Impact of severe acute kidney injury on short-term mortality in urosepsis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of severe acute kidney injury (AKI) on short-term mortality in patients with urosepsis. METHODS: This prospective cohort study evaluated 207 patients with urosepsis. AKI was diagnosed in accordance with the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria, and severe AKI was defined as stage 2 or 3 AKI. Patients were divided into two groups: patients who developed severe AKI (severe AKI group) and patients who did not (control group). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality within 30 days. The secondary endpoints were 90-day mortality and in-hospital mortality. The exploratory outcomes were the risk factors for severe AKI development. RESULTS: The median patient age was 79 years. Of the 207 patients, 56 (27%) developed severe AKI. The 30-day mortality rate in the severe AKI group was significantly higher than that in the control group (20% vs. 2.0%, respectively; P < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, performance status and severe AKI were significantly associated with 30-day mortality. The in-hospital mortality and 90-day mortality rates in the severe AKI group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). In the multivariable analysis, age, urolithiasis-related sepsis, lactate values, and disseminated intravascular coagulation were significantly associated with severe AKI development. CONCLUSIONS: Severe AKI was a common complication in patients with urosepsis and contributed to high short-term mortality rates.

Associations of remaining teeth number, periodontal disease, and occlusal support status with erectile dysfunction in community-dwelling men.

OBJECTIVES: Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported positive relationships between erectile dysfunction (ED) and periodontal disease. However, no study has evaluated the relationships of occlusal support status and the number of remaining teeth with ED. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between ED and the remaining teeth number, periodontal disease, and occlusal support status. METHODS: This study included 400 community-dwelling men. Periodontal health status and occlusal support condition were evaluated using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Eichner classification. Multivariable analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between ED and the remaining teeth number, periodontal disease, and occlusal support status. RESULTS: The median age was 53 years. Of the 400 men, 333 (83%) were classified into ED group. In univariable analyses, remaining teeth number, CPI score, and Eichner classification were significantly associated with ED. In multivariable analyses, the remaining teeth number (odds ratio [OR]: 0.907, p = 0.114) and CPI score (OR: 0.978, p = 0.864) were not significantly associated with ED, whereas the Eichner classification was independently and significantly associated with ED (OR: 3.490, p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Poor occlusal support status was significantly associated with ED in community-dwelling men, as opposed to remaining teeth number and periodontal health status.

Real-world effects of novel androgen receptor axis-targeted agents on oncological outcomes in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A multi-institutional retrospective study.

Background: The benefits of novel androgen receptor axis-targeted agents (ARATs) on oncological outcomes in patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) in real-world settings are unclear. Methods: This multi-institutional retrospective study included 178 patients with nmCRPC treated between September 2003 and August 2022. Patients were divided into two groups: those who were treated with any novel ARATs, including apalutamide, enzalutamide, darolutamide, and abiraterone acetate, during any line of nmCRPC treatment (novel ARATs group) and those who were not (control group). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of novel ARATs on metastasis-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: The median age and follow-up period after nmCRPC diagnosis were 76 years and 37 months, respectively. Of the 178 patients, 122 (69%) were treated with novel ARATs after nmCRPC diagnosis. The MFS and OS in the novel ARATs group were significantly longer than those in the control group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.020, respectively). In multivariable analyses, a prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT) of <3 months and novel ARATs were independently and significantly associated with MFS and OS. The effects of novel ARATs on MFS were consistently observed across subgroups stratified by age (<75 years or ≥75 years), history of radical treatment (no or yes), biopsy Gleason score (<9 or ≥9), clinical stage (≤cT3 and cN0, or cT4 or cN1), and PSADT (≥3 months or <3 months). Conclusion: Novel ARATs were significantly associated with improved oncological outcomes in patients with nmCRPC in a real-world setting, regardless of tumor aggressiveness.

Treatment patterns and prognosis in patients with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-exposed high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a real-world data analysis.

PURPOSE: The International Bladder Cancer Group designated the subgroup that is resistant to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) but does not meet the criteria for BCG-unresponsive NMIBC as "BCG-exposed high-risk NMIBC" to guide optimal trial design. We aimed to investigate the treatment patterns and prognoses of patients with BCG-exposed NMIBC. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 3283 patients who received intravesical BCG therapy for NMIBC at 14 participating institutions between January 2000 and December 2019. Patients meeting the criteria for BCG-exposed and BCG-unresponsive NMIBC, as defined by the Food and Drug Administration and International Bladder Cancer Group, were selected. To compare treatment patterns and outcomes, high-risk recurrence occurring more than 24 months after the last dose of BCG was defined as "BCG-treated NMIBC." In addition, we compared prognoses between BCG rechallenge and early cystectomy in patients with BCG-exposed NMIBC. RESULTS: Of 3283 patients, 108 (3.3%), 150 (4.6%), and 391 (11.9%) were classified as having BCG-exposed, unresponsive, and treated NMIBC, respectively. BCG-exposed NMIBC demonstrated intermediate survival curves for intravesical recurrence-free and progression-free survival, falling between those of BCG-unresponsive and treated NMIBC. Among patients with BCG-exposed NMIBC, 48 (44.4%) received BCG rechallenge, which was the most commonly performed treatment, and 19 (17.6%) underwent early cystectomy. No significant differences were observed between BCG rechallenge and early cystectomy in patients with BCG-exposed NMIBC. CONCLUSIONS: The newly proposed definition of BCG-exposed NMIBC may serve as a valuable disease subgroup for distinguishing significant gray areas, except in cases of BCG-unresponsive NMIBC.

The impact of second transurethral resection on survival outcomes in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy.

OBJECTIVE: Several guidelines recommended that second transurethral resection should be performed in patients with diagnosis of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, therapeutic benefits of second transurethral resection before bacillus Calmette-Guérin intravesical instillation were conflicting amongst previous studies. We investigated the prognostic impact of second transurethral resection before bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation in high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients. METHODS: This retrospective study included 3104 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients who received bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillations between 2000 and 2019 at 31 collaborative institutions. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the risk factors of intravesical recurrence, disease progression, cancer-specific mortality and overall mortality. RESULTS: In the entire population, patients undergoing second transurethral resection (33%, 1026/3104) had a lower risk of intravesical recurrence on univariate analysis (hazard ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.73-0.98, P = 0.027), although it did not remain significant on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.76-1.07, P = 0.24). Subgroup analysis revealed that, in pT1 patients (n = 1487), second transurethral resection was significantly correlated with a lower risk of intravesical recurrence on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.64-1.00, P = 0.048), but lower risks of disease progression (hazard ratio 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.56-1.00, P = 0.049), cancer-specific mortality (hazard ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.35-0.85, P = 0.007) and overall mortality (hazard ratio 0.73, 95% confidence interval 0.55-0.97, P = 0.027) on univariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Second transurethral resection confers accurate pathological staging and could be used to safely select good candidates for intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation. We further confirm that second transurethral resection could confer an oncological benefit in pT1 bladder cancer patients treated by bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation, and so strongly recommend second transurethral resection in this patient population.

Humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine on in ABO blood type incompatible kidney transplant recipients treated with low-dose rituximab.

We aimed to evaluate the humoral response after the second and third doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in ABO blood type incompatible kidney transplant (KT) recipients treated with rituximab. This retrospective study conducted between June 2021 and June 2022 included 131 KT recipients and 154 nontransplant controls who had received mRNA vaccines. We compared the seropositivity (anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG antibody titer ≥ 0.8 U/mL) after the second and third vaccinations. Furthermore, we evaluated the impact of pretransplant vaccination for seropositivity. Of the 131 KT recipients, 50 had received the third dose of mRNA vaccine. The antibody titer was significantly increased after the third dose of mRNA vaccine. The seropositivity rate after the third dose of mRNA vaccine increased from 36 to 70%. We observed no significant difference in seropositivity after the third dose of mRNA vaccine in ABO incompatibility, rituximab use, mycophenolate mofetil use, and age at KT. Of the nine recipients who had received the second or third dose of the mRNA vaccine prior to the KT, eight of the recipients were seropositive both before and after the KT. Our results suggest that ABO incompatibility or rituximab use was not significantly associated with seropositivity.

Impact of nephroureterectomy on postoperative renal function in upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A multicenter retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of radical nephroureterectomy on postoperative renal function in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 645 patients with UTUC treated with radical nephroureterectomy between January 2000 and May 2022. The primary outcome was the rate of postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 . Secondary outcomes included the rate of eGFR decline, identification of factors related to eGFR decline, and the impact of comorbidities (diabetes or cardiovascular disease) on postoperative eGFR at 1 year. RESULTS: The median preoperative and postoperative eGFR levels were 55.6 and 43.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 , respectively. The rate of patients with preoperative and postoperative eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was 40.9% and 9.0%, respectively. The median decline in eGFR after surgery was 25.1%. The presence of preoperative unilateral hydronephrosis and eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was significantly associated with a low decline of postoperative eGFR and poor survival. The impact of the presence of comorbidities on postoperative eGFR at 1 year was significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Impaired renal function is prevalent in patients with UTUC. The rate of patients with postoperative eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was 9.0%. The presence of preoperative renal impairment was significantly related to a low decline in postoperative eGFR and poor survival. The presence of comorbidities had a significant effect on eGFR decline 1 year after radical nephroureterectomy.

Relationship between lower urinary tract symptoms and frailty.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the relationship between frailty and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). METHODS: We longitudinally evaluated the temporal changes and the relationships between frailty and LUTS in 247 community-dwelling adults (45 years or older) at baseline and at a 5-year follow-up. We used the Fried phenotype (phenotype-based frailty), 5-item modified frailty index (5i-mFI; comorbidity-based frailty), and frailty discriminant score (comprehensive frailty assessment) to evaluate frailty. LUTS were evaluated using the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS). RESULTS: We analyzed 247 participants with a median age of 60 years. The median IPSS and OABSS were significantly increased over the 5 years. The proportion of frail individuals did not increase significantly over the 5 years. Of the three frailty assessment tools, the 5i-mFI score significantly increased between 2014 and 2019. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the 5i-mFI score was significantly associated with the severity of LUTS in 2014 to 5i-mFI in 2019 but not with 5i-mFI in 2014 to the severity of LUTS in 2019. CONCLUSION: The effect of LUTS on frailty might be greater than the effect of frailty on LUTS. Further large-scale studies are needed to elucidate the relationship between LUTS and frailty.

Subsequent Upper Urinary Tract Carcinoma Related to Worse Survival in Patients Treated with BCG.

Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy is rare, and its incidence, clinical impact, and risk factors are not fully understood. To elucidate the clinical implications of UTUC after intravesical BCG therapy, this retrospective cohort study used data collected between January 2000 and December 2019. A total of 3226 patients diagnosed with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and treated with intravesical BCG therapy were enrolled (JUOG-UC 1901). UTUC impact was evaluated by comparing intravesical recurrence-free survival (RFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) rates. The predictors of UTUC after BCG treatment were assessed. Of these patients, 2873 with a medical history that checked UTUC were analyzed. UTUC was detected in 175 patients (6.1%) during the follow-up period. Patients with UTUC had worse survival rates than those without UTUC. Multivariate analyses revealed that tumor multiplicity (odds ratio [OR], 1.681; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.005-2.812; p = 0.048), Connaught strain (OR, 2.211; 95% CI, 1.380-3.543; p = 0.001), and intravesical recurrence (OR, 5.097; 95% CI, 3.225-8.056; p < 0.001) were associated with UTUC after BCG therapy. In conclusion, patients with subsequent UTUC had worse RFS, CSS, and OS than those without UTUC. Multiple bladder tumors, treatment for Connaught strain, and intravesical recurrence after BCG therapy may be predictive factors for subsequent UTUC diagnosis.

Comparison of neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy vs. extended pelvic lymph-node dissection in high-risk prostate cancer treated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

We compared the impact of treatment strategies on postoperative complications and prognosis between robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) plus extended pelvic lymph-node dissection (ePLND) and RARP plus neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy (NCHT) without ePLND. We retrospectively evaluated 452 patients with high-risk prostate cancer (defined as any one of prostate-specific antigen ≥ 20 ng/mL, Gleason score 8-10, or cT2c-3) who were treated with RARP between January 2012 and February 2021. The patients were divided into two groups: RARP with ePLND (ePLND group) and NCHT plus RARP without ePLND (NCHT group). We compared the complication rate (Clavien-Dindo classification), biochemical recurrence-free survival, and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)-free survival between the groups. We performed multivariable Cox regression analysis using inverse probability weighting (IPTW) methods to assess the impact of the different treatments on prognosis. There were 150 and 302 patients in the ePLND and NCHT groups, respectively. The postoperative complication rate was significantly higher in the ePLND group than in the NCHT group (P < 0.001). IPTW-adjusted biochemical recurrence-free survival and CRPC-free survival were significantly higher in the NCHT group than in the ePLND group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.29, P < 0.001, and HR 0.29, P = 0.010, respectively). NCHT plus RARP without ePLND may reduce the risk of postoperative complications compared with ePLND during RARP. The impact of treatment strategies on oncological outcomes needs further studies.

Trends in the age of hospitalized patients with urological cancers: A 17-year experience.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of global aging on the trends in the age of hospitalized patients with a urological cancer diagnosis. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated a cumulative total of 10 652 cases of referred patients (n = 6637) with a urological disease who were hospitalized in our institution between January 2005 and December 2021. We compared age and the proportion of patients aged ≥80 years among patients who were hospitalized in the urological ward between the period of 2005-2013 and that of 2014-2021. RESULTS: We identified 8168 hospitalized patients with urological cancer. The median age was significantly increased in patients with urological cancer between the periods of 2005-2013 and 2014-2021. The proportion of hospitalized patients with urological cancer aged ≥80 years was significantly increased between the periods of 2005-2013 (9.3%) and 2014-2021 (13.8%). The median ages of the patients with urothelial cancer (UC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but not the median age of those with prostate cancer (PC), were significantly increased between the study periods. The proportion of hospitalized patients with UC, but not the proportions of those with PC and RCC, aged ≥80 years was significantly increased between the study periods. CONCLUSIONS: The age of patients with urological cancer who were hospitalized in the urological ward and the proportion of patients with UC aged ≥80 years significantly increased over the entire study period.

Combination of Muscle Quantity and Quality Is Useful to Assess the Necessity of Surveillance after a 5-Year Cancer-Free Period in Patients Who Undergo Radical Cystectomy: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: Although continuous surveillance after a 5-year cancer-free period in patients with bladder cancer (BC) who undergo radical cystectomy (RC) is recommended, optimal candidates for continuous surveillance remain unclear. Sarcopenia is associated with unfavorable prognosis in various malignancies. We aimed to investigate the impact of low muscle quantity and quality (defined as severe sarcopenia) on prognosis after a 5-year cancer-free period in patients who underwent RC. METHODS: We conducted a multi-institutional retrospective study assessing 166 patients who underwent RC and had five years or more of follow-up periods after a 5-year cancer-free period. Muscle quantity and quality were evaluated using the psoas muscle index (PMI) and intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC) using computed tomography images five years after RC. Patients with lower PMI and higher IMAC values than the cut-off values were diagnosed with severe sarcopenia. Univariable analyses were performed to assess the impact of severe sarcopenia on recurrence, adjusting for the competing risk of death using the Fine-Gray competing risk regression model. Moreover, the impact of severe sarcopenia on non-cancer-specific survival was evaluated using univariable and multivariable analyses. RESULTS: The median age and follow-up period after the 5-year cancer-free period were 73 years and 94 months, respectively. Of 166 patients, 32 were diagnosed with severe sarcopenia. The 10-year RFS rate was 94.4%. In the Fine-Gray competing risk regression model, severe sarcopenia did not show a significant higher probability of recurrence, with an adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio of 0.525 (p = 0.540), whereas severe sarcopenia was significantly associated with non-cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio 1.909, p = 0.047). These results indicate that patients with severe sarcopenia might not need continuous surveillance after a 5-year cancer-free period, considering the high non-cancer-specific mortality.

Trends of incidence and age in adults with testicular germ cell tumors: a two-decade multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most common type of cancer in adolescent boys and young adult men, but the age at onset has been increasing. However, little is known regarding the incidence and age of patients with testicular GCTs in Japan because the incidence there is low. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with GCTs in seven hospitals between 2001 and 2021. We compared the incidences of testicular GCTs, ages at onset, pathological types (seminoma or nonseminoma), and clinical stages in patients with GCTs between the periods 2001-2010 and 2011-2021. Results: We identified 193 adults (≥20 years of age) with testicular GCTs; their median age was 37 years [interquartile range (IQR), 29-47 years]. Of these patients, 87 (45.1%) were ≥40 years of age at diagnosis. The proportion of patients aged ≥40 years was significantly higher in the period 2011-2021 (54.8%) than in 2001-2010 (30.8%; P=0.001). The incidence of seminoma was significantly higher in the period 2011-2021, but clinical stage did not differ significantly between the two periods. The population-adjusted incidence among patients in their 40s was 3.4-fold higher in 2011-2021 than in 2001-2010. Conclusions: The number of patients with GCTs aged ≥40 years was significantly higher in 2011-2021, even in a population-adjusted analysis. Treatment strategies need to be adapted to older testicular germ cell tumor patients.

Can Erectile Dysfunction Severity Predict Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Men Undergoing Dialysis? A Prospective Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of severe erectile dysfunction (ED) on future major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in men on dialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 71 men on dialysis. ED was assessed using the Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM). Men were divided into the mild/moderate ED (SHIM score ≥8) and severe ED (SHIM score ≤7) groups. The primary endpoint was MACE-free survival. MACE was a composite of myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death, and stroke. The secondary endpoints were cardiac event-free survival and overall survival (OS). Moreover, the predictive abilities of severe ED for 5-year MACE, 5-year cardiac events, and 5-year overall mortality were evaluated. RESULTS: The median age and follow-up period of the included men were 64 years and 58 months, respectively. The median SHIM score was 4.0; all had a degree of ED, and 64.7% had severe ED. In the background-adjusted multivariable analyses, severe ED was not significantly associated with shorter MACE-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.890; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.533-6.706; p=0.324), cardiac event-free survival (HR, 2.081; 95% CI, 0.687-6.304; p=0.195), and OS (HR, 0.817; 95% CI, 0.358-1.863; p=0.630). Severe ED did not significantly improve the predictive abilities for 5-year MACE, 5-year cardiac events, and 5-year overall mortality (p=0.110, p=0.101, and p=0.740, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: ED severity was not associated with shorter MACE-free survival, cardiac event-free survival, or OS, and ED severity could not improve the predictive abilities for these outcomes in men undergoing dialysis.

Impact of an optimized surveillance protocol based on the European Association of Urology substratification on surveillance costs in patients with primary high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVES: The optimal frequency and duration of surveillance in patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) remain unclear. The aim of the present study is to develop an optimal surveillance protocol based on the European Association of Urology (EAU) substratification in order to improve surveillance costs after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) in patients with primary high-risk NMIBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 428 patients with primary high-risk NMIBC who underwent TURBT from November 1993 to April 2019. Patients were substratified into the highest-risk and high-risk without highest-risk groups based on the EAU guidelines. An optimized surveillance protocol that enhances cost-effectiveness was then developed using real incidences of recurrence after TURBT. A recurrence detection rate ([number of patients with recurrence / number of patients with surveillance] × 100) of ≥ 1% during a certain period indicated that routine surveillance was necessary in this period. The 10-year total surveillance cost was compared between the EAU guidelines-based protocol and the optimized surveillance protocol developed herein. RESULTS: Among the 428 patients with primary high-risk NMIBC, 97 (23%) were substratified into the highest-risk group. Patients in the highest-risk group had a significantly shorter recurrence-free survival than those in the high-risk without highest-risk group. The optimized surveillance protocol promoted a 40% reduction ($394,990) in the 10-year total surveillance cost compared to the EAU guidelines-based surveillance protocol. CONCLUSION: The optimized surveillance protocol based on the EAU substratification could potentially reduce over investigation during follow-up and improve surveillance costs after TURBT in patients with primary high-risk NMIBC.

Summary of the clinical practice manual for late-onset hypogonadism.

Testosterone plays an important role in maintaining both physical and mental function. Age-related testosterone depletion contributes to the development of angina, arteriosclerosis, obesity, metabolic syndrome, dementia, frailty, and a range of other conditions. A condition involving age-related testosterone depletion and the associated clinical symptoms is defined as late-onset hypogonadism (LOH). LOH is treated by testosterone replacement therapy. Indications for testosterone replacement therapy are determined by evaluating symptoms and signs.

Association between Advanced Glycation End-Products, Carotenoids, and Severe Erectile Dysfunction.

PURPOSE: To investigate the association between skin advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) levels, blood antioxidative vitamin and carotenoid concentrations, and severe erectile dysfunction (ED) in community-dwelling men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study used the 5-Item International Index of Erectile Function to identify 335 community-dwelling men with ED. The accumulation of skin AGEs was assessed noninvasively by measuring skin autofluorescence. Background-adjusted multivariable logistic regression analyses using the inverse probability of treatment weighting method were performed to evaluate the effects of AGEs, vitamins, and carotenoids on severe ED. Moreover, multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the association between skin AGEs levels and serum carotenoid concentrations. RESULTS: The median age of study participants was 57 years. Of the 335 men, 289 (86.3%) and 46 (13.7%) were classified into the mild/moderate and severe ED groups, respectively. Multivariable analyses revealed that skin AGEs levels, blood vitamins C and E, lutein, zeaxanthin, ß-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, ß-carotene, total lycopene, and cis-lycopenes concentrations were significantly associated with severe ED, whereas all-trans lycopene concentrations were not. In the multiple linear regression analyses, serum zeaxanthin concentrations were negatively and significantly correlated with skin AGEs levels. CONCLUSIONS: Higher skin AGEs levels and lower blood antioxidative vitamin and carotenoid concentrations were significantly associated with severe ED. Serum zeaxanthin levels were negatively and significantly correlated with skin AGEs levels, suggesting the possible effects of zeaxanthin on ED by decreasing tissue AGEs levels.

Comparison of efficacy and medical costs between upfront docetaxel and abiraterone treatments of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients in real-world practice: a multicenter retrospective study.

PURPOSE: We compared the real-world efficacy and medical costs for treatment with upfront docetaxel (DOC) and abiraterone acetate (ABI) up to progression-free survival 2 (PFS2) in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study included 340 patients with mHSPC treated with either upfront DOC or upfront ABI between October 2015 and December 2021. We compared PFS2 and medical costs between the two treatment groups. PFS2 was defined as the time from first-line therapy to progression on second-line therapy. Medical costs were estimated using the National Health Insurance drug prices in 2022 in Japan. RESULTS: The upfront DOC and ABI groups included 107 and 233 patients, respectively. The incidence of metastatic castration-resistant PC progression was significantly higher in the upfront DOC group compared with the incidence in the upfront ABI group. However, no significant differences in PFS2 were observed between the two treatment groups. Monthly medical costs per patient were significantly higher in the upfront ABI group ($3453) compared with the costs in the upfront DOC group ($1239, P < 0.001). The cost differences were significantly influenced by differences in the length of androgen deprivation therapy monotherapy (DOC group, 13.4 months vs. ABI group, 0.0 months). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a significant cost benefit in the upfront DOC group in Japanese real-world practice, while the PFS2 rates were similar between the groups. Upfront DOC was a more cost-effective option for men with mHSPC who were eligible for toxic chemotherapy.

Oncological and functional outcomes of female reproductive organ-sparing radical cystectomy and ileal neobladder construction.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the oncological and urinary functional outcomes of reproductive organ-sparing radical cystectomy (ROS-RC) and U-shaped ileal neobladder construction in females compared with male patients. METHODS: We retrospectively examined 357 patients (281 male and 76 female) with muscle-invasive bladder cancer who were treated with RC plus U-shaped ileal neobladder construction between May 1996 and July 2021. All female patients were treated with ROS-RC. We compared disease-free survival (DFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), and urinary functional outcomes between male and female patients. We evaluated the effect of gender on DFS, CSS, and OS. Furthermore, urinary functional outcomes were evaluated in 140 males and 48 females using a pressure-flow study at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Female patients were considerably older than male patients at the time of radical cystectomy. No significant difference was noted in the tumor stage preoperatively. The multivariable Cox regression analysis with an inverse probability treatment weighted model revealed that the female gender was not significantly related to DFS, CSS, and OS. Moreover, urinary functions at 12 months were not markedly different between males and females, except for the capacity of the neobladder, detrusor pressure, and maximum urethral closure pressure. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that female patients with ROS-RC and U-shaped ileal neobladder construction did not significantly correlate with worse oncological outcomes. The combination of ROS-RC and U-shaped ileal neobladder construction might attain adequate urinary function without sacrificing oncologic outcomes.

Effects of apalutamide dose reduction on skin-related adverse events in patients with advanced prostate cancer: A multicenter retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the effects of apalutamide dose reduction on skin-related adverse events (AEs) and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)-free survival in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PC). METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 35 patients with nonmetastatic CRPC and 72 patients with treatment-naïve metastatic castration-sensitive PC (mCSPC) who were treated with apalutamide. The primary outcome was the effect of apalutamide dose reduction on skin-related AEs. The secondary outcomes were the effect of apalutamide dose reduction on skin-related AEs in patients with small body size, postskin AE apalutamide discontinuation rate, and CRPC-free survival in patients with mCSPC treated with upfront apalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy. RESULTS: Of the 107 patients, 65 (60.7%) and 42 (39.3%) were treated with full and reduced doses of apalutamide, respectively. The skin-related AE rate was not significantly different between the groups (55% vs. 43%, p = 0.761). In the group receiving reduced apalutamide dose, the incidence of skin-related AEs was significantly lower in patients with small body sizes (body weight <67 kg and body mass index <24 kg/m2 ) than in those with other body sizes. The postskin AE apalutamide discontinuation rate was significantly differed between patients receiving the full (50%) and reduced (16.7%) doses. In the 72 patients with mCSPC, CRPC-free survival was not significantly different between the full and reduced dose groups. CONCLUSION: Apalutamide dose reduction was not significantly associated with the incidence of skin-related AEs. However, dose reduction in patients with small body sizes may alleviate skin-related AEs without sacrificing oncological outcomes.