[Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo 2011-2012]. / Épidémie de poliovirus circulants dérivés de souches vaccinales de type 2 en République démocratique du Congo de 2011 à 2012.

According to the WHO records of 2013, the incidence of poliomyelitis was reduced by more than 99%, the number of endemic countries decreased from 125 in 1988 to 3 in 2013 and over 10 million cases were prevented from poliomyelitis thanks to the intensive use of Oral polio vaccine (OPV). However, the emergence of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus strains (cVDPV), causing serious epidemics like the wild poliovirus, is a major challenge on the final straight towards the goal of eradication and OPV cessation. This paper describes the cVDPVoutbreak that occurred in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) from November 2011 to April 2012. All children under 15 years of age with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and confirmed presence of cVDPV in the stool samples were included. Thirty (30) children, all from the administrative territories of Bukama and Malemba Nkulu in the Katanga Province (south-east DRC), were reported. The virus responsible was the cVDPV type 2 (0.7% -3.5% divergent from the reference Sabin 2 strain) in 29 children (97%) and the ambiguous vaccine-derived poliovirus strain (0.7% divergent) was confirmed in one case (3%), a boy seventeen months old and already vaccinated four times with OPV. Twentyfive children (83%) were protected by any of the routine EPI vaccines and 3 children (10%) had never received any dose of OPV. In reaction, DRC has conducted five local campaigns over a period of 10 months (from January to October 2012) and the epidemic was stopped after the second round performed in March 2012. As elsewhere in similar conditions, low immunization coverage, poor sanitation conditions and the stop of the use of OPV2 have favoured the emergence of the third cVDPV epidemic in DRC. The implementation of the Strategic Plan for Polio eradication and endgame strategic plan 2013-2018 will prevent the emergence of cVDPV and set up the conditions for a coordinated OPV phase out.

[Virological surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis in Democratic Republic of Congo from 1997-2001]. / Surveillance virologique des paralysies flasques aiguës en République démocratique du Congo (RDC) 1997-2001.

The purpose of this report is to describe the results of virological surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), a war-torn country. A total of 3658 stool samples were collected from patients with AFP in provinces under government control and processed as recommended by WHO. The number of specimens tested increased from 32 in 1997 to 2471 in 2001 as the national epidemiologic surveillance program for AFP improved. The national reference laboratory accredited in 1999 was appraised on the basis of the annual rate of non-polio enterovirus isolation which rose from 10% in 1999 to 20% in 2001 and by the percentage of lab results reported within 28 days which rose from 50% in 1999 to over the 80% threshold required by WHO in 2001. From 1997 to 2001, 68 strains of wild poliovirus were isolated including 52 type 1 strains, one type 2 strain and 15 type 3 strains. Most cases of poliomyelitis (81%) reported between 1997 and 2001 involved children aged 0 to 5 years. Only 12% of cases involved children aged 6 to 14 years and 3% involved young adults. Sixty-seven percent of the 45 poliomyelitis patients with documented vaccine status had received 0 to 3 doses of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Fifteen children (33%) developed the disease despite having received more than 4 required doses of OPV. Since 1997 three provinces of DRC, ie., Bas-Congo, Kinshasa city and Nord-Kivu, have been free of wild poliovirus. In 2001 wild poliovirus circulation had been stopped throughout the country thanks to implementation of routine immunization and especially of the national immunization days (NIDs) program.

Surveillance virologique des paralysies flasques aiguës en Republique Démocratique du Congo (RDC) 1997-2001

Lesauteursrap p o rtent les résultatsde l'analyse de la surveillance viro l ogiquedespara lysies flasques aiguës (PFA )en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC),pays longtemps ravagé par des conflits armés. Au total,3658 échantillons deselles de cas de PFA en provenance des provinces sous contrôle gouvernemental,ont été analysés selon les méthodes recom-mandées par l'OMS. L' a m é l i o ration de la surveillance épidémiologique des PFA s'est traduite par l'accroissement sensible dunombre d'échantillons traités qui est passé de 32 en 1997 à 2471 en 2001. Les performances du laboratoire national de réfé-rence accrédité en 1999,ontétéappréciées par le taux annuel d'isolement desentérov i rusnon poliov i rus qui estpassé de10%en 1999 à 20% en 2001,et par le rendu des résultats qui est passé de 50% en 1999 pour dépasser en 2001 le seuil de 80% exigépar l'OMS. De 1997 à 2001,68 souches de poliovirus sauvages ont été isolées dont 52 souches de type 1,une souche de type 2et 15de type 3. Quat re-vingt un pour cent des casdepoliomyélitesurve nus entre 1997 et 2001ontétéobservés chezdes enfa n t sâgés de 0 à 5 ans. Seulement 12% ont été détectés chez des enfants âgés de 6 à 14 ans contre 3% chez de jeunes adolescents.Soixante-sept pour cent des 45 sujets atteints de poliomyélite et dont l'état vaccinal était connu,avaient reçu 0 à 3 doses devaccinanti-poliomyélitiqueoral. Parcontre15sujets(33%) bien qu'ayant reçuplusde4 dosesrequises deva c c i n ,avaient quandmême développélamaladie. Depuis1997,t roisprovinces dela RDC sontexemptesde poliov i russauvage :la ville deKinshasa,leBas-Congoet leNord - K ivu. En 2001,lacirc u l ation depoliov i russauvage aétéinterrompuesurtoutel'étenduedupaysgr â c eaux activités de vaccination de routine et surtout à l'organisation des journées nationales de vaccination