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The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) issued a significant and urgent threat to global health. The exact animal origin of SARS-CoV-2 remains obscure and understanding its host range is vital for preventing interspecies transmission. Previously, we have assessed the target cell profiles of SARS-CoV-2 in pets, livestock, poultry and wild animals. Herein, we expand this investigation to a wider range of animal species and viruses to provide a comprehensive source for large-scale screening of potential virus hosts. Single cell atlas for several mammalian species (alpaca, hamster, hedgehog, chinchilla etc.), as well as comparative atlas for lung, brain and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for various lineages of animals were constructed, from which we systemically analyzed the virus entry factors for 113 viruses over 20 species from mammalians, birds, reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates. Conserved cellular connectomes and regulomes were also identified, revealing the fundamental cell-cell and gene-gene cross-talks between these species. Overall, our study could help identify the potential host range and tissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and a diverse set of viruses and reveal the host-virus co-evolution footprints.
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A few animals have been suspected to be intermediate hosts of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, a large-scale single-cell screening of SARS-CoV-2 target cells on a wide variety of animals is missing. Here, we constructed the single-cell atlas for 11 representative species in pets, livestock, poultry, and wildlife. Notably, the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 target cells in cat was found considerably higher than other species we investigated and SARS-CoV-2 target cells were detected in multiple cell types of domestic pig, implying the necessity to carefully evaluate the risk of cats during the current COVID-19 pandemic and keep pigs under surveillance for the possibility of becoming intermediate hosts in future coronavirus outbreak. Furthermore, we screened the expression patterns of receptors for 144 viruses, resulting in a comprehensive atlas of virus target cells. Taken together, our work provides a novel and fundamental strategy to screen virus target cells and susceptible species, based on single-cell transcriptomes we generated for domesticated animals and wildlife, which could function as a valuable resource for controlling current pandemics and serve as an early warning system for coping with future infectious disease threats.
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Objective To explore a rapid, convenient and non-polluting method of collecting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)in Sprague Dawley(SD)rats for beginners. Methods Forty-five SD rats were divided into three groups—group 1(collecting CSF through neck muscles), group 2(collecting CSF through skin directly), and group 3(collecting CSF through endorhachis). Results The successful rate of the CSF collection in the group 1 was 86.7%, group 2 was 46.7%,and group 3 is 33.3%. Conclusions The modified collection method of CSF by cisterna puncture through neck muscles in SD rats is simple,convenient,efficient and non-polluting,and is especially suitable for beginners.
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The paper uses computer multimedia technology to collect and switch audio and video signals, constructs the remote High Definition ( HD) surgery demonstration system which supports live broadcast, recorded broadcast, rebroadcast and video-on-demand depending on the network communication routing technology.It introduces functions, design scheme and composition of the system and points out that the system can realize HD video transmission and video talkback between the surgery scene and the classroom.Thus, tech-nical level of clinical surgery teaching can be enhanced.
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Identifying the similarity and differences of malpractice,medical negligence and medical error has realistic meaning to deal with medical disputes efficiently.They are all subjective negligence and belong to the category of medical behavior.This paper mainly discussed the criteria and civil liability of their differences.
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With the aid of scientific research management information system, we established an in-formation management for the scientific research funds. The structure,function and application of the system were introduced in this paper.
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This article presented the idea of implementation for the general hospital scientific research management information system.Based on the network and database,the scientific research management information system was constructed by analysis on the operation process of it;the information management of the scientific research management was implemented.This modern scientific research management information would improve the hospital scientific research management level.
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Objective To investigate the risk factors of death in patients with acute stroke in the neurological intensive care unit(NICU). Methods The clinical data of 137 patients with acute stroke in the NICU were induced. The risk factors were analysed by univariate and multi-variate Logistic regression analysis.Results There were 13 risk factors including age, coma, hyperpyrexia, pulmonary disease, atrial fibrilation/cardiac dilatation, stroke history, mechanical ventilation, brain midline shift, initial serum glucose, APACHEⅡscores, feeding tube, urethral catheter and concurrent pulmonary infection which had statistical significance between the death group and survive group,by univariate analysis(P
