u + and u - = u +, respectively.