Epidemiological investigation on chronic kidney disease in hypertension and diabetes mellitus patients in Kunming urban community / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the epidemiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Kunming urban area.Methods A multistage cluster randomized sampling method was used to collect 400 randomly selected patients (community managed hypertension and diabetes mellitus) in community service centers in the 4 main urban districts of Kunming,Yunnan province.The subjects were screened for CKD by questionnaires,physical examinations,and microalbuminuria tests.Results A total of 343 people were surveyed.The prevalence of albuminuria,proteinuria by routine urinalysis,decreased glomerular filtration rate,and CKD prevalence were respectively 37.3％,12.2％,5.0％ and 39.1％.A total of 134 patients with CKD (134/343) were screened.Logistic regression analysis showed male (OR=2.312,95％CI 1.325-4.037,P=0.003),hyperuricemia (OR=1.751,95％ CI 1.109-2.765,P=0.016) and obesity (OR=2.150,95％ CI 1.115-4.146,P=0.022) were related to CKD.Conclusions The prevalences of CKD and albuminuria are 39.1％ and 37.3％ in patients with chronic diseases (hypertension and diabetes) in the main urban community of Kunming,Yunnan.Hyperuricemia,male and obesity are independent risk factors for CKD.

Determination of the Genotoxicity Impurity in Mesylate Nafamostat Raw Materia by GC-MS / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for determination the genotoxicity impurities (methyl methanesulfonate,ethyl methanesulfonate and isopropyl methanesulfonate) in mesylate nafamostat raw materia. METHODS:GC-MS was conducted,and the genotoxicity impurities were extracted by dichloromethane. The column was DB-5 capillary column by programmed tempera-ture,the inlet temperature was 240 ℃,column flow was 3.0 ml/min,purge flow was 6.0 ml/min,sample mode splitless injection, carrier gas was high purity helium,detector is a mass spectrometer detector,ion source temperature was 230 ℃,the interface tem-perature was 230 ℃,the delay time of solvent was 2.5 min,ionization mode was electron impact,detector voltage was respect to the tuning results,scanning(detection)method was selective ion monitoring,electron energy was 70 eV,and the injection volume was 1.0μl. RESULTS:The separation degree of 3 impurities were greater than 2.0;the linear range of 3 impurities were 0.10-20μg/ml (r≥0.999 5);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2%;recoveries were 97.7%-104.8%(RSD=2.8%, n=9),102.5%-110.7%(RSD=2.6%,n=9)and 103.0%-107.6%(RSD=1.6%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple, accurate,sensitive and rapid,and can be used for the genotoxicity impurities in mesylate nafamostat raw materia.

Simultaneous Determination of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids in Herba Gnaphalium Affinis by HPLC / 中国药师

Objective:To develop an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of flavonoids and phenolic acids in Herba Gnaphalium Affinis. Methods:The analysis was carried out on a Diamonsil C18 column (200 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5μm) with gradient elu-tion using methanol-0. 4% phosphoric acid as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 and the detection wavelength was 327 nm for flavonoids and 360nm for phenolic acids,the column temperature was 30℃, and the sample size was 10 μl. Results:The calibration curves were linear over the range of 0. 041-0. 821 μg for chlorogenic acidrutin, 0. 127-2. 549 μg for 3, 5-O-dicaffeoyl quin-ic acid, 0. 020-0. 411 μg for quercetin and 0. 040-0. 806μg for luteolin. The average recovery was 98. 31% ( RSD = 1. 19%), 97. 51%(RSD=1. 52%), 98. 29%(RSD=1. 22%) and 98. 73%(RSD=1. 47%), respectively. Conclusion:The described meth-od is simple and reproducible, which can be used for the quality control of Herba Gnaphalium Affinis.

Progress in algorithms of microorganism detection based on high throughput sequencing data / 军事医学

The development of high throughput sequencing technology has promoted the development of many related spheres of research .Many research institutions are studying algorithms of microorganism detection using high throughput se -quencing data .Some algorithms have already been designed and published .In this paper , we investigated the literature re-garding the use of high throughput sequencing data for microorganism detection , studied the function and workflow of four released algorithms of microorganism detection based on high throughput sequencing data , and analyzed their advantages and disadvantages.Finally, we summarized how these detection algorithms were designed and classified them before we proposed ways of improvement .

Antitussive activity comparison of three kinds of Stemonae Radix in Chinese Pharmacopoeia / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the antitussive activity of three kinds of Stemonae Radix specified in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, including roots of Stemona sessilifolia, S. japonica and S. tuberosa.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The antitussive activity was determined in mouse after cough induction by ammonia aerosol stimulation and the number of cough in 2 min were detected with codeine as positive control.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>All the decoctions, the total alkaloid fractions and non-alkaloid fractions of S. sessilifolia, S. japonica and three chemical types of S. tuberosa showed significant antitussive effect and exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of coughing. The ED50 values showed that the antitussive activity strength for both total alkaloid fractions and the decoctions are: S. tuberosa (Type I) > S. sessilifolia > S. japonica. The total alkaloid fractions had more potent atitussive activity than the decoctions and non-alkaloid fractions. The antitussive activity strength for the three chemical types of S. tuberosa is: Type I > Type III > Type II. The samples from different producing areas for the same species of Stemonae Radix had no significant differences in antitussive activity. The result also showed that the honey-processed slice had much stronger antitussive activity than raw slice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The antitussive efficacies of Stemonae Radix were influenced by chemical diversity both in same species and among different species, different fractions and processed method.</p>

Effects and mechanisms of pidotimod on expression of TNF-? and IL-6 in immune-depressed mice spleen / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To study the influence of injection agent of pidotimod on function of the immune-system in normal and immune-depressed mice, and to investigate the mechanisms of the immunomodulating action of pidotimod. METHODS: The expressions of TNF-? and IL-6 in mice spleen was detected by RT-PCR method. The effects of pidotimod on phagocytosis functions of mice peritoneal exudate cells was investigated by neutral red phagocytosis. The lymphocyte proliferations induced by Con A or LPS were detected by MTT method. Adopt the serum haemolysis to measure the production of serum antibody. RESULTS: The normal and immune-depressed mice were treated for 14 days with different dosages of pidotimod by injection. Pidotimod can significantly increase the expressions of TNF-? and IL-6 of spleen, potentiate phagocytosis of the peritoneal exudate cells, potentiate the lymphocyte proliferations ability induced by Con A or LPS. CONCLUSION: Pidotimod can potentiate amelioration normal and immune-depressed mice immunesystem function and increase expressions of TNF-? and IL-6 of spleen.